From 1994e38b9072e597ba16785a018593a21b9060a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: fanquake <fanquake@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 6 May 2023 12:04:30 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#17860: fuzz: BIP 30, CVE-2018-17144

fa2d8b61f9343d350b67357a12f39b613c8ee8ad fuzz: BIP 42, BIP 30, CVE-2018-17144 (MarcoFalke)
faae7d5c00c99b0f3e99a1fbffbf369645716dd1 Move LoadVerifyActivateChainstate to ChainTestingSetup (MarcoFalke)
fa26e3462a0fb1a9ad116ed58afa6897798f2c24 Avoid dereferencing interruption_point if it is nullptr (MarcoFalke)
fa846ee074822160077f3f7476b2af62a876dec7 test: Add util to mine invalid blocks (MarcoFalke)

Pull request description:

  Add a validation fuzz test for BIP 30 and CVE-2018-17144

ACKs for top commit:
  dergoegge:
    Code review ACK fa2d8b61f9343d350b67357a12f39b613c8ee8ad
  mzumsande:
    Tested ACK fa2d8b61f9343d350b67357a12f39b613c8ee8ad

Tree-SHA512: 1f4620cc078709487abff24b304a6bb4eeab2e7628b392e2bc6de9cc0ce6745c413388ede6e93025d0c56eec905607ba9786633ef183e5779bf5183cc9ff92c0
---
 src/Makefile.test.include           |   1 +
 src/bench/block_assemble.cpp        |   2 +-
 src/node/coinstats.cpp              |   2 +-
 src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp           |   6 +-
 src/test/fuzz/utxo_total_supply.cpp | 167 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/test/util/mining.cpp            |  48 +++++++-
 src/test/util/mining.h              |  12 +-
 src/test/util/setup_common.h        |   5 +
 8 files changed, 229 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/test/fuzz/utxo_total_supply.cpp

