diff --git a/.github/workflows/beam_PreCommit_Java_Jms_IO_Direct.yml b/.github/workflows/beam_PreCommit_Java_Jms_IO_Direct.yml
index d032b22d3527..597d52a6d1b2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/beam_PreCommit_Java_Jms_IO_Direct.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/beam_PreCommit_Java_Jms_IO_Direct.yml
@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ jobs:
           github_job: ${{ matrix.job_name }} (${{ matrix.job_phrase }})
       - name: Setup environment
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-environment-action
+        with:
+          java-version: 17
       - name: run Jms IO build script
         uses: ./.github/actions/gradle-command-self-hosted-action
         with:
diff --git a/CHANGES.md b/CHANGES.md
index bd9c6ea246a5..a1f6a3154eae 100644
--- a/CHANGES.md
+++ b/CHANGES.md
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@
 * (Python) Typehints of dataclass fields are honored during type inferences. To restore the behavior of fallback-to-any,
   use pipeline option `--exclude_infer_dataclass_field_type` ([#38797](https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/38797)).
   However fixing forward is recommended.
+* (Java) JmsIO migrated to `jakarta.jms` (JMS 3.1) and ActiveMQ 6.2.5. User code implementing `JmsIO.MessageMapper`,
+  `valueMapper`, `topicNameMapper`, or providing a `ConnectionFactory` must update imports from `javax.jms.*` to
+  `jakarta.jms.*`. The module now requires Java 17 at runtime ([#38729](https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/38729)).
 
 ## Deprecations
 
diff --git a/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/org/apache/beam/gradle/BeamModulePlugin.groovy b/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/org/apache/beam/gradle/BeamModulePlugin.groovy
index 344cf66e01fc..b1ab2ca1e333 100644
--- a/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/org/apache/beam/gradle/BeamModulePlugin.groovy
+++ b/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/org/apache/beam/gradle/BeamModulePlugin.groovy
@@ -598,6 +598,7 @@ class BeamModulePlugin implements Plugin<Project> {
     // There are a few versions are determined by the BOMs by running scripts/tools/bomupgrader.py
     // marked as [bomupgrader]. See the documentation of that script for detail.
     def activemq_version = "5.19.2"
+    def activemq6_version = "6.2.5"
     def autovalue_version = "1.9"
     def autoservice_version = "1.0.1"
     def aws_java_sdk2_version = "2.20.162"
@@ -639,7 +640,7 @@ class BeamModulePlugin implements Plugin<Project> {
     def postgres_version = "42.6.2"
     // [bomupgrader] determined by: com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java, consistent with: google_cloud_platform_libraries_bom
     def protobuf_version = "4.33.2"
-    def qpid_jms_client_version = "0.61.0"
+    def qpid_jms_client_version = "2.10.0"
     def quickcheck_version = "1.0"
     def sbe_tool_version = "1.25.1"
     def singlestore_jdbc_version = "1.1.4"
@@ -678,6 +679,11 @@ class BeamModulePlugin implements Plugin<Project> {
         activemq_junit                              : "org.apache.activemq.tooling:activemq-junit:$activemq_version",
         activemq_kahadb_store                       : "org.apache.activemq:activemq-kahadb-store:$activemq_version",
         activemq_mqtt                               : "org.apache.activemq:activemq-mqtt:$activemq_version",
+        activemq6_amqp                              : "org.apache.activemq:activemq-amqp:$activemq6_version",
+        activemq6_broker                            : "org.apache.activemq:activemq-broker:$activemq6_version",
+        activemq6_client                            : "org.apache.activemq:activemq-client:$activemq6_version",
+        activemq6_jaas                              : "org.apache.activemq:activemq-jaas:$activemq6_version",
+        activemq6_kahadb_store                      : "org.apache.activemq:activemq-kahadb-store:$activemq6_version",
         aircompressor                               : "io.airlift:aircompressor:2.0.3",
         args4j                                      : "args4j:args4j:2.33",
         auto_value_annotations                      : "com.google.auto.value:auto-value-annotations:$autovalue_version",
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/amqp/build.gradle b/sdks/java/io/amqp/build.gradle
index 6f2899eeb05b..9333a8e9d21f 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/amqp/build.gradle
+++ b/sdks/java/io/amqp/build.gradle
@@ -19,6 +19,19 @@
 plugins { id 'org.apache.beam.module' }
 applyJavaNature( automaticModuleName: 'org.apache.beam.sdk.io.amqp')
 
