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+++ b/assets/images/guide/resources/wallet-features.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +--- +layout: guide +title: Wallet features +parent: Resources +nav_order: 3 +--- + +# Software overview + +Security +- Multi signature wallets support +- Hardware wallet support +- Cloud backup +- Read-only wallets + +Privacy +- Payjoin +- CoinJoin + +Accounting +- Accounting features + +Interoperability +- Interoperability with other applications + +Transactions +- Contacts +- Batch transactions +- Transaction bumping +- Lightning wallets support or integration + +Globalization +- Exchange to and from fiat currencies +- Multi-currency support +- Localization + +Convenience +- Notifications +- Device support (desktop, mobile, other) + +Bitcoin specific +- An integrated node +- Mining \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/guide.md b/guide.md index 3ccf59a2b..09be85290 100644 --- a/guide.md +++ b/guide.md @@ -6,16 +6,21 @@ permalink: /guide/ main_nav: true secondary_nav: false main_classes: -no-top-padding +image: /assets/images/guide/bitcoin-island-preview.jpg --- @@ -24,7 +29,7 @@ How to contribute retina = "/assets/images/guide/bitcoin-island@2x.jpg" mobile = "/assets/images/guide/bitcoin-island-mobile.jpg" mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/bitcoin-island-mobile@2x.jpg" - alt-text = "" + alt-text = "Bitcoin island travel map" width = 1600 height = 900 layout = "full-width" @@ -40,7 +45,7 @@ This guide was built on that very idea. Like a travel guide, it provides an intr With bitcoin being so new and different, a big focus of the guide lies on providing overviews, explanations and best practices for the most common questions and problems. These are the main chapters: -- [Getting started]({{ '/getting-started/introduction/' | relative_url }}) is for top-level overviews, whether it's bitcoin technology, visual language, software, or design collaboration in an open-source world +- [Getting started]({{ '/guide/getting-started/introduction/' | relative_url }}) is for top-level overviews, whether it's bitcoin technology, visual language, software, or design collaboration in an open-source world - _Onboarding_ (Coming soon) goes in-depth on the delicate process of introducing new users to bitcoin and how to use specific products and features - [Private key management]({{ '/private-key-management/introduction/' | relative_url }}) provides extensive details and guidance on the many techniques for storing private keys - _Transactions_ (Coming soon) deals with the complexities of sending and receiving bitcoin across various use cases @@ -49,7 +54,7 @@ With bitcoin being so new and different, a big focus of the guide lies on provid ## How to use the guide -If you are new to bitcoin, continue to the "[Getting started]({{ '/getting-started/introduction/' | relative_url }})" section for an introduction on why bitcoin is so unique and what makes it so interesting and worthwhile to be involved. As a more experienced reader, you are more than welcome to skip straight to the sections that interest you most. And if you don’t find what you are looking for, try the search function, [ask in the community](http://bitcoindesigners.org) or [file an issue]({{site.github_repository_url}}issues) and help us improve this guide. +If you are new to bitcoin, continue to the "[Getting started]({{ '/guide/getting-started/introduction/' | relative_url }})" section for an introduction on why bitcoin is so unique and what makes it so interesting and worthwhile to be involved. As a more experienced reader, you are more than welcome to skip straight to the sections that interest you most. And if you don’t find what you are looking for, try the search function, [ask in the community](https://www.bitcoindesigners.org) or [file an issue]({{site.github_repository_url}}issues) and help us improve this guide. ## A community effort @@ -59,4 +64,4 @@ This guide is an example of this. It was created and is maintained by a communit --- -Now, let's [get started]({{ '/getting-started/introduction/' | relative_url }}). \ No newline at end of file +Now, let's [get started]({{ '/guide/getting-started/introduction/' | relative_url }}). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows.md b/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58736de1b --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows.md @@ -0,0 +1,410 @@ +--- +layout: guide +title: Common user flows +nav_order: 9 +parent: Getting started +permalink: /guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/ +main_classes: -no-top-padding +image: /assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/common-user-flows-preview.jpg +--- + + + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/common-user-flows.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/common-user-flows@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/common-user-flows-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/common-user-flows-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Notebook with handwritten user actions" + caption = 'Notebook photo by [Mike Tinnion](https://unsplash.com/@m15ky){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"} on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}.' + width = 1600 + height = 600 + layout = "full-width" +%} + +# Common user flows +{:.no_toc} + +Some applications are like Swiss Army Knives. They provide many different invidiual tools and it is up to each user to find the right one for their job and use it effectively. Other software is highly optimized for specific use cases and provides specific, more linear work flows for each one. And many applications use both approaches at different times. Particularly for new users and for initial software setup, offering linear workflows (also known as wizards), can be very helpful in successfully completing tasks. + +Let's take a look at some common user needs and workflows that can be created for them. + +1. Table of contents +{:toc} + +## Orientation + +This step is many times overlooked, but before anyone uses your product, they first need to find out that it exists, understand and develop interest and decide to start using it. If users cannot quickly learn the purpose and benefits of the application, they are less likely to use it. Also see the first three phases of the [usage life cycle]({% link guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle.md %}). + +## Software download & installation + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/download.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/download@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +Mobile app stores do a good job at providing previews of what using an app will be like. Through copy, videos, images and reviews, users can make informed decisions about the product they are evaluating. Open-source software is typically downloaded via a website or from Github and each project decides what information to present. + +
+ +Here are two different examples of webpages for downloading bitcoin wallet software. Which one allows users to better understand what using the software will be like? Which one builds more trust? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/app-store-bluewallet.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/app-store-bluewallet@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Blue Wallet app store download page" + caption = 'BlueWallet landing page on the App Store' + width = 400 + height = 480 +%} + +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/bitcoincore-com.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/bitcoincore-com@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "bitcoincore.org download page" + caption = 'bitcoincore.org' + width = 400 + height = 480 +%} + +
+ +The App Store landing page includes screenshots, a description and updates in the latest version, as well as user reviews and information about the developer. The bitcoincore.org landing page does not allow me to get an idea of how the product works, what it looks like, or what others think of it. Instead it provides multiple download links, requirements, and information about how to verify that it is indeed the software I am looking for. The two approaches are for different phases of the usage life cycle. One is for the aware user who wants to determine whether they are interested in the product. The other is for the interested user who wants to start using the product. Make sure to satisfy both of these users. + +## Software onboarding + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/onboarding.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/onboarding@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +Bitcoin is complex, and so it is recommended to think through and carefully shape the first experience users have in your product. Without being overwhelming or getting into too much detail, this user flow should explain core concepts and features that allow users to create mental models on how they will use the application. + +Onboarding may be purely informational based on the content, but many times it also includes an initial setup that helps personalize the software towards the users specific needs and context. After onboarding, users are mostly on their own, so the goal is to leave users with a clear idea on how to achieve what they came for. + +The example below shows a series of approaches: + +1. Guide the user through forms one small step at a time +1. Offer a slideshow of information users can choose to read through +1. Provide a guided tour of the interface to orient users in the product +1. Offer prompts to primary actions and use cases + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/blockchain-com-onboarding.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/blockchain-com-onboarding@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Screenshots of the first-time user experience of the blockchain.com bitcoin wallet" + caption = 'Onboarding screens of the blockchain.com wallet as of September 2020' + width = 1024 + height = 630 + layout = "full-width" +%} + +A whole section about onboarding is in development for this guide, stay tuned for more. + +## Creating a new wallet + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/create-wallet.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/create-wallet@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +It is important here to distinguish between wallet software, and the wallet that represents the users "account". This particular experience may be almost invisible or highly elaborate. While some mobile wallet applications choose to automatically create and secure a wallet during first launch, other wallets provide extensive configuration wizards. + +
+ +Not all wallets are the same as new standards have emerged over time. So some software may create wallets via outdated technical formats, and others allow users to choose different technical formats during wallet creation for wider compatibility with other software. [Wallets Recovery](https://github.com/nvk/wallets-recovery){:target="_blank"} provides a great overview of different implementations and how nuanced some of the differences are. Generally, these differences are very difficult to understand for regular users and should either be automatically handled by the system, or explained in layman terms. + +One of the most complex users flows in Bitcoin is the creation of multisignature wallets. Multisignature means that there are multiple keys that control the wallet. All keys are required for the creation of the wallet, and users can choose the number of keys required to sign transactions. This is typically done to increase security because it avoids having a single point of failure. For a hacker to get access to 2 out of total of 3 keys that are geographically distributed is much harder than if there is just a single key. While a single user can more easily set up a multisignature wallet with one computer and multiple hardware wallets, it is harder when multiple users hold keys. In that scenario, a file needs to be sent around for each participant to sign. Some wallet software providers hosts servers that seamlessly connect these users. However, this provides another potential attack vector and introduces risk. + +## Importing an existing wallet + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/import-wallet.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/import-wallet@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +We ask users to securely back up their keys when they create new wallets so they can restore them later. This might be due to practical reasons like switching to a new computer or from a laptop to a smartphone. It may also be part of an investment strategy, like when a user wants to access bitcoin from cold storage after not interacting with them for months or years. + +
+ +## Securing a wallet + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/secure-wallet.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/secure-wallet@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +Similar to fiat currencies, securely storing money can be as simple as storing some coins in your pocket, or highly complex with safety deposit boxes at multiple banks. For self-custodial wallets, all of this is in the hands of the users, although wallet software ideally provides guidelines and support to more easily follow best practices. Continue to the Key Management section for introductions and deep-dives into different techniques. + +