diff --git a/src/Makefile.test.include b/src/Makefile.test.include
index 432bf0a0688e..b313d2c02b8d 100644
--- a/src/Makefile.test.include
+++ b/src/Makefile.test.include
@@ -364,6 +364,7 @@ test_fuzz_fuzz_SOURCES = \
  test/fuzz/tx_out.cpp \
  test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp \
  test/fuzz/utxo_snapshot.cpp \
+ test/fuzz/utxo_total_supply.cpp \
  test/fuzz/validation_load_mempool.cpp \
  test/fuzz/versionbits.cpp
 endif # ENABLE_FUZZ_BINARY
diff --git a/src/bench/block_assemble.cpp b/src/bench/block_assemble.cpp
index 01832712b706..7d077e02eab7 100644
--- a/src/bench/block_assemble.cpp
+++ b/src/bench/block_assemble.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ static void AssembleBlock(benchmark::Bench& bench)
     std::array<CTransactionRef, NUM_BLOCKS - COINBASE_MATURITY + 1> txs;
     for (size_t b{0}; b < NUM_BLOCKS; ++b) {
         CMutableTransaction tx;
-        tx.vin.push_back(MineBlock(test_setup->m_node, SCRIPT_PUB));
+        tx.vin.push_back(CTxIn{MineBlock(test_setup->m_node, SCRIPT_PUB)});
         tx.vin.back().scriptSig = scriptSig;
         tx.vout.emplace_back(1337, SCRIPT_PUB);
         if (NUM_BLOCKS - b >= COINBASE_MATURITY)
diff --git a/src/node/coinstats.cpp b/src/node/coinstats.cpp
index c31509e15304..ae6c8f14042d 100644
--- a/src/node/coinstats.cpp
+++ b/src/node/coinstats.cpp
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ static bool GetUTXOStats(CCoinsView* view, BlockManager& blockman, CCoinsStats&
     uint256 prevkey;
     std::map<uint32_t, Coin> outputs;
     while (pcursor->Valid()) {
-        interruption_point();
+        if (interruption_point) interruption_point();
         COutPoint key;
         Coin coin;
         if (pcursor->GetKey(key) && pcursor->GetValue(coin)) {
diff --git a/src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp b/src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp
index c973fa9582c5..4d81d17f6136 100644
--- a/src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp
+++ b/src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ void initialize_tx_pool()
     g_setup = testing_setup.get();
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 2 * COINBASE_MATURITY; ++i) {
-        CTxIn in = MineBlock(g_setup->m_node, CScript() << OP_TRUE);
-        // Remember the txids to avoid expensive disk acess later on
+        COutPoint prevout{MineBlock(g_setup->m_node, CScript() << OP_TRUE)};
+        // Remember the txids to avoid expensive disk access later on
         auto& outpoints = i < COINBASE_MATURITY ?
                               g_outpoints_coinbase_init_mature :
                               g_outpoints_coinbase_init_immature;
-        outpoints.push_back(in.prevout);
+        outpoints.push_back(prevout);
     }
     SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
 }
diff --git a/src/test/fuzz/utxo_total_supply.cpp b/src/test/fuzz/utxo_total_supply.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..85f075574fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/fuzz/utxo_total_supply.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2020 The Bitcoin Core developers
+// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
+// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
+
+#include <chainparams.h>
+#include <consensus/consensus.h>
+#include <consensus/merkle.h>
+#include <node/coinstats.h>
+#include <node/miner.h>
+#include <script/interpreter.h>
+#include <streams.h>
+#include <test/fuzz/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
+#include <test/fuzz/fuzz.h>
+#include <test/fuzz/util.h>
+#include <test/util/mining.h>
+#include <test/util/setup_common.h>
+#include <validation.h>
+#include <version.h>
+
+FUZZ_TARGET(utxo_total_supply)
+{
+    /** The testing setup that creates a chainman only (no chainstate) */
+    ChainTestingSetup test_setup{
+        CBaseChainParams::REGTEST,
+        {
+            "-testactivationheight=bip34@2",
+        },
+    };
+    // Create chainstate
+    // In Dash, chainstate is loaded in TestingSetup constructor
+    auto& node{test_setup.m_node};
+    auto& chainman{*Assert(test_setup.m_node.chainman)};
+    FuzzedDataProvider fuzzed_data_provider(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+
+    const auto ActiveHeight = [&]() {
+        LOCK(cs_main);
+        return chainman.ActiveHeight();
+    };
+    const auto PrepareNextBlock = [&]() {
+        // Use OP_FALSE to avoid BIP30 check from hitting early
+        auto block = PrepareBlock(node, CScript{} << OP_FALSE);
+        // Replace OP_FALSE with OP_TRUE
+        {
+            CMutableTransaction tx{*block->vtx.back()};
+            tx.vout.at(0).scriptPubKey = CScript{} << OP_TRUE;
+            block->vtx.back() = MakeTransactionRef(tx);
+        }
+        return block;
+    };
+
+    /** The block template this fuzzer is working on */
+    auto current_block = PrepareNextBlock();
+    /** Append-only set of tx outpoints, entries are not removed when spent */
+    std::vector<std::pair<COutPoint, CTxOut>> txos;
+    /** The utxo stats at the chain tip */
+    std::unique_ptr<node::CCoinsStats> utxo_stats = std::make_unique<node::CCoinsStats>(node::CoinStatsHashType::NONE);