+// The JMS IO module pulls ActiveMQ 6.2.5 (Java 17) into the shared dependency
+// map. Because the global resolution strategy forces every mapped version,
+// that 6.2.5 would otherwise be forced onto this Java 11 module via the shared
+// org.apache.activemq coordinates. AMQP IO only needs ActiveMQ as an embedded
+// test broker, so pin it back to the Java 11-compatible 5.x line.
+configurations.all {
+  resolutionStrategy.dependencySubstitution {
+    substitute module('org.apache.activemq:activemq-broker') using module(library.java.activemq_broker)
+    substitute module('org.apache.activemq:activemq-amqp') using module(library.java.activemq_amqp)
+    substitute module('org.apache.activemq:activemq-client') using module(library.java.activemq_client)
+  }
+}
+
 description = "Apache Beam :: SDKs :: Java :: IO :: AMQP"
 ext.summary = "IO to read and write using AMQP 1.0 protocol (http://www.amqp.org)."
 
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/jms/build.gradle b/sdks/java/io/jms/build.gradle
index 24a195e63f14..4b038c6bb28d 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/jms/build.gradle
+++ b/sdks/java/io/jms/build.gradle
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 plugins { id 'org.apache.beam.module' }
 applyJavaNature(
   automaticModuleName: 'org.apache.beam.sdk.io.jms',
+  requireJavaVersion: JavaVersion.VERSION_17,
 )
 provideIntegrationTestingDependencies()
 enableJavaPerformanceTesting()
@@ -32,12 +33,12 @@ dependencies {
   implementation project(path: ":sdks:java:core", configuration: "shadow")
   implementation library.java.slf4j_api
   implementation library.java.joda_time
-  implementation "org.apache.geronimo.specs:geronimo-jms_2.0_spec:1.0-alpha-2"
-  testImplementation library.java.activemq_amqp
-  testImplementation library.java.activemq_broker
-  testImplementation library.java.activemq_jaas
-  testImplementation library.java.activemq_kahadb_store
-  testImplementation library.java.activemq_client
+  implementation "jakarta.jms:jakarta.jms-api:3.1.0"
+  testImplementation library.java.activemq6_amqp
+  testImplementation library.java.activemq6_broker
+  testImplementation library.java.activemq6_jaas
+  testImplementation library.java.activemq6_kahadb_store
+  testImplementation library.java.activemq6_client
   testImplementation library.java.hamcrest
   testImplementation library.java.junit
   testImplementation library.java.mockito_core
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsCheckpointMark.java b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsCheckpointMark.java
index 276d61ae5ef5..5780235c5b54 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsCheckpointMark.java
+++ b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsCheckpointMark.java
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@
  */
 package org.apache.beam.sdk.io.jms;
 
+import jakarta.jms.JMSException;
+import jakarta.jms.Message;
+import jakarta.jms.MessageConsumer;
+import jakarta.jms.Session;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
-import javax.jms.JMSException;
-import javax.jms.Message;
-import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
-import javax.jms.Session;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.UnboundedSource;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsIO.java b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsIO.java
index 5deb7a2b62c7..d1c666a83ad7 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsIO.java
+++ b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsIO.java
@@ -22,6 +22,15 @@
 
