{
  # Currently, this flake only contains tools helpful for development.
  # Over time, we may add a package definition and other things.
  description = "Development utils for Vowpal Wabbit.";

  inputs.flake-utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";

  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, flake-utils }:
    flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system:
      let pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}; in
      let
        # Note: this compile_commands.json does not work with clangd because it
        # uses the nix clang-wrapper which abstracts enough away so that clangd
        # can no longer find the right includes.
        generate-compile-commands = ''
          echo -n "Generating compile_commands.json... "
          rm -rf $TMPDIR/compile_commands_build
          mkdir -p $TMPDIR/compile_commands_build
          cmake -S . -B "$TMPDIR/compile_commands_build" \
            -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=On \
            -DRAPIDJSON_SYS_DEP=On \
            -DFMT_SYS_DEP=On \
            -DSPDLOG_SYS_DEP=On \
            -DVW_BOOST_MATH_SYS_DEP=On \
            -DVW_ZLIB_SYS_DEP=On \
            -DVW_GTEST_SYS_DEP=On \
            -DVW_EIGEN_SYS_DEP=On \
            -DBUILD_TESTING=Off \
            -DVW_BUILD_VW_C_WRAPPER=Off > cmake_compile_commands_output.txt 2>&1
          if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
            echo "Failed"
            echo
            cat cmake_compile_commands_output.txt >&2
            exit 1
          else
            echo "Done"
            rm cmake_compile_commands_output.txt
          fi
        '';
      in
      let
        core-dependencies = [
          pkgs.spdlog
          pkgs.fmt
          pkgs.zlib
          pkgs.rapidjson
          pkgs.eigen
          pkgs.gtest
          pkgs.boost
          pkgs.cmake
        ];
      in
      let
        python-clang-tidy-package = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
          name = "python-clang-tidy";
          src = pkgs.fetchurl {
            url = "https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-14.0.6/clang-tools-extra-14.0.6.src.tar.xz";
            sha256 = "sha256-fPO4/1bGXE0erjxWiD/EpsvD/586FTCnTWbkXScnGGY=";
          };
          sourceRoot = "clang-tools-extra-14.0.6.src";
          phases = [ "unpackPhase" "installPhase" "fixupPhase" ];
          propagatedBuildInputs = [ pkgs.python3 pkgs.clang-tools_14 ];
          installPhase = ''
            mkdir -p $out/bin
            cp clang-tidy/tool/run-clang-tidy.py $out/bin
            cp clang-tidy/tool/run-clang-tidy.py $out/bin/run-clang-tidy
            cp clang-tidy/tool/clang-tidy-diff.py $out/bin
            cp clang-tidy/tool/clang-tidy-diff.py $out/bin/clang-tidy-diff
          '';
        };
      in
      let
        python-clang-format-package = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
          name = "python-clang-format";
          src = pkgs.fetchurl {
            url = "https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-14.0.6/clang-14.0.6.src.tar.xz";
            sha256 = "sha256-K1hHtqYxGLnv5chVSDY8gf/glrZsOzZ16VPiY0KuQDE=";
          };
          sourceRoot = "clang-14.0.6.src";
          phases = [ "unpackPhase" "installPhase" "fixupPhase" ];
          propagatedBuildInputs = [ pkgs.python3 pkgs.clang-tools_14 ];
          installPhase = ''
            mkdir -p $out/bin
            cp tools/clang-format/clang-format-diff.py $out/bin
            cp tools/clang-format/clang-format-diff.py $out/bin/clang-format-diff
          '';
        };
      in
      let
        clang-tidy-all-script = pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "vw-clang-tidy" ''
          ${generate-compile-commands}
          ${python-clang-tidy-package}/bin/run-clang-tidy -p $TMPDIR/compile_commands_build -quiet -header-filter=vw/* "$@"
        '';
      in
      let
        clang-tidy-diff-script = pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "vw-clang-tidy-diff" ''
          ${generate-compile-commands}
          ${python-clang-tidy-package}/bin/clang-tidy-diff -p1 -path $TMPDIR/compile_commands_build -quiet -use-color "$@" <&0
        '';
      in
      let cpp-docs = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
        name = "cpp-docs";
        src = self;
        buildInputs = [ pkgs.doxygen ];
        phases = [ "installPhase" ];
        installPhase = ''
          cd $src/doc
          mkdir -p $out
          # This is required to override the output directory to the derivations output directory
          ( cat Doxyfile ; echo "OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$out" ) | ${pkgs.doxygen}/bin/doxygen -
        '';
      }; in
      {
        formatter = pkgs.nixpkgs-fmt;
        packages = {
          vw-cpp-docs = cpp-docs;
        };
        devShell = pkgs.mkShell {
          packages = [
            python-clang-tidy-package
            python-clang-format-package
            clang-tidy-all-script
            clang-tidy-diff-script
          ] ++ core-dependencies;
        };
      }
    );
}