+    /** The total amount of coins in the utxo set */
+    CAmount circulation{0};
+
+
+    // Store the tx out in the txo map
+    const auto StoreLastTxo = [&]() {
+        // get last tx
+        const CTransaction& tx = *current_block->vtx.back();
+        // get last out
+        const uint32_t i = tx.vout.size() - 1;
+        // store it
+        txos.emplace_back(COutPoint{tx.GetHash(), i}, tx.vout.at(i));
+        if (current_block->vtx.size() == 1 && tx.vout.at(i).scriptPubKey[0] == OP_RETURN) {
+            // also store coinbase
+            const uint32_t i = tx.vout.size() - 2;
+            txos.emplace_back(COutPoint{tx.GetHash(), i}, tx.vout.at(i));
+        }
+    };
+    const auto AppendRandomTxo = [&](CMutableTransaction& tx) {
+        const auto& txo = txos.at(fuzzed_data_provider.ConsumeIntegralInRange<size_t>(0, txos.size() - 1));
+        tx.vin.emplace_back(txo.first);
+        tx.vout.emplace_back(txo.second.nValue, txo.second.scriptPubKey); // "Forward" coin with no fee
+    };
+    const auto UpdateUtxoStats = [&]() {
+        LOCK(cs_main);
+        chainman.ActiveChainstate().ForceFlushStateToDisk();
+        node::CCoinsStats new_stats{node::CoinStatsHashType::NONE};
+        [[maybe_unused]] bool success = node::GetUTXOStats(&chainman.ActiveChainstate().CoinsDB(), chainman.m_blockman, new_stats, {});
+        assert(success);
+        utxo_stats = std::make_unique<node::CCoinsStats>(std::move(new_stats));
+        // Check that miner can't print more money than they are allowed to
+        assert(circulation == utxo_stats->total_amount);
+    };
+
+
+    // Update internal state to chain tip
+    StoreLastTxo();
+    UpdateUtxoStats();
+    assert(ActiveHeight() == 0);
+    // Get at which height we duplicate the coinbase
+    // Assuming that the fuzzer will mine relatively short chains (less than 200 blocks), we want the duplicate coinbase to be not too high.
+    // Up to 2000 seems reasonable.
+    int64_t duplicate_coinbase_height = fuzzed_data_provider.ConsumeIntegralInRange(0, 20 * COINBASE_MATURITY);
+    // Always pad with OP_0 at the end to avoid bad-cb-length error
+    const CScript duplicate_coinbase_script = CScript() << duplicate_coinbase_height << OP_0;
+    // Mine the first block with this duplicate
+    current_block = PrepareNextBlock();
+    StoreLastTxo();
+
+    {
+        // Create duplicate (CScript should match exact format as in CreateNewBlock)
+        CMutableTransaction tx{*current_block->vtx.front()};
+        tx.vin.at(0).scriptSig = duplicate_coinbase_script;
+
+        // Mine block and create next block template
+        current_block->vtx.front() = MakeTransactionRef(tx);
+    }
+    current_block->hashMerkleRoot = BlockMerkleRoot(*current_block);
+    assert(!MineBlock(node, current_block).IsNull());
+    circulation += GetBlockSubsidyInner(current_block->nBits, ActiveHeight(), Params().GetConsensus(), false);
+
+    assert(ActiveHeight() == 1);
+    UpdateUtxoStats();
+    current_block = PrepareNextBlock();
+    StoreLastTxo();
+
+    LIMITED_WHILE(fuzzed_data_provider.remaining_bytes(), 100'000)
+    {
+        CallOneOf(
+            fuzzed_data_provider,
+            [&] {
+                // Append an input-output pair to the last tx in the current block
+                CMutableTransaction tx{*current_block->vtx.back()};
+                AppendRandomTxo(tx);
+                current_block->vtx.back() = MakeTransactionRef(tx);
+                StoreLastTxo();
+            },
+            [&] {
+                // Append a tx to the list of txs in the current block
+                CMutableTransaction tx{};
+                AppendRandomTxo(tx);
+                current_block->vtx.push_back(MakeTransactionRef(tx));
+                StoreLastTxo();
+            },
+            [&] {
+                // Append the current block to the active chain
+                current_block->hashMerkleRoot = BlockMerkleRoot(*current_block);
+                const bool was_valid = !MineBlock(node, current_block).IsNull();
+
+                const auto prev_hash = utxo_stats->hashSerialized;
+                if (was_valid) {
+                    circulation += GetBlockSubsidyInner(current_block->nBits, ActiveHeight(), Params().GetConsensus(), false);
+
+                    if (duplicate_coinbase_height == ActiveHeight()) {
+                        // we mined the duplicate coinbase
+                        assert(current_block->vtx.at(0)->vin.at(0).scriptSig == duplicate_coinbase_script);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                UpdateUtxoStats();
+
+                if (!was_valid) {
+                    // utxo stats must not change
+                    assert(prev_hash == utxo_stats->hashSerialized);
+                }
+
+                current_block = PrepareNextBlock();
+                StoreLastTxo();
+            });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/util/mining.cpp b/src/test/util/mining.cpp
index e98eed3f8fd9..987307cbc759 100644
--- a/src/test/util/mining.cpp
+++ b/src/test/util/mining.cpp
@@ -6,22 +6,25 @@
 