+ +## Sending bitcoin + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/sending.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/sending@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +While we all prefer to receive bitcoin, there are times when we need to send them to others. At the core, sending bitcoin can be a very simple matter of entering an address and bitcoin amount and tapping "Send". It can also scale up to a much more complex interaction when batching transactions, using a multisignature wallet or taking advantage of a privacy-preserving technique like a PayJoin. + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/sending-ui-complexity.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/sending-ui-complexity@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Interface design examples of two send screens with different levels of complexity" + caption = "A bitcoin transaction can be extremely simple, but can also be finely tuned for users with specific needs." + width = 800 + height = 656 +%} + +Once a transaction has been broadcast, the bitcoin network starts processing it. Users may want to stay informed about this progress, particularly when a transaction takes longer than expected. In extreme cases, it is possible to retroactively increase the transaction fee so it gets validated faster with a technique called Replace-by-Fee. + +## Requesting bitcoin + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/requesting.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/requesting@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +Equivalent to creating an invoice, requesting bitcoin involves entering information about this specific transaction and forwarding it to the payer. Overall, there is less complexity involved in this process as for sending, but there are a few things for designers to consider. + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/receiving-ui-example.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/receiving-ui-example@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Interface design examples of two send screens with different levels of complexity" + caption = "A basic example of the information a user needs to add when requesting bitcoin." + width = 800 + height = 336 +%} + +While it is initially intuitive to re-use the same receiving address over and over, this practice is highly discouraged. Anyone with this address can easily see what other payments are being made to it and how the bitcoin are spent. The UI should encourage users to create new addresses for each invoice. This also makes it easier for the software to understand when a specific payment has been received. + +The most important consideration is around how this request is securely shared and received. When transmitting this information, there is a risk that a third party can intercept it and tamper with it. This can result in Bitcoin getting sent to an attackers address instead. So it is good to consider offering ways for both payee and payer to verify the accuracy of the information (for example by allowing them to share the information via two different channels). + +As for data formats for sharing, [BIP 21](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0021.mediawiki){:target="_blank"} describes a URI scheme to turn requests into links that can be shared like any other link. On click, wallets that support this scheme can immediately show the send screen with the correct information pre-filled. Links can also be encoded and transmitted via QR code. Since the scheme also allows for inclusion of an address label and transaction description, it allows both sender and recipient to stay organized. + +## Receiving bitcoin + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/receiving.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/receiving@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +Once a user has requested a payment, they are naturally interested in knowing when it has been sent and confirmed. Even when the request was not specifically made, it is nice to know when you receive money. This can ideally be communicated via push notifications or similar mechanisms. Since the Bitcoin network does not have native functionality to push updates to wallet clients, this requires wallet software to regularly check for new transactions, or the use of a trusted third-party service. + +
+ +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/receive-notification.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/receive-notification@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Smartphone notification about an incoming transaction" + width = 400 + height = 158 + layout = "float-right" +%} + +A user may also want to check in and see if there are any previous requests that have not been completed yet. This is easily possible if the user has initiated all requests on the same wallet and used a new address for each one. In this case, a request can be considered fulfilled if at least one payment has been received with the total amount the user asked for. It is not as clear if addressess are getting re-used (how to tell which payment was for which purpose?) or the request has been made with another wallet (as this meta data is not stored and synced via the Bitcoin network). + +
+ +## Managing transactions + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/transactions.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/transactions@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +While the bitcoin network only stores transactions, a wallet is more than just a list of bitcoin sent and received. Behind each transaction is an interaction between people and companies (or software). So for a user to make sense and work with transactions, they typically need to apply an organizational system. This could be a list of contacts they assign addresses to, tags like "allowance" or "business expenses", or simple describing what a transaction was for. + +
+ +Wallet software can support users and make this easier by offering organizational features and automated organization as it is possible. + +This is not only helpful to users, but can also help improve privacy. Since the individual transaction history can be traced, it is helpful to isolate transactions by sender and/or recipient. If I receive bitcoin from an exchange and then pay a store, then there is a chance that personal information about myself can be uncovered by making that connection. With well-labelled transactions, wallets can help users avoid this type of situation. + +## Switch wallets + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/migrate.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/migrate@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +In some circumstances users need to move all their funds to a new wallet. This may be because a wallet is potentially compromised, a simple change of software, or a migration to a wallet with a security setup that is more appropriate to the amount of funds stored. Whichever it may be, this can be a vital function for users that should be supported by applications. While it is easy to simply send all funds to a new address, there is additional meta and state data stored in wallet applications that also needs to be considered. + +
+ +## Wallet maintenance + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/maintenance.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/maintenance@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +It is not necessarily intuitive that a wallet may need maintenance, but there are a few actions users should regularly do in order to ensure their money is secure and private. + +
+ +### Sweep dust +{:.no_toc} + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/sweep.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/sweep@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +This is similar to exchanging many small coins into bills (like exchanging 100 one-dollar bills to a single one-hundred dollar bill). Dust refers to small amounts of unspent bitcoin in a wallet. If they add up, future transactions fees can become costly. That's because fees are partially based on transaction size. This size increases with every output from a previous transaction that is included. Sweeping dust helps by making a transaction to yourself that turns the many outputs with small amounts into a single output with a larger amount. This is typically done at a time when there are few transactions being done on the bitcoin network, which is another factor in fee calculation (senders choose how much they want to pay in fees, and the network prioritizes transactions that pay more). + +
+ +### Mixing coins +{:.no_toc} + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/mix.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/mix@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +Mixing coins is a technique to improve transaction privacy by making a special transaction. Multiple senders participate in the same transaction by sending and receiving identical amounts of bitcoin. Because this intertwines the transaction history of those coins, it becomes much harder to trace the individual coins and their respective owners. + +
+ +### Test hardware wallets +{:.no_toc} + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/test.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/test@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +Whether it's to ensure a hardware wallet still works, or to install a software update, it is recommended to regularly verify that everything still operates as expected. If a hardware wallet is exclusively used with a particular application, then the application can offer users support with this task (for example, by reminding users to check the hardware wallet every six months). The higher the amount stored, the more important it is to regularly check on the health of the setup. + +
+ +## Resolving a problem + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/resolving-problems.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/resolving-problems@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +This can be a tricky experience to address. For one, non-custodial cryptocurrency management by nature places a lot of responsibility on the user. This also puts much of the burden of solving problems on users. The second aspect is that open-source software typically relies on online documentation and forums for "customer service". Ideally, software helps prevent errors as much as possible through techniques like validating user input and requiring extra approvals for impactful actions. When this is not possible though, and errors do occur, they should be communicated as clearly as possible. + +
+ +--- + +Designing specific user flows may required a better understanding of the main technical concepts of bitcoin, which are covered in the [technology primer]({{ '/guide/getting-started/technology-primer/' | relative_url }}). diff --git a/guide/getting-started/getting-started.md b/guide/getting-started/getting-started.md index 207a2974f..cdff66e2b 100644 --- a/guide/getting-started/getting-started.md +++ b/guide/getting-started/getting-started.md @@ -2,9 +2,102 @@ layout: guide title: Getting started nav_order: 1 -permalink: /getting-started/introduction/ +has_children: true +permalink: /guide/getting-started/introduction/ +main_classes: -no-top-padding +image: /assets/images/guide/getting-started/getting-started-preview.jpg --- + + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/go.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/go@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/go-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/go-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "The word 'GO' with an arrow pointing right underneath" + width = 1600 + height = 600 + layout = "full-width" +%} + # Getting started -This chapter is in development at [PR #20](https://github.com/BitcoinDesign/Guide/pull/20){:target="_blank"}. Check the [preview](https://gbks.github.io/Guide/getting-started/introduction/){:target="_blank"}. \ No newline at end of file +Welcome to bitcoin design, you're in for an adventure. This chapter is all about the big concepts that are helpful to be familiar with when creating bitcoin products. You'll find a brief summary of each concept on this page, click through if you would like to dig deeper into a specific topic. Note that this is not meant as a comprehensive overview of all topics bitcoin, but only the ones we think are important to know as a designer working in this space. + +--- + +**[Why bitcoin is unique]({{ '/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique/' | relative_url }})** + +The internet has opened an infinite design space for information and communication. Bitcoin adds the new dimension of transferring value that could bring similar change as previous waves of innovation. + +--- + +**[Why design for bitcoin]({{ '/guide/getting-started/why-design-for-bitcoin/' | relative_url }})** + +Bitcoin is fundamentally open and participatory and allows designers and creators to explore and shape experiences for users around the globe. + +--- + +**[Open design]({{ '/guide/getting-started/open-design/' | relative_url }})** + +Open design is about global collaboration that balances the free exchange of design information, the independence of individual designers and the collective power of collaboration. + +--- + +**[The visual language of bitcoin]({{ '/guide/getting-started/visual-language/' | relative_url }})** + +As an open and public protocol, bitcoin does not have a strictly defined brand. Yet there is a recognizable symbol that has evolved over time and remixed endlessly. + +--- + +**[User research]({{ '/guide/getting-started/user-research/' | relative_url }})** + +All products begin with user needs and end in those same users hands. User research is a fundamental activity that helps shift our focus from the act of building towards building the things that people care about. + +--- + +**[Personal finance]({{ '/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/' | relative_url }})** + +If we consider bitcoin money, we need to consider how bitcoin users think about their finances. This page provides a simple framework that can serve as a starting point, deriving bitcoin software and hardware setups from common budgeting categories. + +--- + +**[Usage life cycle]({{ '/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/' | relative_url }})** + +All users start without any knowledge of bitcoin or your particular product. As we learn more, our understanding and needs change. As designers, it is important to guide users through this experience. + +--- + +**[Common user flows]({{ '/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/' | relative_url }})** + +Most bitcoin applications share certain user activities, from initial setup to making a transaction. It is important to follow expected patterns and behaviors users to reduce the risk of mistakes and allow users to seamlessly move between products. + +--- + +**[Technology primer]({{ '/guide/getting-started/technology-primer/' | relative_url }})** + +Learn some of the basic concepts behind the technologies that make bitcoin work, from what a bitcoin actually is to how transactions are confirmed. + +--- + +**[Software overview]({{ '/guide/getting-started/software/' | relative_url }})** + +Bitcoin applications roughly fall into a defined set of categories, from consumer-friendly wallets, to merchant tools, and more. + +--- + +**[Hardware overview]({{ '/guide/getting-started/hardware/' | relative_url }})** + +Whether it's for security or participating in the bitcoin network, bitcoin hardware is an essential part of the ecosystem and user experience. diff --git a/guide/getting-started/hardware.md b/guide/getting-started/hardware.