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1 | 1 | # Building and Evaluation of a PBPK Model for Verapamil in Adults |
2 | 2 |
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3 | | -| Version | 2.1-OSP12.2 | |
| 3 | +| Version | 2.2-OSP12.2 | |
4 | 4 | | ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
5 | | -| based on *Model Snapshot* and *Evaluation Plan* | https://github.com/Open-Systems-Pharmacology/Verapamil-Model/releases/tag/v2.1 | |
| 5 | +| based on *Model Snapshot* and *Evaluation Plan* | https://github.com/Open-Systems-Pharmacology/Verapamil-Model/releases/tag/v2.2 | |
6 | 6 | | OSP Version | 12.2 | |
7 | 7 | | Qualification Framework Version | 3.5 | |
8 | 8 |
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@@ -115,6 +115,12 @@ A literature search was performed to collect available information on physiochem |
115 | 115 | | CYP3A4 MBI kinact | 1/min | 0.080 | [Wang 2013](#5-references) | Maximum inactivation rate | |
116 | 116 | | Pgp non-competitive Ki | µmol/L | 0.30 | [Pauli-Magnus 2000](#5-references) | Conc. for half-maximal inactivation | |
117 | 117 |
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| 118 | +#### Individual |
| 119 | + |
| 120 | +| **Parameter** | **Unit** | **Value** | Source | **Description** | |
| 121 | +| :-------------- | -------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------- | |
| 122 | +| EHC continuous fraction | | 1 | Assumption | EHC continuous fraction | |
| 123 | + |
118 | 124 | ### Clinical Data |
119 | 125 |
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120 | 126 | A literature search was performed to collect available clinical data on verapamil in healthy adults. |
@@ -182,7 +188,7 @@ After testing the available organ-plasma partition coefficient and cell permeabi |
182 | 188 |
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183 | 189 | ### Metabolism, Elimination and Inhibition |
184 | 190 |
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185 | | -Verapamil is metabolized by CYP3A4 and transported by P-gp. The model includes enantioselective metabolism by CYP3A4, non-stereospecific P-gp transport. Additionally passive glomerular filtration was integrated. |
| 191 | +Verapamil is metabolized by CYP3A4 and transported by P-gp. The model includes enantioselective metabolism by CYP3A4, non-stereospecific P-gp transport. Additionally passive glomerular filtration was integrated. For biliary excretion, an EHC continuous fraction of 1 was assumed. |
186 | 192 |
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187 | 193 | Mechanism-based inactivation of CYP3A4 and non-competitive inhibition of P-gp by all four entities (S-verapamil, R-verapamil, S-norverapamil and R-norverapamil) was taken into account. The CYP3A4 MBI KI and kinact values were taken from literature, the KI values for P-gp inhibition were optimized. |
188 | 194 |
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@@ -242,6 +248,12 @@ The result of the final parameter identification is shown in the tables below: |
242 | 248 | | Cellular permeability | 9.94E-02 |cm/min| |
243 | 249 | | Intestinal permeability | 3.54E-06 |cm/min| |
244 | 250 |
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| 251 | +#### Individual |
| 252 | + |
| 253 | +| Model Parameter | Optimized Value | Unit | |
| 254 | +| -------------------------- | --------------- | ---- | |
| 255 | +| EHC continuous fraction | 1 || |
| 256 | + |
245 | 257 | # 3 Results and Discussion<a id="results-and-discussion"></a> |
246 | 258 |
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247 | 259 | The PBPK model for verapamil was developed and evaluated using publically available, clinical pharmacokinetic data from studies listed in [Section 2.2](#clinical-data). |
@@ -636,14 +648,14 @@ The first plot shows observed versus simulated plasma concentration, the second |
636 | 648 | |Intravenous administration - norverapamil |1.66 | |
637 | 649 | |Intravenous administration - R-verapamil |1.25 | |
638 | 650 | |Intravenous administration - S-verapamil |1.31 | |
639 | | -|Intravenous administration - verapamil |1.45 | |
| 651 | +|Intravenous administration - verapamil |1.44 | |
640 | 652 | |Oral administration - norverapamil |1.29 | |
641 | 653 | |Oral administration - R-norverapamil |1.14 | |
642 | 654 | |Oral administration - R-verapamil |1.33 | |
643 | 655 | |Oral administration - S-norverapamil |1.16 | |
644 | 656 | |Oral administration - S-verapamil |1.31 | |
645 | 657 | |Oral administration - verapamil |1.42 | |
646 | | -|All |1.36 | |
| 658 | +|All |1.35 | |
647 | 659 |
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648 | 660 | <br> |
649 | 661 | <br> |
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