 import com.google.auto.value.AutoValue;
 import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.SuppressFBWarnings;
+import jakarta.jms.Connection;
+import jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory;
+import jakarta.jms.Destination;
+import jakarta.jms.JMSException;
+import jakarta.jms.Message;
+import jakarta.jms.MessageConsumer;
+import jakarta.jms.MessageProducer;
+import jakarta.jms.Session;
+import jakarta.jms.TextMessage;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
@@ -36,15 +45,6 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
-import javax.jms.Connection;
-import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
-import javax.jms.Destination;
-import javax.jms.JMSException;
-import javax.jms.Message;
-import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
-import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
-import javax.jms.Session;
-import javax.jms.TextMessage;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.Coder;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.SerializableCoder;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.Read.Unbounded;
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@
  *
  * <p>JmsIO source returns unbounded collection of JMS records as {@code PCollection<JmsRecord>}. A
  * {@link JmsRecord} includes JMS headers and properties, along with the JMS {@link
- * javax.jms.TextMessage} payload.
+ * jakarta.jms.TextMessage} payload.
  *
- * <p>To configure a JMS source, you have to provide a {@link javax.jms.ConnectionFactory} and the
+ * <p>To configure a JMS source, you have to provide a {@link jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory} and the
  * destination (queue or topic) where to consume. The following example illustrates various options
  * for configuring the source:
  *
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@
  *
  * }</pre>
  *
- * <p>It is possible to read any type of JMS {@link javax.jms.Message} into a custom POJO using the
- * following configuration:
+ * <p>It is possible to read any type of JMS {@link jakarta.jms.Message} into a custom POJO using
+ * the following configuration:
  *
  * <pre>{@code
  * pipeline.apply(JmsIO.<T>readMessage()
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@
  * <h3>Writing to a JMS destination</h3>
  *
  * <p>JmsIO sink supports writing text messages to a JMS destination on a broker. To configure a JMS
- * sink, you must specify a {@link javax.jms.ConnectionFactory} and a {@link javax.jms.Destination}
- * name. For instance:
+ * sink, you must specify a {@link jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory} and a {@link
+ * jakarta.jms.Destination} name. For instance:
  *
  * <pre>{@code
  * pipeline
@@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ public Write<EventT> withTopicNameMapper(SerializableFunction<EventT, String> to
     }
 
     /**
-     * Map the {@code EventT} object to a {@link javax.jms.Message}.
+     * Map the {@code EventT} object to a {@link jakarta.jms.Message}.
      *
      * <p>For instance:
      *
@@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@ public Write<EventT> withTopicNameMapper(SerializableFunction<EventT, String> to
      * .apply(JmsIO.write().withValueMapper(valueNapper)
      * }</pre>
      *
-     * @param valueMapper The function returning the {@link javax.jms.Message}
+     * @param valueMapper The function returning the {@link jakarta.jms.Message}
      * @return The corresponding {@link JmsIO.Write}.
      */
     public Write<EventT> withValueMapper(
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsRecord.java b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsRecord.java
index 9f547a801d04..137ec39fe715 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsRecord.java
+++ b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsRecord.java
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 package org.apache.beam.sdk.io.jms;
 
 import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.SuppressFBWarnings;
+import jakarta.jms.Destination;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
-import javax.jms.Destination;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 
 /**
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/TextMessageMapper.java b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/TextMessageMapper.java
index d5d85c46794d..6a93c5ea639f 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/TextMessageMapper.java
+++ b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/TextMessageMapper.java
@@ -17,15 +17,15 @@
  */
 package org.apache.beam.sdk.io.jms;
 
-import javax.jms.JMSException;
-import javax.jms.Message;
-import javax.jms.Session;
-import javax.jms.TextMessage;
+import jakarta.jms.JMSException;
+import jakarta.jms.Message;
+import jakarta.jms.Session;
+import jakarta.jms.TextMessage;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.SerializableBiFunction;
 
 /**
- * The TextMessageMapper takes a {@link String} value, a {@link javax.jms.Session} and returns a
- * {@link javax.jms.TextMessage}.
+ * The TextMessageMapper takes a {@link String} value, a {@link jakarta.jms.Session} and returns a
+ * {@link jakarta.jms.TextMessage}.
  */
 public class TextMessageMapper implements SerializableBiFunction<String, Session, Message> {
 
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/CommonJms.java b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/CommonJms.java
index 1d1245e6877d..b8d6cf23fae6 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/CommonJms.java
+++ b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/CommonJms.java
@@ -17,15 +17,15 @@
  */
 package org.apache.beam.sdk.io.jms;
 
+import jakarta.jms.BytesMessage;
+import jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory;
+import jakarta.jms.Message;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
-import javax.jms.BytesMessage;
-import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
-import javax.jms.Message;
 import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
 import org.apache.activemq.broker.BrokerPlugin;
 import org.apache.activemq.broker.BrokerService;
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Class<? extends ConnectionFactory> getConnectionFactoryClass() {
     return this.connectionFactoryClass;
   }
 