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..86eae4b19 --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/getting-started/hardware.md @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +--- +layout: guide +title: Hardware overview +nav_order: 12 +parent: Getting started +permalink: /guide/getting-started/hardware/ +main_classes: -no-top-padding +image: /assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-preview.jpg +--- + + + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-overview.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-overview@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-overview-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-overview-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Simplified illustrations of several types of bitcoin hardware" + caption = "" + width = 1600 + height = 600 + layout = "full-width" +%} + +# Hardware overview + +Generally, any hardware with an internet connection can interact with the bitcoin network. While our personal computers and smartphones work great for general wallet management and transactions, a few types of dedicated hardware have been created that are optimized for the more unique aspects of how bitcoin works. + +## Recovery phrase storage + +Simple, cheap and robust storage solutions for recovery phrases come in modest forms. [Seedplate](https://bitcoinseedbackup.com/){:target="_blank"}, for example, is a metal plate in which users can etch the words of their recovery phrase for long-term offline storage. [CardWallet](https://www.cardwallet.com){:target="_blank"}, in comparison, is the size of a credit card and comes pre-loaded with a recovery phrase (hidden behind a security seal) and a matching bitcoin address. And if you like an even simpler solution, a piece of paper will do. Although paper is not as durable and may be easy to loose, it is one of the strengths of Bitcoin that such simple solutions are possible. + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-seed-storage.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-seed-storage@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-seed-storage-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-seed-storage-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Examples of seed storage options" + width = 800 + height = 400 +%} + +## Hardware wallets + +You may already be familar with key fobs from your bank or work. They are small devices with specific built-in authentication that is used to control and secure access to a computer system. Key fobs are not connected to the internet or any other network, so they cannot easily be hacked without physical access. + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-wallets.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-wallets@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-wallets-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/hardware-wallets-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Examples of hardware wallets" + caption = 'Coldcard, Ledger, Trezor, and Foundation' + width = 800 + height = 400 +%} + +Hardware wallets for bitcoin play a similar role but with several differences. Similar to key fobs, they securely store an authentication mechanism and isolate it from other devices and networks. In the case of bitcoin, these are the seed, associated keys and all functions that require direct interaction with them. + +Because hardware wallets are so optimized for this specific use case, they have very small screens and limited input options. Most interactions with them happen via desktop software that is also provided by the manufacturer. So users perform most wallet interactions on their desktops, and the application sends only specific requests to the hardware wallet to verify or sign data. This provides a great balance of security and convenience, and keeps hardware wallets generally affordable for most use cases. + +## Nodes + +Thousands of computers participate in the Bitcoin network. They are called nodes and continuously exchange, verify and compare transaction and block data. Running your own node, instead of relying on a third-party node, has the benefit that transactions are getting validated by your own personal device. Nodes also improve privacy and help secure the network. Several DIY and consumer hardware products have been created to make it easy to run your own node on a dedicated device. + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/node-hardware.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/node-hardware@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/node-hardware-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/node-hardware-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Examples of hardware wallets" + width = 800 + height = 400 +%} + +Dedicated node hardware is particularly relevant for heavy users of the Lightning network. While a bitcoin node can be turned off and on and can easily catch up with network activity, Lightning nodes need to be online at all times in order to maintain payment channels with other nodes. Smartphones are typically also online 24/7 but are not suited well for this task due to large amounts of data transfer and storage capacity requirements. + +While plug-and-play hardware nodes can solve various problems for bitcoin users, they have not seen wide-spread adoption as commercial products. + +## Miners + +Bitcoin mining has turned into a professional undertaking years ago. Today, dedicated hardware (so-called ASICS, or application-specific integrated circuits) is being developed that is optimized to continuously execute the Bitcoin hashing algorithm (called [SHA-256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2){:target="_blank"}) over and over until an acceptable hash is found. A modern miner (in 2020) can generate around 14,000,000,000,000 hashes per second. The more hashes generated, the higher the chance of "finding" a new block and receiving freshly minted bitcoin as a reward. + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/mining-hardware.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/mining-hardware@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/mining-hardware-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/mining-hardware-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Examples of hardware wallets" + width = 800 + height = 400 +%} + +Outside of purchasing hardware, the main cost of mining is electricity. That's why mining facilities can be found all over the world wherever electricity is abundant and cheap, whether it is in Iceland for geothermal energy or in China using exceess hydroelectricity. + + diff --git a/guide/getting-started/open-design.md b/guide/getting-started/open-design.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..006b93057 --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/getting-started/open-design.md @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +--- +layout: guide +title: Open design +nav_order: 4 +parent: Getting started +permalink: /guide/getting-started/open-design/ +main_classes: -no-top-padding +image: /assets/images/guide/getting-started/open-design/open-design-preview.jpg +--- + + + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/open-design/open-design.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/open-design/open-design@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/open-design/open-design-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/open-design/open-design-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Diverse people lingering and conversing in an open space" + caption = 'Character designs by [Open Peeps]("https://www.openpeeps.com/"){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}' + width = 1600 + height = 740 + layout = "full-width" +%} + +# Open design + +**In a broader view, open design is an alternative method for design and development, based on the free exchange of comprehensive design information.** + +Open design tries to balance the independence of individual designers and the collective power of collaboration. The goal is to enable and promote design projects, which are motivated by personal conviction and passion of designers for the greater benefit of a global society. + +In practical terms, open design can manifest itself in different ways. You might: + +* help design the interface of your favorite open-source project +* be really interested in a specific topic and collaborate with multiple people and projects in related areas +* create a design resource library (like an icon or illustration set, or a UI Kit) for others to use +* help test and provide feedback to an open-source product +* contribute to this Bitcoin Design Guide (hint, hint) + +Whichever it may be, it is a voluntary, public contribution to efforts that you think are worthwhile. From these individual efforts, a network of people and projects emerges that is only loosely bound through personal relationships, communities, or the work itself. This is different from common corporate structures and requires individuals to think and act more independently and be comfortable with ambiguity. + +Open-source development has existed and matured for decades, while open design is not as widely known or practiced. Starting to design for bitcoin products can therefore sometimes be disorienting, as many designers need to adjust not just how they work and collaborate, but also the relationship to their work. No longer is the design an artefact only controlled by just the designer or a small group of people inside an organization. The design instead becomes part of a public conversation where anyone is invited to help shape it, and group consensus influences the way forward. In open-source software, this public review and debate often lead to better products and services, and this effect ideally carries over to open design. + +The best solutions typically come from a comprehensive understanding of the problem to be solved, whether they are technical, human, societal, economic, or otherwise. This makes a multidisciplinary approach essential, with users, designers, developers, translators, project managers, and others working together. + +## Open design and Bitcoin + +Bitcoin has had the spirit of openness deeply embedded from its humble beginnings. The source code is public, participation in the network is public and unrestricted, and transferring value via the Bitcoin protocol is permissionless as well. Thousands of projects have copied ideas, techniques and code from Bitcoin to experiment and explore different directions. So it provides a fantastic foundation for designers to also contribute in this open and participatory manner. + +One might argue that Bitcoin needs open design in order to stay true to its founding values. The majority of users don't interact directly with a technical protocol, but instead with applications built on top of it. If those applications end up being controlled or manipulated, then it will not matter if the protocol is open. So it is up to the people shaping the open-source application layer to help ensure that the future of Bitcoin remains decentralized and allows for permissionless participation. + +## Values + +In open design, we... + +- collaborate and don't compete +- are transparent and share our process and work +- make it easy for others to use and build on our ideas and work +- are inclusive and help others +- are open-minded and flexible +- work multidisciplinary, because good results require different perspectives and skill sets +- continuously learn independently, and from each other +- rely on our peer group for free and communal validation of quality +- are accountable for our own actions, and have vested interest in the groups actions and goals + +And we value... + +- design ethics to make moral and responsible choices +- human design to create products for real needs and desires +- usability to create products that allow users to effectively solve their problems +- accessibility to make products usable by people with the widest possible range of abilities, in the widest possible range of situations +- aesthetics, which have a highly functional element and also influence how people feel and think + +## Getting started + +If you are completely new to open design, it can feel tricky to find a starting point in the Bitcoin ecosystem. Not only is the technology complex, but there are also few design resources available. A good starting point is the [Contribute]({{ '/contribute' | relative_url }}) page, and here are a few extra tips to help you find your way around in general: + +- Join the [Bitcoin Design Community](http://bitcoindesigners.org) on Slack and see what others are discussing. A good way to get started is by asking questions and joining conversations that interest you. Our [Community Calls](https://github.com/BitcoinDesign/Meta/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+Community+Call) and [Design Review](https://github.com/BitcoinDesign/Meta/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+Design+Review+Call+) calls are also great ways to get active. +- Download a Bitcoin wallet and experiment with small amounts. You can also use Testnet, which allows you to use all the features, but with worthless test bitcoin. Pay attention to the experience and come up with ways to improve it. +- Redesign a Bitcoin application of your choice. Even as a brief exercise, a redesign is a great way to develop deeper understanding of how something works and why certain decisions were made. +- Read, watch and listen. There is a lot of great material out there to learn more about Bitcoin. Design-focused content is unfortunately not as common but expanding into related materials (like finance) might help. +- Review your tools and workflows, and the work you produce, and consider how you can make it more public and accessible for others. + +## Licensing + +Licenses help ensure that bad actors cannot abuse this open system by taking the published work and pretend it's their own, patent it, redistribute it under a commercial license, or otherwise profit from it. A variety of licenses have been created by the open-source movement to accomodate different types of projects and situations. + +This guide is published under three different licenses ([MIT license]({{site.github_repository_url}}blob/master/LICENSE-MIT), [Apache License 2.0]({{site.github_repository_url}}blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE), and [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]({{site.github_repository_url}}blob/master/LICENSE-CC-BY)). Anyone who wants to remix it, or parts of it, may choose which one to publish their work under. You can read the full license text [here]({{site.github_repository_url}}blob/master/LICENSE). + +--- + +There is enourmous space for creativity. To find a starting point, take a look at the [visual language of bitcoin]({{ '/guide/getting-started/visual-language/' | relative_url }}). + diff --git a/guide/getting-started/personal-finance.md b/guide/getting-started/personal-finance.