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Update Evaluation Report for Verapamil-Model (#351)
* Update Verapamil * V12.2 Update 1 --------- Co-authored-by: github-actions <github-actions@github.com> Co-authored-by: Yuri05 <25061876+Yuri05@users.noreply.github.com>
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Verapamil/Verapamil-Model.pksim5

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Verapamil/Verapamil_evaluation_report.md

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# Building and Evaluation of a PBPK Model for Verapamil in Adults
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| Version | 2.1-OSP12.2 |
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| Version | 2.2-OSP12.2 |
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| ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| based on *Model Snapshot* and *Evaluation Plan* | https://github.com/Open-Systems-Pharmacology/Verapamil-Model/releases/tag/v2.1 |
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| based on *Model Snapshot* and *Evaluation Plan* | https://github.com/Open-Systems-Pharmacology/Verapamil-Model/releases/tag/v2.2 |
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| OSP Version | 12.2 |
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| Qualification Framework Version | 3.5 |
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| CYP3A4 MBI kinact | 1/min | 0.080 | [Wang 2013](#5-references) | Maximum inactivation rate |
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| Pgp non-competitive Ki | µmol/L | 0.30 | [Pauli-Magnus 2000](#5-references) | Conc. for half-maximal inactivation |
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#### Individual
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| **Parameter** | **Unit** | **Value** | Source | **Description** |
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| :-------------- | -------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------- |
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| EHC continuous fraction | | 1 | Assumption | EHC continuous fraction |
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### Clinical Data
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A literature search was performed to collect available clinical data on verapamil in healthy adults.
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### Metabolism, Elimination and Inhibition
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Verapamil is metabolized by CYP3A4 and transported by P-gp. The model includes enantioselective metabolism by CYP3A4, non-stereospecific P-gp transport. Additionally passive glomerular filtration was integrated.
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Verapamil is metabolized by CYP3A4 and transported by P-gp. The model includes enantioselective metabolism by CYP3A4, non-stereospecific P-gp transport. Additionally passive glomerular filtration was integrated. For biliary excretion, an EHC continuous fraction of 1 was assumed.
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Mechanism-based inactivation of CYP3A4 and non-competitive inhibition of P-gp by all four entities (S-verapamil, R-verapamil, S-norverapamil and R-norverapamil) was taken into account. The CYP3A4 MBI KI and kinact values were taken from literature, the KI values for P-gp inhibition were optimized.
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| Cellular permeability | 9.94E-02 |cm/min|
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| Intestinal permeability | 3.54E-06 |cm/min|
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#### Individual
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| Model Parameter | Optimized Value | Unit |
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| -------------------------- | --------------- | ---- |
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| EHC continuous fraction | 1 ||
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# 3 Results and Discussion<a id="results-and-discussion"></a>
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The PBPK model for verapamil was developed and evaluated using publically available, clinical pharmacokinetic data from studies listed in [Section 2.2](#clinical-data).
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|Intravenous administration - norverapamil |1.66 |
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|Intravenous administration - R-verapamil |1.25 |
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|Intravenous administration - S-verapamil |1.31 |
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|Intravenous administration - verapamil |1.45 |
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|Intravenous administration - verapamil |1.44 |
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|Oral administration - norverapamil |1.29 |
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|Oral administration - R-norverapamil |1.14 |
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|Oral administration - R-verapamil |1.33 |
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|Oral administration - S-norverapamil |1.16 |
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|Oral administration - S-verapamil |1.31 |
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|Oral administration - verapamil |1.42 |
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|All |1.36 |
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|All |1.35 |
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