diff --git a/workflow/executor/parallel_executor.py b/workflow/executor/parallel_executor.py
index 7584002fd3..7cdfe00ca7 100755
--- a/workflow/executor/parallel_executor.py
+++ b/workflow/executor/parallel_executor.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 """Parallel execution helpers that eliminate duplicated code."""
 
 import concurrent.futures
+import os
 from typing import Any, Callable, List, Tuple
 
 from utils.log_manager import LogManager
 
+MAX_WORKERS = min(32, (os.cpu_count() or 1) + 4)
+
 
 class ParallelExecutor:
     """Manage parallel execution for workflow nodes.
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@ def _execute_parallel_batch(
         """
         self.log_manager.debug(f"Executing {len(items)} items in parallel")
         
-        with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=len(items)) as executor:
+        with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=min(len(items), MAX_WORKERS)) as executor:
             futures = []
             for item in items:
                 future = executor.submit(executor_func, item)