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e8c6b873 --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/getting-started/personal-finance.md @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ +--- +layout: guide +title: Personal finance +nav_order: 7 +parent: Getting started +permalink: /guide/getting-started/personal-finance/ +main_classes: -no-top-padding +image: /assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/personal-finance-preview.jpg +--- + + + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/personal-finance.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/personal-finance@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/personal-finance-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/personal-finance-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Bar chart showing various spending categories" + caption = "" + width = 1600 + height = 600 + layout = "full-width" +%} + +# Personal finance +{:.no_toc} + +**If we consider bitcoin a new form of money, then we should consider how we interact with existing forms of money and how bitcoin compares. This can guide us towards behavioral patterns that users may already be familiar with.** + +Money is complex and can play many different roles in our lives. Buying a new shirt is a very different transaction than buying a house or setting aside savings for retirement, and taking a payment as a store owner is very different from a child receiving allowance from parents. On a global scale, the differences multiply across countries and cultures. + +It still is possible to create simplified mental models that help us better understand user needs and behaviors. A single model might be oversimplified, but if we combine a few different lenses we can narrow in on a more complete picture that allows us to create more focused experiences, have better product differentiation, and make it easier for contributors to collaborate to make decisions. + +In this section, we use the lens of traditional personal finance to think about what type of bitcoin products we may need. Because of the unique properties of bitcoin, we cannot just imitate traditional financial products and assume that the same solutions apply. And even if we could, this might be a great opportunity to take a fresh look and design new solutions for today's world. Bitcoin is also global by nature, so make sure to consider the unique circumstances of your users lives. + +Let's take a look at six different categories of how somebody may want to organize their finances. Note that the following examples always assume that a user wants to keep as much self-custody as reasonable while balancing security and privacy. + +1. Table of contents +{:toc} + +## Day-to-day spending + + + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/coffee.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/coffee@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Coffee icon" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +This category is equivalent to how we use cash, and an often-used example is buying coffee. We typically keep small amounts of money in our wallet or purse for these types of transactions, and maybe we have planned a specific allowance for them in our monthly budgets. While some countries have fully embraced credit cards or smart phones for daily spending, other countries still prefer physical coins and bills. Many Germans, for example, prefer cash because it typically provides better privacy. + +
+ +From a portability perspective, many of these payments happen outside of our homes. This makes mobile wallet applications ideally suited, which allow us to take advantage of the unique benefits of smartphones. Convenient camera access allows for quick scanning of QR payment code and NFC support ([Near-Field Communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-field_communication){:target="_blank"}) lets us pay just by holding our phone next to a card reader. + +For small, frequent payments we generally accept more risk in exchange for convenience. It becomes more important to quickly execute a transaction than protecting the money involved from as many attack vectors as possible. While we wouldn’t carry our life savings in our pockets, we are comfortable doing so with small amounts, as it is does not have a big impact on us if they are lost or stolen. So not only do we take much fewer security precautions, financial service providers like banks do the same. One example is that you may not need to sign or enter the PIN for credit card payments if the amount is below $25. The only thing that may be required to transact is entering a 4-digit PIN or authentication via face recognition. + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/daily-spending-wallet-setup.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/daily-spending-wallet-setup@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/daily-spending-wallet-setup-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/daily-spending-wallet-setup-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Mobile and desktop wallets" + caption = "For daily spending, users may use a dedicated mobile wallet they regularly refill from a primary wallet that is better secured." + width = 1600 + height = 800 +%} + +Most stores (online and offline) don't accept bitcoin, so buying coffee is not a very realistic use case for most of us. When that time arrives, users who already pay via smartphone app or NFC-enabled credit card can easily switch to bitcoin wallet apps. A common scenario could be that users create dedicated mobile bitcoin (and lightning) wallets for on-the-go payments, in addition to having separate wallets for larger amounts. Similar to having a bank account and regularly taking out cash at an ATM, users could refill their mobile wallets. From a security perspective, the mobile wallet may use seedless private key storage, meaning that private keys are hidden from the user and stored on the device with an encrypted backup on a cloud storage provider. The primary wallet however would be more strongly secured with a [hardware wallet]({% link guide/getting-started/hardware.md %}#hardware-wallets) or even a multi signature configuration. This would mirror the primary focus of convenience over security. Beyond key management, payment interactions could be identical to what users are already familiar with. + +## Monthly budgeting + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/groceries.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/groceries@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +Rent, utilities, subscriptions, car payments, grocery bills and similar expenses need to be paid regularly on a weekly or monthly basis. Compared to discretionary day-to-day spending, these payments are higher in value, less frequent and play a more important role in our lives. We can go without an extra coffee in the afternoon, but not paying rent or water bills is typically not an option. + +
+ +While grocery bills are still one-off payments and we may visit different stores every week, many payments in this category are tied to specific service providers we have relationships with. Financial institutions also provide different mechanisms for recurring payments where businesses can regularly deduct money from accounts without customers having to confirm each one. Bitcoin transactions have to be initiated by the sender, so automated deducations would not be easily possible for non-custodial wallets. This could possibly be solved with Lightning wallets that are by default always online and allow for more complex interactions between senders and recipients. + +The amounts involved in these transactions are higher and therefore require better security. While I can carry cash with me and hand it to anyone I desire directly, monthly expenses are typically done indirectly via transfers between the banks of both parties. A manual payment might require me to log into my banks website via username and password, along with a second security mechanism like [two-factor authentication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Two-factor_authentication){:target="_blank"}. + + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/monthly-budget-wallet-setup.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/monthly-budget-wallet-setup@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/monthly-budget-wallet-setup-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/monthly-budget-wallet-setup-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "A hardware wallet and a laptop" + width = 1600 + height = 800 +%} + +A solution for bitcoin could be a hardware wallet with an accompanying desktop application. While keys are stored and transactions get signed on secure hardware, users can still enjoy the convenience of a desktop application. This avoids or reduces some of the risks involved with the mobile wallet configuration described in the first category, while adding a small amount of friction that is acceptable for transactions that occur less frequently. + +## Emergency funds + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/bandaid.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/bandaid@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +There are times when we are suddenly faced with a more expensive problem like a medical bill or home repairs, or lose our jobs and need to cover a few months of expenses. For these situations it is recommended to keep around 3-6 months of average monthly expenses. You may or may not end up needing this money, but it’s great to have when you do. + +
+ +In traditional finance, this money might get parked in a high-interest savings account or something equivalent that allows for quick low-risk withdrawal but still provides some type of return. Once the fund is set up, the money may not get touched for a long time. + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/savings-wallet-setup.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/savings-wallet-setup@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/savings-wallet-setup-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/savings-wallet-setup-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Three hardware wallets and a laptop" + width = 1600 + height = 800 +%} + +A bitcoiner may want to set up a cold storage multi signature wallet. In this type of setup, there are multiple applications or hardware devices required to make transactions. So even if one device gets stolen or is locked, the rightful owner still has access to all their funds. Since transactions are infrequent, the balance is tipped towards security over convenience. + +## Sinking funds + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/car.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/car@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +A sinking fund is a way to systematically set money aside for a planned large expense, like a new car or a down payment for a new home. The amount may be similar to emergency budgets, but the sinking fund is created for a shorter timeline. There are likely to be multiple deposits and potentially only a single withdrawal or transfer after which the fund is no longer needed. This use case does not necessarily required a dedicated account. Based on the amount, it could be covered with a dedicated account in either the wallet for monthly budgeting or savings. + +
+ +## Savings + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/safe.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/safe@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +HODLing is more than a meme, as there are many bitcoiners who create highly secure setups to store their savings away for many years. + +For example, [Glacier Protocol](https://glacierprotocol.org){:target="_blank"} is highly secure, but also requires about $600 in new equipment and takes 8 hours to set up. While it is designed as a step-by-step guide, some areas are quite complex, all in the name of reducing and avoiding different types of risk. It is an extreme example, but it illustrates well how complex the topic of practicing good security is. + +
+ +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/glacier-protocol-wallet-setup.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/glacier-protocol-wallet-setup@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/glacier-protocol-wallet-setup-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/glacier-protocol-wallet-setup-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "6 laptops, 1 smartphone and 6 USB drives" + caption="The Glacier prototcol requires a complex hardware setup that involves 6 different computers, 6 USB drives, a smartphone, printer and various other equipment." + width = 1600 + height = 800 +%} + +Many people don’t personally custody their long-term savings. They rely on banks and financial service providers to provide security and also to help manage and invest those savings. Savings accounts and related products may also incentivize customers with low interest rates that may or may not be high enough to keep up with inflation. + +## Investing + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/stocks.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/stocks@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +Investing is about putting saved money to work in the hope that it increases in value, from retirement accounts to stock investing and real estate ownership. This necessarily requires the involvement of third parties, which goes beyond the current focus of this guide. + +