 #include <chainparams.h>
 #include <consensus/merkle.h>
+#include <consensus/validation.h>
 #include <evo/evodb.h>
 #include <key_io.h>
 #include <node/context.h>
 #include <node/miner.h>
 #include <pow.h>
+#include <primitives/transaction.h>
 #include <script/standard.h>
 #include <spork.h>
 #include <test/util/script.h>
 #include <util/check.h>
 #include <validation.h>
+#include <validationinterface.h>
 #include <versionbits.h>
 
 using node::BlockAssembler;
 using node::NodeContext;
 
-CTxIn generatetoaddress(const NodeContext& node, const std::string& address)
+COutPoint generatetoaddress(const NodeContext& node, const std::string& address)
 {
     const auto dest = DecodeDestination(address);
     assert(IsValidDestination(dest));
@@ -61,19 +64,52 @@ std::vector<std::shared_ptr<CBlock>> CreateBlockChain(size_t total_height, const
     return ret;
 }
 
-CTxIn MineBlock(const NodeContext& node, const CScript& coinbase_scriptPubKey)
+COutPoint MineBlock(const NodeContext& node, const CScript& coinbase_scriptPubKey)
 {
     auto block = PrepareBlock(node, coinbase_scriptPubKey);
+    auto valid = MineBlock(node, block);
+    assert(!valid.IsNull());
+    return valid;
+}
+
+struct BlockValidationStateCatcher : public CValidationInterface {
+    const uint256 m_hash;
+    std::optional<BlockValidationState> m_state;
 
+    BlockValidationStateCatcher(const uint256& hash)
+        : m_hash{hash},
+          m_state{} {}
+
+protected:
+    void BlockChecked(const CBlock& block, const BlockValidationState& state) override
+    {
+        if (block.GetHash() != m_hash) return;
+        m_state = state;
+    }
+};
+
+COutPoint MineBlock(const NodeContext& node, std::shared_ptr<CBlock>& block)
+{
     while (!CheckProofOfWork(block->GetHash(), block->nBits, Params().GetConsensus())) {
         ++block->nNonce;
         assert(block->nNonce);
     }
 
-    bool processed{Assert(node.chainman)->ProcessNewBlock(Params(), block, true, nullptr)};
-    assert(processed);
-
-    return CTxIn{block->vtx[0]->GetHash(), 0};
+    auto& chainman{*Assert(node.chainman)};
+    const auto old_height = WITH_LOCK(cs_main, return chainman.ActiveHeight());
+    bool new_block;
+    BlockValidationStateCatcher bvsc{block->GetHash()};
+    RegisterValidationInterface(&bvsc);
+    const bool processed{chainman.ProcessNewBlock(Params(), block, true, &new_block)};
+    const bool duplicate{!new_block && processed};
+    assert(!duplicate);
+    UnregisterValidationInterface(&bvsc);
+    SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
+    const bool was_valid{bvsc.m_state && bvsc.m_state->IsValid()};
+    assert(old_height + was_valid == WITH_LOCK(cs_main, return chainman.ActiveHeight()));
+
+    if (was_valid) return {block->vtx[0]->GetHash(), 0};
+    return {};
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<CBlock> PrepareBlock(const NodeContext& node, const CScript& coinbase_scriptPubKey)
diff --git a/src/test/util/mining.h b/src/test/util/mining.h
index 09e712cd35c9..f1ec58349022 100644
--- a/src/test/util/mining.h
+++ b/src/test/util/mining.h
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 
 class CBlock;
 class CChainParams;
+class COutPoint;
 class CScript;
-class CTxIn;
 namespace node {
 struct NodeContext;
 } // namespace node
@@ -21,12 +21,18 @@ struct NodeContext;
 std::vector<std::shared_ptr<CBlock>> CreateBlockChain(size_t total_height, const CChainParams& params);
 
 /** Returns the generated coin */
-CTxIn MineBlock(const node::NodeContext&, const CScript& coinbase_scriptPubKey);
+COutPoint MineBlock(const node::NodeContext&, const CScript& coinbase_scriptPubKey);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the generated coin (or Null if the block was invalid).
+ * It is recommended to call RegenerateCommitments before mining the block to avoid merkle tree mismatches.
+ **/
+COutPoint MineBlock(const node::NodeContext&, std::shared_ptr<CBlock>& block);
 
 /** Prepare a block to be mined */
 std::shared_ptr<CBlock> PrepareBlock(const node::NodeContext&, const CScript& coinbase_scriptPubKey);
 
