diff --git a/src/operators/arrange/arrangement.rs b/src/operators/arrange/arrangement.rs
index bffc2bdaa..9a5d926c0 100644
--- a/src/operators/arrange/arrangement.rs
+++ b/src/operators/arrange/arrangement.rs
@@ -427,6 +427,7 @@ where
     {
         use crate::operators::join::join_traces;
         join_traces(self, other, result)
+            .as_collection()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/operators/join.rs b/src/operators/join.rs
index a31e682a5..311f06802 100644
--- a/src/operators/join.rs
+++ b/src/operators/join.rs
@@ -5,16 +5,17 @@
 //! + (b * c), and if this is not equal to the former term, little is known about the actual output.
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
+use timely::container::{PushContainer, PushInto};
 use timely::order::PartialOrder;
 use timely::progress::Timestamp;
-use timely::dataflow::Scope;
-use timely::dataflow::operators::generic::{Operator, OutputHandle};
+use timely::dataflow::{Scope, StreamCore};
+use timely::dataflow::operators::generic::{Operator, OutputHandleCore};
 use timely::dataflow::channels::pact::Pipeline;
 use timely::dataflow::operators::Capability;
 use timely::dataflow::channels::pushers::tee::Tee;
 
 use crate::hashable::Hashable;
-use crate::{Data, ExchangeData, Collection, AsCollection};
+use crate::{Data, ExchangeData, Collection};
 use crate::difference::{Semigroup, Abelian, Multiply};
 use crate::lattice::Lattice;
 use crate::operators::arrange::{Arranged, ArrangeByKey, ArrangeBySelf};
@@ -322,8 +323,14 @@ where
 /// even potentially unrelated to the input collection data. Importantly, the key and value types could be generic
 /// associated types (GATs) of the traces, and we would seemingly struggle to frame these types as trait arguments.
 ///
+/// The implementation produces a caller-specified container, with the requirement that the container
+/// can absorb `(D, G::Timestamp, R)` triples. Implementations can use [`AsCollection`] to wrap the
+/// output stream in a collection.
+///
 /// The "correctness" of this method depends heavily on the behavior of the supplied `result` function.
-pub fn join_traces<G, T1, T2, I,L,D,R>(arranged1: &Arranged<G,T1>, arranged2: &Arranged<G,T2>, mut result: L) -> Collection<G, D, R>
+///
+/// [`AsCollection`]: crate::collection::AsCollection
+pub fn join_traces<G, T1, T2, I,L,D,R,C>(arranged1: &Arranged<G,T1>, arranged2: &Arranged<G,T2>, mut result: L) -> StreamCore<G, C>
 where
     G: Scope<Timestamp=T1::Time>,
     T1: TraceReader+Clone+'static,
@@ -332,6 +339,8 @@ where
     R: Semigroup,
     I: IntoIterator<Item=(D, G::Timestamp, R)>,
     L: FnMut(T1::Key<'_>,T1::Val<'_>,T2::Val<'_>,&G::Timestamp,&T1::Diff,&T2::Diff)->I+'static,
+    C: PushContainer,
+    (D, G::Timestamp, R): PushInto<C>,
 {
     // Rename traces for symmetry from here on out.
     let mut trace1 = arranged1.trace.clone();
@@ -565,7 +574,6 @@ where
             }
         }
     })
-    .as_collection()
 }
 
 
@@ -617,10 +625,12 @@ where
 
     /// Process keys until at least `fuel` output tuples produced, or the work is exhausted.
     #[inline(never)]
-    fn work<L, I>(&mut self, output: &mut OutputHandle<T, (D, T, R), Tee<T, Vec<(D, T, R)>>>, mut logic: L, fuel: &mut usize)
-    where 
+    fn work<L, I, C>(&mut self, output: &mut OutputHandleCore<T, C, Tee<T, C>>, mut logic: L, fuel: &mut usize)
+    where
         I: IntoIterator<Item=(D, T, R)>,
         L: for<'a> FnMut(C1::Key<'a>, C1::Val<'a>, C2::Val<'a>, &T, &C1::Diff, &C2::Diff)->I,
+        C: PushContainer,
+        (D, T, R): PushInto<C>,
     {
 
         let meet = self.capability.time();