+ +Since bitcoin has dramatically increased in value, many see bitcoin itself as an investment (which is so well expressed in the [HODL meme](https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/hodl){:target="_blank"}). + +## Summary +{:.no_toc} + +When designing a bitcoin product or service, it is very important to consider what role it will play in the bigger picture of how we tend to manage our finances. A clear focus can get expressed in not just the technical features, but also in how those are communicated and how users interact with them. + +This section described one of many lenses through which we can investigate bitcoin. Based on your goals, this lens may or may not be relevant to you. Make sure to pick the right perspectives for your product and also back up your assumptions with user research and testing. + + + +--- + +Looking closer at the user experience, we can identify a series of common phases that together form a [usage life cycle]({{ '/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/' | relative_url }}). diff --git a/guide/getting-started/software.md b/guide/getting-started/software.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..759098502 --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/getting-started/software.md @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +--- +layout: guide +title: Software overview +nav_order: 11 +parent: Getting started +permalink: /guide/getting-started/software/ +main_classes: -no-top-padding +image: /assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/software-preview.jpg +--- + + + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/software-overview.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/software-overview@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/hardware/software-overview-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/software-overview-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Examples of several types of bitcoin software" + caption = 'Texture by [Bilal O.](https://unsplash.com/@lightcircle){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"} on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}.' + width = 1600 + height = 600 + layout = "full-width" +%} + +# Software overview + +Finance is complex and there are many use cases, from giving weekly allowance to a child and selling goods in a store to managing multi-billion dollar retirement funds and hectic day trading. So we end up with many different application solutions for the various use cases. Bitcoin being a global currency adds another layer of complexity as the software may need to be adapted to different languages, cultures and legal frameworks. When designing, it's a good idea to have a feel for this landscape and know where your product fits. Here is an overview of several common and specialized categories. + +## Command-line interfaces (CLI) + +Primarily used by developers, command-line interfaces typically offer the most feature-rich options to interact with blockchains. They can be thought of as general-purpose tool boxes, so they require certain technical knowledge and are not optimized for specific use cases. New features are often first included in a CLI, and then later added to graphical user interfaces (GUI). + +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/cli-example.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/cli-example@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Illustrative interface of a command-line interaction" + caption = 'Command line interfaces are text-only. Texture by [Joel Filipe](https://unsplash.com/@joelfilip){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"} on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}.' + width = 800 + height = 350 +%} + +## Block explorers + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/explorer-example.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/explorer-example@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Illustrative interface for block explorer software" + caption = 'Block explorer offer insight into activiy on the bitcoin network. Texture by [Mike van den Bos](https://unsplash.com/@mike_van_den_bos){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"} on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}.' + width = 400 + height = 388 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +If a blockchain can be thought of as a public database, then explorers are simply windows into that database. They typically display the data structure as is and maybe offer some basic functionality like looking up specific transactions to verify that they were processed. + +
+ +Explorers often also provide insight into activity on the bitcoin network, like the number of daily transactions. While not essential, it can be helpful to understand this activity as it may affect design decisions. For example, there are typically fewer transactions on weekends. This results in lower fees, which is ideal for low-priority transactions. + +## Wallets + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/wallet-example.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/wallet-example@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Illustrative interface of a wallet application" + caption = "Wallet allow users to send, receive, and manage transactions." + width = 400 + height = 396 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +Wallet provide easy-to-use graphical interfaces for a wide audience. Wallets many times don't offer all functionality that can be found in a CLI, but instead focus on general use cases like making payments and browsing transactions. + +Due to the nature of open-source, wallets can be developed by anyone with the technical knowledge, and many code libraries are available to simplify this task. + +
+ +Features can vary by application, but always include wallet setup, viewing balances and transactions, as well as sending and receiving bitcoin. The range of additional features wallets may support is broad, from security and privacy to transaction management, currency exchange, to accounting and interoperability to accessibility and localization. Which features to include should be based on the specific use cases and user needs of your product. + +Some of these features come with highly complex technical challenges and can be executed in different ways. Reliance on third-party service is always a sensitive topic for bitcoin applications, as a high level of trust is required. This can also sometimes be an underlying reason why a wallet may or may not support specific features, or implement a feature in a specific manner. + +Another reason is that standards are still evolving as some of the technology is still maturing. Even fundamental aspects like address formats and how keys are generated can be implemented in various, incompatible ways. + +## Payment processors + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/point-of-sale-example.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/point-of-sale-example@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Illustrative interface for an online shop" + caption = 'Payment processors help merchants to sell good and manage inventory and accounting. Texture by [Majid Gheidarlou](https://unsplash.com/@majidvj){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"} on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}.' + width = 400 + height = 541 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +Making purchases with bitcoin is great, as long as we have stores to buy things from. Payment processing applications offer easy-to-use online stores and point-of-sale experiences, paired with more complex feature sets for merchants to manage their inventory, accounting, shipping, and integrations with other services. + +
+ +## Exchanges + +
+ +Exchanges allow for swapping between currencies and usually fall in three general categories. Consumer-focused exchanges allow for users to make trades directly with the exchange. This is ideal for occasional use. + +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/exchange-example.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/exchange-example@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Illustrative interface for exchanging bitcoin" + caption = 'Exchanges allow for trading between different currencies. Texture by [Bilal O.](https://unsplash.com/@lightcircle){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"} on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}.' + width = 400 + height = 388 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +Exchanges focused on investors and traders are marketplaces that typically list many different cryptocurrencies and allow users trade with each other by to submit buy and sell requests on currency pairs. These products are usually for experienced, regular users and filled with endless ways to analyze price movements and complex trading features. + +In between these first two categories fall decentralized exchanges. They may be focused on occasional use or trading, but are always based on an open marketplace without a central authority. + +
+ +## Nodes + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/node-ui-example.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/node-ui-example@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Illustrative interface for node software" + caption = 'Node applications connect to and participate in the bitcoin network. Texture by [okeykat](https://unsplash.com/@okeykat){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"} on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}.' + width = 400 + height = 426 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +A node connects to and participates in the bitcoin network to download and exchange transaction data. Some wallets have built-in nodes and some node software also supports wallet functionality. The minimum implementation of a node however is that of syncing data and allowing other software a user has to access it. + +
+ +## Mining + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/miner-ui-example.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/software/miner-ui-example@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Illustrative interface for mining software" + caption = 'Mining software manages hardware that helps secure the bitcoin network. Texture by [Mae Mu](https://unsplash.com/@picoftasty){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"} on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}.' + width = 400 + height = 359 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +Mining has become primarily a professional undertaking with dedicated software to manage racks of mining hardware. However, some wallets still offer mining features, and there are also cloud mining providers that allow customers to rent mining capacity. + +
+ +--- + +Some bitcoin features and functionality are best handled by [dedicated hardware]({{ '/guide/getting-started/hardware/' | relative_url }}). + + + diff --git a/guide/getting-started/technology-primer.md b/guide/getting-started/technology-primer.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..653e2c1d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/getting-started/technology-primer.md @@ -0,0 +1,357 @@ +--- +layout: guide +title: Technology primer +nav_order: 10 +parent: Getting started +permalink: /guide/getting-started/technology-primer/ +main_classes: -no-top-padding +image: /assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/technology-primer-preview.jpg +--- + + + +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/blueprint.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/blueprint@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Blueprint illustration of a bitcoin symbol" + width = 1600 + height = 800 + layout = "full-width" +%} + + +# Bitcoin technology primer + +It can take many years to understand bitcoin in every detail, but luckily you don’t need to know everything to design great products. Let’s take a look at the most important ideas and technologies behind Bitcoin by answering some basic questions. + +## Is it Bitcoin or bitcoin? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/bitcoin-capitalization.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/bitcoin-capitalization@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Bitcoin with lowercase and uppercase spelling" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +It's both. Lowercase bitcoin refers to the currency. So you may have 1 bitcoin in your [wallet]({{ '/guide/getting-started/software/#wallets' | relative_url }}). Capitalized Bitcoin refers to the protocol and payment network. + +
+ +## What is a bitcoin? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/transaction.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/transaction@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Simplified illustration of a bitcoin transaction" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" + caption = 'Texture by [Bilal O.](https://unsplash.com/@lightcircle){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"} on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}.' +%} + +Bitcoin (as in "I have 1 bitcoin") are just numbers in the database of transactions often referred to as the bitcoin block chain. + +A transaction involves sending bitcoin from one address to another. This reduces the available balance of the sending address, and increases the balance of the receiving address. A small amount is deducted to pay for the transaction fee. + +Owning a bitcoin therefore means being in control of one or more addresses that have received bitcoin. + +
+ +## How do I get an address? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/addresses.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/addresses@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Examples of addresses in a bitcoin wallet" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +Bitcoin wallet software can generate as many addresses as you need. Note that addresses are generated on your own computer. They follow a specific format, but there is no centralized system to verify or approve them. Valid addresses can even be generated on computers that have never been online. + +It is best practice to use a new address for every transaction. The Bitcoin network does not store why transactions were made, so it is common to use addresses as invoice IDs or payment IDs. As transaction data is public and can be analyzed, using many different addresses also provides privacy benefits by making it harder to trace how you receive and spend bitcoin. + +
+ +## What's my balance? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/balance.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/balance@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "A ledger for calculating a balance" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +The Bitcoin network does not store your balance. This value is dynamically calculated by summing up all bitcoin you have received on your addresses, and subtracting bitcoin you spent. + +To do this, a wallet application needs to know your full transaction history in order to calculate how much bitcoin you have. + +