 /** RPC-like helper function, returns the generated coin */
-CTxIn generatetoaddress(const node::NodeContext&, const std::string& address);
+COutPoint generatetoaddress(const node::NodeContext&, const std::string& address);
 
 #endif // BITCOIN_TEST_UTIL_MINING_H
diff --git a/src/test/util/setup_common.h b/src/test/util/setup_common.h
index 84ca35163deb..ab1933b08692 100644
--- a/src/test/util/setup_common.h
+++ b/src/test/util/setup_common.h
@@ -111,9 +111,14 @@ struct BasicTestingSetup {
  */
 struct ChainTestingSetup : public BasicTestingSetup {
     node::CacheSizes m_cache_sizes{};
+    bool m_coins_db_in_memory{true};
+    bool m_block_tree_db_in_memory{true};
 
     explicit ChainTestingSetup(const std::string& chainName = CBaseChainParams::MAIN, const std::vector<const char*>& extra_args = {});
     ~ChainTestingSetup();
+
+    // Supplies a chainstate, if one is needed
+    void LoadVerifyActivateChainstate();
 };
 
 /** Testing setup that configures a complete environment.

From 36bc557a154506e3ad7c2aebc60bc78fa4b6bbd1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Claude Code <claude@anthropic.com>
Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2025 22:45:55 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] fix: add missing LoadVerifyActivateChainstate
 implementation

Add the missing LoadVerifyActivateChainstate function implementation
to ChainTestingSetup that was declared but not implemented.

In Dash, chainstate is loaded in TestingSetup constructor, so this
function is a no-op but needed for Bitcoin compatibility.

Fixes validation issue found in bitcoin#17860 backport.
---
 src/test/util/setup_common.cpp | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/test/util/setup_common.cpp b/src/test/util/setup_common.cpp
index 457d52460cd9..6acecdb7d85c 100644
--- a/src/test/util/setup_common.cpp
+++ b/src/test/util/setup_common.cpp
@@ -278,6 +278,12 @@ ChainTestingSetup::~ChainTestingSetup()
     m_node.chainman.reset();
 }
 
+void ChainTestingSetup::LoadVerifyActivateChainstate()
+{
+    // In Dash, chainstate is loaded in TestingSetup constructor
+    // This function exists for Bitcoin compatibility but is not needed
+}
+
 TestingSetup::TestingSetup(const std::string& chainName, const std::vector<const char*>& extra_args)
     : ChainTestingSetup(chainName, extra_args)
 {

From 1bd9fdfdebe1997a4cb5ba103500c48f406dc2f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: PastaPastaPasta <6443210+PastaPastaPasta@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2025 22:53:50 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] Update src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp

---
 src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp b/src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp
index 4d81d17f6136..514ce27ef4de 100644
--- a/src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp
+++ b/src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void initialize_tx_pool()
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 2 * COINBASE_MATURITY; ++i) {
         COutPoint prevout{MineBlock(g_setup->m_node, CScript() << OP_TRUE)};
-        // Remember the txids to avoid expensive disk access later on
+        // Remember the txids to avoid expensive disk acess later on
         auto& outpoints = i < COINBASE_MATURITY ?
                               g_outpoints_coinbase_init_mature :
                               g_outpoints_coinbase_init_immature;

From 8b4f8532603615d681644f7834b53fe272e401ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pasta <pasta@pastas-Mac-Studio.local>
Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2025 23:35:26 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] fix: correct typo 'acess' -> 'access' in tx_pool.cpp
 comment

Address reviewer feedback from PastaPastaPasta.
Fixes spelling error in comment about expensive disk access.
---
 src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp b/src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp
index 514ce27ef4de..4d81d17f6136 100644
--- a/src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp
+++ b/src/test/fuzz/tx_pool.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void initialize_tx_pool()
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 2 * COINBASE_MATURITY; ++i) {
         COutPoint prevout{MineBlock(g_setup->m_node, CScript() << OP_TRUE)};
-        // Remember the txids to avoid expensive disk acess later on
+        // Remember the txids to avoid expensive disk access later on
         auto& outpoints = i < COINBASE_MATURITY ?
                               g_outpoints_coinbase_init_mature :
                               g_outpoints_coinbase_init_immature;