-  /** A test class that maps a {@link javax.jms.BytesMessage} into a {@link String}. */
+  /** A test class that maps a {@link jakarta.jms.BytesMessage} into a {@link String}. */
   public static class BytesMessageToStringMessageMapper implements JmsIO.MessageMapper<String> {
 
     @Override
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsIOIT.java b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsIOIT.java
index 266d04342d1f..e4f484c148d7 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsIOIT.java
+++ b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsIOIT.java
@@ -23,6 +23,13 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
+import jakarta.jms.Connection;
+import jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory;
+import jakarta.jms.JMSException;
+import jakarta.jms.Message;
+import jakarta.jms.QueueBrowser;
+import jakarta.jms.Session;
+import jakarta.jms.TextMessage;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.time.Instant;
@@ -32,13 +39,6 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.UUID;
 import java.util.function.Function;
-import javax.jms.Connection;
-import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
-import javax.jms.JMSException;
-import javax.jms.Message;
-import javax.jms.QueueBrowser;
-import javax.jms.Session;
-import javax.jms.TextMessage;
 import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
 import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTextMessage;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.PipelineResult;
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsIOTest.java b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsIOTest.java
index b3233f866172..6bc425ca3e21 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsIOTest.java
+++ b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/JmsIOTest.java
@@ -51,6 +51,16 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+import jakarta.jms.BytesMessage;
+import jakarta.jms.Connection;
+import jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory;
+import jakarta.jms.JMSException;
+import jakarta.jms.Message;
+import jakarta.jms.MessageConsumer;
+import jakarta.jms.MessageProducer;
+import jakarta.jms.QueueBrowser;
+import jakarta.jms.Session;
+import jakarta.jms.TextMessage;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.NotSerializableException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
@@ -71,16 +81,6 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import java.util.function.Function;
-import javax.jms.BytesMessage;
-import javax.jms.Connection;
-import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
-import javax.jms.JMSException;
-import javax.jms.Message;
-import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
-import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
-import javax.jms.QueueBrowser;
-import javax.jms.Session;
-import javax.jms.TextMessage;
 import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
 import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQMessage;
 import org.apache.activemq.util.Callback;
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/MockNonSerializableConnectionFactory.java b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/MockNonSerializableConnectionFactory.java
index 752123327e9b..b9deef4991e7 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/MockNonSerializableConnectionFactory.java
+++ b/sdks/java/io/jms/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/jms/MockNonSerializableConnectionFactory.java
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
  */
 package org.apache.beam.sdk.io.jms;
 
-import javax.jms.Connection;
-import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
-import javax.jms.JMSContext;
-import javax.jms.JMSException;
+import jakarta.jms.Connection;
+import jakarta.jms.ConnectionFactory;
+import jakarta.jms.JMSContext;
+import jakarta.jms.JMSException;
 
 public class MockNonSerializableConnectionFactory implements ConnectionFactory {
   @Override
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/mqtt/build.gradle b/sdks/java/io/mqtt/build.gradle
index 85d6c6c16f25..a088c0447410 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/mqtt/build.gradle
+++ b/sdks/java/io/mqtt/build.gradle
@@ -19,6 +19,19 @@
 plugins { id 'org.apache.beam.module' }
 applyJavaNature( automaticModuleName: 'org.apache.beam.sdk.io.mqtt')
 
+// The JMS IO module pulls ActiveMQ 6.2.5 (Java 17) into the shared dependency
+// map. Because the global resolution strategy forces every mapped version,
+// that 6.2.5 would otherwise be forced onto this Java 11 module via the shared
+// org.apache.activemq coordinates. MQTT IO only needs ActiveMQ as an embedded
+// test broker, so pin it back to the Java 11-compatible 5.x line.
+configurations.all {
+  resolutionStrategy.dependencySubstitution {
+    substitute module('org.apache.activemq:activemq-broker') using module(library.java.activemq_broker)
+    substitute module('org.apache.activemq:activemq-client') using module(library.java.activemq_client)
+    substitute module('org.apache.activemq:activemq-kahadb-store') using module(library.java.activemq_kahadb_store)
+  }
+}
+
 description = "Apache Beam :: SDKs :: Java :: IO :: MQTT"
 ext.summary = "IO to read and write to a MQTT broker."