+ +## Do I need to remember all my addresses? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/derivation.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/derivation@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Flowchart showing how addresses are derived from recovery phrases" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +No. Most wallets generate them using a standard called [Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki){:target="_blank"}. All your addresses and private keys are derived from a single piece of information, called the recovery phrase. + +This makes backing up your wallet fairly easy, as you only need to securely store your recovery phrase to restore your wallet. However, it also concentrates the risk of having your bitcoin stolen or lost to this one piece of information. Because of this, supporting and guiding users in backing up and securing their wallets is one of the most fundamental goals for designers. + +
+ +## How do you control an address? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/address-and-private-key.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/address-and-private-key@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Combination of an address and a private key" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +As we now know, bitcoin are just numbers linked to addresses. An address can receive bitcoin, but in oder to spend those bitcoin, a private key is needed. Wallets actually create private keys first, and then derive matching addresses from them. While an address can be publicly shared, the private key should be kept a secret. + +Wallet software typically hides private keys from users, as there is no need to interact with them directly. + +
+ +## How are private keys and addresses connected? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/encryption.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/encryption@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Chart showing encryption and decryption of a message during communication" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +A private key is used to scramble information. The matching public key (which we call an address in Bitcoin) can unscramble the information again. This allows for the transfer of information without any third party being able to understand it. + +Note that there is a strong element of identity in this mechanism, as it ensures that only the recipient can unscramble the message while also being able to verify that the message actually came from the expected sender. This requires that both parties securely exchange public keys with each other in a secure way. + +**More info** +- [Public key cryptography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography){:target="_blank"} + +
+ +## Signature + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/signature.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/signature@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Illustration of a transaction signature" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +Since a private key can be used to prove that the holder controls a specific address, it can therefore authorize transactions from the address. This is called a digital signature. + +One of the most important activities of the Bitcoin network is to verify that signatures are valid. + +
+ +## So are all my transactions encrypted? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/public.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/public@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Several eyes looking at a bitcoin transaction" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +No. Transactions are stored in a plain format in the Bitcoin network for anyone with an internet connection to see and analyze. This allows for observers to verify that all transactions in the system are valid and that nobody spends bitcoin they don't have. This transparency is unique to Bitcoin compared to any other traditional currency. At the same time it introduces potential privacy problems. + +**More info** +- [Explorer software]({{ '/guide/getting-started/software/#block-explorers' | relative_url }}) + +
+ +## How are transactions processed? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/mempool.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/mempool@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "A user wallet pushing a transaction into the mempool" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" + caption = 'Texture by [Emilio Garcia](https://unsplash.com/@piensaenpixel){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"} on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}.' +%} + +Every transaction needs to be confirmed before the recipient can consider the involved bitcoin theirs. This waiting line for new transactions is called the mempool. The Bitcoin network can only process a certain amount of transactions per day, so it may take longer to process your transactions during busy times. Transactions that involve higher fees are typically processed faster. + +
+ +## How are transactions confirmed? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/mining-a-block.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/mining-a-block@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Transactions moving from the mempool into a block" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" + caption = 'Texture by [Thom Milkovic](https://unsplash.com/@thommilkovic){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"} on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}.' +%} + +This function is performed by miners, which are computers that group new transactions from the mempool into blocks and try to get those blocks accepted by the Bitcoin network. They are called miners because the creation of new blocks is rewarded by freshly minted bitcoin. This is the only way bitcoin are created, which creates heavy competition around mining. + +Once a transaction is in a block that has been accepted by the network, it is considered as having one confirmation. With every new block created, the number of confirmations of this particular block increases. + +**More info** +- Mining [software]({{ '/guide/getting-started/software/#mining' | relative_url }}) and [hardware]({{ '/guide/getting-started/hardware/#miners' | relative_url }}) + +
+ +## What is a block? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/block.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/block@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Simplified block graphic containing multiple transactions" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +Instead of processing each transaction individually, the Bitcoin network bundles them into blocks. Blocks are created roughly every 10 minutes, and can only contain a certain amount of transactions due to a strict file size limit. Once a block is accepted and has several confirmations, it can never be changed again. + +
+ +## What makes it a block chain? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/blockchain.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/blockchain@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Several blocks chained together via their hashes" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +This term refers to the linking of blocks by embedding a hash (a digital fingerprint) of one block into the next one. This allows for verifying that new blocks are based on the same history of blocks that nodes in the Bitcoin network have already agreed upon. + +
+ +## What is a hash? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/hashing.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/hashing@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Example of a message and it's hash" + caption = "Example of a SHA-256 hash." + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +Another fundamental technique to cryptography and Bitcoin is called hashing. It is the process of taking data and applying a function that creates a unique identifier for it. This is called a hash and can be thought of as a fingerprint. + +Unlike encryption, a hash does not contain the original data and the hashing process cannot be reversed. Since hashes are small in size, they are a great way to verify the authenticity of information. + +
+ +## What is a node? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/node.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/node@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Several computers connected to form a network" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +While miners create blocks, nodes verify, distribute and store blocks. Just like miners, nodes are computers communicating with each other, constantly exchanging information to ensure that the rules of the Bitcoin protocol are adhered to. + +With thousands of nodes all over the world, operated by many different people, it becomes almost impossible to manipulate data this network has agreed upon. It would require at least half of these nodes to collude. + +**More info** +- Node [software]({{ '/guide/getting-started/software/#nodes' | relative_url }}) and [hardware]({{ '/guide/getting-started/hardware/#nodes' | relative_url }}) + +
+ +### There's a lot more + +These are some of the basic technological concepts that make Bitcoin work. Each one individually is complex, and the interplay between them is a whole other area of interest. Dive into the other chapters in this guide to explore the technnology and its applications in more detail. + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/whitepaper.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/technology/whitepaper@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Illustration of the first page of the Bitcoin white paper" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +Now, if you'd like to go all the way to the beginning of Bitcoin, the most fundamental read is the [Bitcoin whitepaper](https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf){:target="_blank"}. Published on October 31, 2008 by the mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto, it lays out the fundamental system design in only 9 short pages. It is not necessarily an easy read, but still highly recommended reading. + +
+ +--- + +Take a look at how these technologies are implemented in the various types of [bitcoin software]({{ '/guide/getting-started/software/' | relative_url }}). diff --git a/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle.md b/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..382cae7c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle.md @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +--- +layout: guide +title: Usage life cycle +nav_order: 8 +parent: Getting started +permalink: /guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/ +main_classes: -no-top-padding +image: /assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/usage-life-cycle-preview.jpg +--- + + + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/usage-life-cycle.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/usage-life-cycle@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/usage-life-cycle-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/usage-life-cycle-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Abstract illustrations of phases in the usage life cycle" + caption = "" + width = 1600 + height = 600 + layout = "full-width" +%} + +# Usage life cycle +{:.no_toc} + +We have all mastered different skills and tools that we care about or use frequently. Many times we forget what the initial struggles were once we reach a certain comfort level. A similar change happens when we develop products. We learn and internalize different mechanisms and logic and what was once hard becomes intuitive, and we my end up building things with overwhelming learning curves. So it's a healthy habit to regularly take a step back and look through the eyes users at different levels of experience with your product. + +The following 6 sections outline different phases of a typical usage life cycle, from somebody who has never heard of your product all the way to them becoming a power user. It is helpful to think through each phase and consider what the current user needs are, what their understanding of bitcoin and your product likely is, and how you can help them successfully navigate. + +## Unaware + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/unaware.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/unaware@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Coffee icon" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +Every user starts here and most remain in this phase. At this point, they have never heard or seen your company or product before. + +
+ +## Aware + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/aware.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/aware@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Coffee icon" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +A user hears about the service for the first time. This could be via a word of mouth recommendation, advertising, a news article, social media, or any other channel. Whichever it may be, this exposure is usually extremely short and limited, so it’s important that the purpose and benefits of your product are clear. Users already start to form a mental model from the first contact with your product. If it appears trustworthy and well-considered from the start, they will expect their future interactions to be the same. The same applies if your product looks intimidating or buggy. + +
+ +## Interested + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/interested.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/interested@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Coffee icon" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +A user becomes interested in your product. Maybe they have heard about it several times or their first interaction was convincing enough that they decide to try the product. At this point, they generally understand the benefits and likely have a need for the product that they are looking to address. They evaluate your product, and you as the creator, from multiple perspectives to make an informed decision whether to move forward. "Is this a convenient way to get done what I want to do? Can I trust this product and its creators? What can I lose? Can I get out if something geos wrong?" These are some of the questions they may have and if most can be answered positively, users take the next steps. + +
+ +## First use + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/first-use.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/first-use@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Coffee icon" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +The user tries the service for the first time. They made an intentional decision to move forward and expect to be satisfied. They are still not very familiar with exactly how your product works, and their expectations may not match what your product actually offers. Thefore it is very important to pay close attention to the design of the first-time use, also known as onboarding experience. Users should be able to quickly and successfully achieve the task they have in mind, while getting introduced to the basic concepts and best practices for using your product. This experience sets expectations for future interactions. If the first use is frustrating, users are less likely to come back as they weight off whether the trouble is worth the benefit. + +
+ +## Regular use + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/repeat-use.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/repeat-use@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Coffee icon" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +Through repeat use, the user becomes more familiar with the service and starts using more features, in a more sophisticated manner. Their mental model of your product becomes more complete and closer to yours. Repeat use also implies that users have begun to make your product part of their lives. While first-time users are typically non-commital, repeat users have stronger expectations, while also being willing to put in more work to get the most our of your product. + +
+ +## Passionate use + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/passionate-use.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/passionate-use@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Coffee icon" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +These are expert users with high expectations. They will express strong wishes, provide feedback and also spread the word to potential new users. Very few users actually make it to this phase, and you should have a special relationship with them. They can be your strongest promoters and also help push the product further by engaging with you and your team. + +
+ +--- + +## A leaky bucket + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/dropoff.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/usage-life-cycle/dropoff@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Coffee icon" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +Some users disappear at every step in the life cycle. If you understand where and why they drop off, you have a better chance at fixing those issues and hopefully getting more and more passionate, satisfied users. + +There are various [user research]({{ '/guide/getting-started/user research/' | relative_url }}) techniques that can help identify these types of issues. + +
+ +--- + +The usage life cycle is based on product familiarity. Another helpful way of thinking about user experiences is to consider [common user flows]({{ '/guide/getting-started/common-user-flows/' | relative_url }}). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/guide/getting-started/user-research.md b/guide/getting-started/user-research.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bab15470c --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/getting-started/user-research.md @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ +--- +layout: guide +title: User research +nav_order: 6 +parent: Getting started +permalink: /guide/getting-started/user-research/ +main_classes: -no-top-padding +image: /assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/user-research-preview.jpg +--- + + + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/user-research-header.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/user-research-header@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/user-research-header-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/user-research-header-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Illustration of post-its on a wall with terms related to user research written on them" + caption = '' + width = 1600 + height = 600 + layout = "full-width" +%} + +# User research + +We design digital products for the benefit of others. In order to do that, we need to understand who those others are, as well as their unique needs, desires, and behaviors. A comprehensive design strategy balances user needs with considerations around the technology, business models, societal and economic impact, and other factors. But here in this section, we will focus on understanding users better. + +## Why user research? + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/user-research.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/user-research@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +**In short, user research helps teams create better products in a more focused and efficient manner.** + +Prioritizing on the features and improvements that make the biggest difference is crucial. What exactly those are is often a matter of heavy debate with clashing opinions and rationale. A great way to get past individual opinions is to make data-informed decisions. User research creates data from the start and end points of our efforts. Products are created because there are specific unaddressed needs, then they go through development and finally back in the hands of the target audience for use and evaluation. Many times we are too occupied with the complexities of development, but the real measure of success is whether user needs are satisfied well. + +
+ +User research allows us to effectively connect these dots and highlight the quickest path between them. This results in more appropriate product roadmaps, more focused team efforts, and happier users. This is especially important for projects with limited resources, which many open-source efforts are. + +## Unique aspects of user research in Bitcoin + +There are many ways in which research and development are similar to other digital products. As to not repeat techniques and approaches that have been well-documented elsewhere, let's look at some areas in which Bitcoin may be different and unique. + +### Global audiences and use cases + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/global-audience.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/global-audience@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Illustration of a globe with scattered pins" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +Most digital products start with a specific country, culture, language or legal framework in mind. This is especially true for financial applications, which are typically highly regulated and need to slowly and strategically evolve. While Bitcoin did start with a single language, its use case was not tied to any particular context, and this has resulted in a much more diverse user base from the start. + +This has resulted in diverse and lively online commmunities that are deeply invested in bitcoin. Designers and researchers have vast amounts of public conversation at their hands that allow them to better understand user needs and issues. These communities are also great for direct interaction to brainstorm ideas, get feedback on potential solutions, and get users involved in the design process. + +Some of the following links have been around for a long time and provide a huge archive and history of information and conversation around bitcoin: +- [Bitcoin on Github](https://github.com/bitcoin) +- [Bitcoin mailing list](https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/bitcoin-dev) +- [Bitcointalk](https://bitcointalk.org/) +- [Bitcoin subreddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/bitcoin) + +
+ +### An unknowable userbase + +The bitcoin protocol works with addresses and has otherwise no sense of identity that allows us to find out who actually uses the system and performs various functions. Analyzing the blockchain allows for some basic analyis of transaction behavior, but it cannot be tied to specific persons or even locations. While this is generally a fantastic user benefit for privacy and security, it makes it harder to understand user behavior and recruiting users for research. + +### It's a public ledger + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/public-ledger.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/public-ledger@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Privacy" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +While we cannot know who is directly responsible for the activity, we can analyze the overall network activity. No other currency in history has had a complete and accurate database of all transactions. What can we learn from this data that allows us to improve the system for users? + +
+ +### New and evolving technology + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/adoption.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/adoption@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Chart showing the technology adoption curve" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +New technologies can take decades to reach adoption by mainstream audiences. Bitcoin is still early in the adoption curve, which affects research in multiple ways. For one, early adopters have different use cases and needs than users who will discover Bitcoin in the future. Products designed for todays user base may be inappropriate soon. + +Secondly, as the technology is maturing, its capabilities evolve as well. Scaling and performance improvements make complex transactions more affordable, better privacy and security properties allow individuals to more easily self-custody, and much more. There is an interplay between the size of the user base and the maturity of the technology. + +For user research, this means that findings may become outdated more quickly as they are more closely linked to a specific point in time. + + + +
+ +### Open source and open design + +While there are plenty of private companies that build on Bitcoin, but this guide focuses on open-source. In open-source, collaboration is based on communal efforts that mostly happen in public. Find out more on our dedicated page on [open design]({{ '/guide/getting-started/open-design/' | relative_url }}). + + + +### Privacy + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/private.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/user-research/private@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Privacy" + width = 100 + height = 100 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +User research should not be a one-sided extraction of information, but a collaboration between researchers and users to find better solutions. Since research efforts are initiated by researchers, it is up to them to create frameworks that respect the privacy and agency of users. That means full upfront disclosure, open collaboration, and a mutual understanding of how research results will be used. + +
+ + + +## Resources + +Join the discussion in the [#research channel](https://bitcoindesign.slack.com/archives/C015DQEPCHJ) on the Bitcoin Design Slack. + + + +--- + +Frameworks are helpful tools to organize user behavior. Our next section introduces one with a focus on [personal finance]({{ '/guide/getting-started/personal-finance/' | relative_url }}). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/guide/getting-started/visual-language.md b/guide/getting-started/visual-language.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3db7b67ee --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/getting-started/visual-language.md @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ +--- +layout: guide +title: Visual language +nav_order: 5 +parent: Getting started +permalink: /guide/getting-started/visual-language/ +image: /assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/visual-language-preview.jpg +--- + + + +# The visual language of bitcoin + +Since Bitcoin does not have a central authority, there is no specific symbol or style that we can consider official. However, there is a large body of community art and design work, along with a few proposals that ended up being highly influential. Let's start with some key moments that led us to the visual that many of us associate with Bitcoin today. + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/satoshi-2010.png" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/satoshi-2010@2x.png" + alt-text = "The original Bitcoin symbol from 2010" + width = 140 + height = 140 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +### Original symbol + +This original icon was a golden coin with bold initial "BC" inscribed, created by Satoshi Nakamoto for the original Bitcoin Core client. + +
+ +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/early-bitcoin-core-wallet.jpg" + alt-text = "Screenshot of an early version of the Bitcoin Core application" + caption = "The original logo in an early version of the Bitcoin Core wallet." + width = 640 + height = 300 +%} + +
+ +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/satoshi-update-2010.png" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/satoshi-update-2010@2x.png" + alt-text = "Updated version of the Bitcoin symbool" + width = 140 + height = 140 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +### Updated symbol + +On February 24, 2010, Satoshi posted an updated icon that adopted the capital "B" with two vertical lines ([archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20130524055823/https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=64.0), [bitcointalk.org](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=64.0)). + +
+ +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/bitboy-2011.png" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/bitboy-2011@2x.png" + alt-text = "A new version of the Bitcoin symbol that we still use today" + width = 140 + height = 140 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +### Bitboy + +On November 1, 2010, a user named bitboy proposed a new icon and set of promotional graphics on the Bitcointalk forum ([archive.org](https://web.archive.org/web/20130524191250/https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1631.0), [bitcointalk.org](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1631.0)). This iteration embraced a simple, flat style with the hex color #F7931A and a 14-degree rotation. + +
+ +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/bitboy-promotional-graphics.png" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/bitboy-promotional-graphics@2x.png" + alt-text = "Promotional Bitcoin graphics like buttons and stickers" + caption = "Promotional graphics created by bitboy." + width = 573 + height = 567 +%} + +
+ +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/unicode-symbol.png" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/unicode-symbol@2x.png" + alt-text = "Bitcoin unicode symbol" + width = 140 + height = 140 + layout = "float-left" +%} + +### Unicode symbol + +The unicode symbol for Bitcoin (₿) was introduced in [Unicode 10.0.0](http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/) on June 20, 2017. This was an important step for establishing Bitcoin as a currency symbol alongside the US Dollar ($), Euro (€) and others. Few fonts support the symbol as of late 2020. + +
+ +## Beyond the symbol + +Because Bitcoin is such an open project, there have been endless creative explorations and visualizations. Below are a few categories to provide structure. + +### Memes + +From moon lambos to the price rollercoaster, memes naturally arise from the sheer infinite conversations of Bitcoiners around the globe. Certain graphics, stories, jokes and ideas stick and spread and become recognizable visuals by the community and are remixed and repeated over and over. + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/memes.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/memes@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Examples of popular bitcoin memes" + caption = "References from top left to bottom right, 1, 2, unknown author, 4, unknown author, unknown author." + width = 800 + height = 421 +%} + +
+ +### The gold metaphor + +Most likely stemming from the original depication as a gold coin, there is a common style of illustration based on this idea. This also builds on the narrative of Bitcoin being a type of digital gold, for which additional elements of binary code or electrical circuits are also often added. On the other end of the spectrum of realism is the depiction of Bitcoin in the style of video game coins, which is more relatable than gold coins to a digital native audience. + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/metaphors.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/metaphors@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Examples of illustrations of bitcoin as a physical coin or gold" + caption = "References from top left to bottom right, unknown author, 2, unknown author, unknown author, 4, 5." + width = 800 + height = 500 +%} + +
+ +### Illustrations + +Magazines, blogs and other publications often hire professional illustrators to create custom visuals for specific stories. Additionally, companies that integrate or build on Bitcoin also frequently create unique marketing materials. Because Bitcoin does not have any official style, we see many different visual expressions in these illustrations. + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/illustrations.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/illustrations@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Examples of professional illustrations involving bitcoin" + caption = "References from top left to bottom right, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11." + width = 800 + height = 608 +%} + +
+ +## The expression scale + +A good way to think about the visual language of Bitcoin is of a scale that ranges from minimal to highly expressive. Despite the images below looking and communicating so differently, they can all still be recognized as capturing Bitcoin. One of the great aspects of a public, community-owned identities like the one Bitcoin has, is that all of these expressions are equally legitimate and valid. This provides enormous creative freedom to designers that we should explore and take advantage of. + +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/expression-scale.png" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/visual-language/expression-scale@2x.png" + alt-text = "Sequence of images showing the bitcoin symbol illustrated in mininimal and expressive ways" + caption = "" + width = 800 + height = 133 +%} + +In digital product design, there are times when a minimally expressive approach is most appropriate. For example, when a user makes a transaction, we want them to be highly focused and not distract them with graphics. At other times, illustrations and stronger visual elements are more appropriate, and this is where we can take advantage of the creative freedom Bitcoin affords. + +--- + +As you have seen, the expression if bitcoin is shaped by its user base. This brings us to our next topic, which is [user-research]({{ '/guide/getting-started/user-research/' | relative_url }}). + diff --git a/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique.md b/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..315021b2c --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique.md @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +--- +layout: guide +title: Why bitcoin is unique +nav_order: 2 +parent: Getting started +permalink: /guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique/ +main_classes: -no-top-padding +image: /assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique/why-bitcoin-is-unique-preview.jpg +--- + + + +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique/why-bitcoin-is-unique.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique/why-bitcoin-is-unique@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique/why-bitcoin-is-unique-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique/why-bitcoin-is-unique-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Four identical shapes and one unique shape" + caption = "" + width = 1600 + height = 500 + layout = "full-width" +%} + +# Why Bitcoin is unique + +The internet has changed the world. Barriers to global communication and the exchange of information have been reduced to almost nothing. Bitcoin adds another important dimension to this and brings us a natively digital method for storing and transfering value. + + + +## It's money, but digital + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique/internet-money.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique/internet-money@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Illustration of a dollar bill, a euro bill and a smartphone showing a one bitcoin balance" + caption = "" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +The economic definition of money typically involves three specific [functions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money#Functions) (medium of exchange, unit of account, store of value) and five [properties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money#Properties) (durability, portability, fungibility, scarcity, divisibility, recognizability). Although bitcoin is a new breed of money, it still satisfies all of these requirements. Instead of relying on physical properties (like gold and silver) or trust in central authorities (like traditional currencies), bitcoin relies on a network of thousands of computers to enforce its mathematically defined ruleset. + +
+ +## You own it + +When we carry cash, we are fully in control of its value. When we purchase something and give the cash away, its gone. Online banking and payments rely on third parties that hold our money for us and allow us to access it through their websites and applications. Bitcoin manages to combine the benefits of cash as a bearer instrument, with the convenience of online banking. When you control your bitcoin private keys, nobody in the world can take your bitcoin. + +## Global by default + +Bitcoin can be used by anyone with an internet connection, which is available to around [53.6% of the world population](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Internet_usage), a number that is growing quickly. Some aspects of bitcoin, like key and address generation, even work without being online. This makes it the first truly globally available form of money that is unbound by country borders. People from around the world can freely transact without having to rely on middlemen like currency exchanges and local payment services. + +## All participants are treated equally + +
+ +{% include image.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique/equality.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-bitcoin-is-unique/equality@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "Chart showing how the Bitcoin network relies on addresses and not real-life identities" + caption = "" + width = 400 + height = 400 + layout = "float-right-desktop" +%} + +Bitcoin as a technical protocol relies on addresses and does not work with concepts of persons, real-life identities or even user names. Individuals, companies, governments and anyone else interact with it on a level playing field with the same rights and benefits. At a fundamental level no group can shut another group out and censor transactions or confiscate bitcoin. This naturally only applies to bitcoin itself and services built on bitcoin may enforce identity verification and discriminate between users. + +
+ +## It complements existing financial systems + +Around [1.7 billion adults](https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/sites/globalfindex/files/chapters/2017%20Findex%20full%20report_chapter2.pdf) do not have access to banking services, including roughly [55 million US citizens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unbanked#The_unbanked_in_the_United_States). Reasons may include that lack of availability of financial services, lack of trustworthy institutions, or exclusion of certain parts of the population due to their legal, social or financial status. Bitcoin has the potential to serve these individuals, as it is an unbiased, open, and public network. This can be an incredibly equalizing force for many people and use cases and opens up new economic opportunities. + +## It is open-source + +How many currencies and payment networks allow anyone to just show up, participate and contribute? This has traditionally not been possible since those systems rely on central authorities to function. Bitcoin relies on thousands of volunteer contributors to collaboratively keep the system running, evolve it, and build services on top of it. This community of passionate contributors creates the free software that keeps bitcoin running and allows everyone else to interact with it as they desire. + +--- + +Continue on and find out why you should [design for bitcoin]({{ '/guide/getting-started/why-design-for-bitcoin/' | relative_url }}). diff --git a/guide/getting-started/why-design-for-bitcoin.md b/guide/getting-started/why-design-for-bitcoin.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..321ccd3d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/getting-started/why-design-for-bitcoin.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +--- +layout: guide +title: Why design for bitcoin +nav_order: 3 +parent: Getting started +permalink: /guide/getting-started/why-design-for-bitcoin/ +main_classes: -no-top-padding +image: /assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-design-for-bitcoin/why-design-for-bitcoin-preview.jpg +--- + + + +{% include picture.html + image = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-design-for-bitcoin/why-design-for-bitcoin.jpg" + retina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-design-for-bitcoin/why-design-for-bitcoin@2x.jpg" + mobile = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-design-for-bitcoin/why-design-for-bitcoin-mobile.jpg" + mobileRetina = "/assets/images/guide/getting-started/why-design-for-bitcoin/why-design-for-bitcoin-mobile@2x.jpg" + alt-text = "A white bitcoin symbol with paint drawn on the right half" + caption = 'Paint texture by [Geordanna Cordero](https://unsplash.com/@geordannatheartist"){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"} on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com"){:target="_blank" rel="nofollow"}' + width = 1600 + height = 600 + layout = "full-width" +%} + +# Why design for bitcoin + +At first, bitcoin may sound primarily like a complex technical innovation. A closer inspection reveals exciting new opportunities for designers to shape user experiences that can make a fundamental difference for people around the world. So much of our lives is tied to money and financial systems, yet we sometimes have so little control or influence. Bitcoin has the potential to balance this, and its up to us to make it a reality. + +## Be on the cutting edge + +The bitcoin white paper was released in 2008. Over a decade later, it is still a young and maturing technology full of potential. Like working early on the internet, there are big and exciting questions to be discussed and design decisions to be made. Designing for bitcoin is a fantastic and rewarding challenge. + +## Permissionless + +The idea that there are no gatekeepers is baked into the foundation of bitcoin and its ecosystem. A bitcoin wallet designed by you is just as official as one created by the biggest corporation. + +## Blaze the trail + +There are still very few dedicated designers working in the bitcoin ecosystem. As we have seen with the evolution of the internet, it takes time for the world to adopt new technology. If you are curious and excited about new challenges, here's your chance. + +## Design for your needs + +Many bitcoin projects start by identifying an unmet need. Unlike traditional finance, the barriers to entry are incredibly low. So if you were ever unhappy with the service of your bank for financial provider, here's your chance to shape something better. + +## Work in public + +Bitcoin is open-source, and designing for bitcoin allows you also work on the same ideas of publicly sharing and collaborating on design information. Free from the structures of agencies and corporations, open collaboration allows every participant to have a voice and shape the way they work based on their interests and preferences. Find out more about [open design]({{ '/guide/getting-started/open-design/' | relative_url }}). + +## Design money + +Money is a powerful force and therefore heavily regulated and controlled. The composition of bitcoin allows us to trust in its value and availability while also providing vast freedom to experiment and build on top of it. The emergence of thousands of so-called alternative coins, hundreds of wallets and the many bitcoin businesses are the clearest signifier as to just how open this space is. + +## Join a global community + +The doors are wide open and bitcoin design is discussed publicly online and any social media service you can think of. Design and build with friends and strangers, participate in the various communities and help shape an ecosystem for design and creativity. + +--- + +Dive deeper into what [open design]({{ '/guide/getting-started/open-design/' | relative_url }}) means. + +