diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index d57cf1d0e371..9c30147723d4 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -4756,6 +4756,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "wasmtime-fuzz"
 version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
  "arbitrary",
  "cranelift-assembler-x64",
  "cranelift-codegen",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 956c8fcd67e3..810e92beadf4 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ rustix = { workspace = true, features = ["mm", "process"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 # depend again on wasmtime to activate its default features for tests
-wasmtime = { workspace = true, features = ['default', 'winch', 'pulley', 'all-arch', 'call-hook', 'memory-protection-keys', 'component-model-async'] }
+wasmtime = { workspace = true, features = ['default', 'anyhow', 'winch', 'pulley', 'all-arch', 'call-hook', 'memory-protection-keys', 'component-model-async'] }
 env_logger = { workspace = true }
 log = { workspace = true }
 filecheck = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/crates/environ/Cargo.toml b/crates/environ/Cargo.toml
index 378096f1a6d3..ee3bc5c96308 100644
--- a/crates/environ/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/environ/Cargo.toml
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ name = "factc"
 required-features = ['component-model', 'compile']
 
 [features]
+anyhow = []
 component-model = [
   "dep:wasmtime-component-util",
   "dep:semver",
diff --git a/crates/environ/examples/factc.rs b/crates/environ/examples/factc.rs
index 2d682e8f743a..41724e9a095e 100644
--- a/crates/environ/examples/factc.rs
+++ b/crates/environ/examples/factc.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use std::io::{IsTerminal, Write};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use wasmparser::{Validator, WasmFeatures};
 use wasmtime_environ::{
-    ScopeVec, Tunables,
+    ScopeVec, ToWasmtimeResult as _, Tunables,
     component::*,
-    error::{Context, Result, bail},
+    error::{Context as _, Result, bail},
 };
 
 /// A small helper utility to explore generated adapter modules from Wasmtime's
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ impl Factc {
         for wasm in adapters.into_iter() {
             let output = if self.text {
                 wasmprinter::print_bytes(&wasm)
+                    .to_wasmtime_result()
                     .context("failed to convert binary wasm to text")?
                     .into_bytes()
             } else if self.output.is_none() && std::io::stdout().is_terminal() {
diff --git a/crates/environ/src/lib.rs b/crates/environ/src/lib.rs
index 8c4c9b254c7a..0306bdd1f76e 100644
--- a/crates/environ/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/environ/src/lib.rs
@@ -84,5 +84,20 @@ pub use cranelift_entity::*;
 // migration to the `wasmtime-internal-error` crate.
 pub use anyhow as error;
 
+// Temporarily polyfill `wasmtime_internal_error::ToWasmtimeResult` to ease
+// migration, before we swap out `anyhow` with the `wasmtime_internal_error`
+// crate.
+#[cfg(feature = "anyhow")]
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub trait ToWasmtimeResult<T> {
+    fn to_wasmtime_result(self) -> self::error::Result<T>;
+}
+#[cfg(feature = "anyhow")]
+impl<T> ToWasmtimeResult<T> for anyhow::Result<T> {
+    fn to_wasmtime_result(self) -> self::error::Result<T> {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 /// Version number of this crate.
 pub const VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
diff --git a/crates/explorer/Cargo.toml b/crates/explorer/Cargo.toml
index b4fbf6842d51..d199bf767941 100644
--- a/crates/explorer/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/explorer/Cargo.toml
@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ serde_derive = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
 target-lexicon = { workspace = true, features = ['std'] }
 wasmprinter = { workspace = true }
-wasmtime = { workspace = true, features = ["cranelift", "runtime"] }
-wasmtime-environ = { workspace = true }
+wasmtime = { workspace = true, features = ["anyhow", "cranelift", "runtime"] }
+wasmtime-environ = { workspace = true, features = ["anyhow"] }
diff --git a/crates/explorer/src/lib.rs b/crates/explorer/src/lib.rs
index 91eb0602e2c0..7cf03c49b5cf 100644
--- a/crates/explorer/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/explorer/src/lib.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use std::{
     path::Path,
     str::FromStr,
 };
-use wasmtime::Result;
+use wasmtime::{Result, ToWasmtimeResult as _};
 use wasmtime_environ::demangle_function_name;
 
 pub fn generate(
@@ -109,7 +109,8 @@ fn annotate_wat(wasm: &[u8]) -> Result<AnnotatedWat> {
     let printer = wasmprinter::Config::new();
     let mut storage = String::new();
     let chunks = printer
-        .offsets_and_lines(wasm, &mut storage)?
+        .offsets_and_lines(wasm, &mut storage)
+        .to_wasmtime_result()?
         .map(|(offset, wat)| AnnotatedWatChunk {
             wasm_offset: offset.map(|o| WasmOffset(u32::try_from(o).unwrap())),
             wat: wat.to_string(),
diff --git a/crates/misc/component-async-tests/Cargo.toml b/crates/misc/component-async-tests/Cargo.toml
index b70d5691af60..f24013a71f69 100644
--- a/crates/misc/component-async-tests/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/misc/component-async-tests/Cargo.toml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ tokio = { workspace = true, features = [
 wasmparser = { workspace = true }
 wasmtime = { workspace = true, features = [
   "default",
+  "anyhow",
   "pulley",
   "cranelift",
   "component-model-async",
diff --git a/crates/misc/component-async-tests/tests/scenario/util.rs b/crates/misc/component-async-tests/tests/scenario/util.rs
index f5bf8498cab0..69b69873e811 100644
--- a/crates/misc/component-async-tests/tests/scenario/util.rs
+++ b/crates/misc/component-async-tests/tests/scenario/util.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use tokio::fs;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 use wasm_compose::composer::ComponentComposer;
 use wasmtime::component::{Component, Linker, ResourceTable};
-use wasmtime::{Config, Engine, Result, Store, bail, format_err};
+use wasmtime::{Config, Engine, Result, Store, ToWasmtimeResult as _, bail, format_err};
 use wasmtime_wasi::WasiCtxBuilder;
 
 pub fn init_logger() {
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ async fn compose(a: &[u8], b: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
         },
     )
     .compose()
+    .to_wasmtime_result()
 }
 
 pub async fn make_component(engine: &Engine, components: &[&str]) -> Result<Component> {
diff --git a/crates/wasi-http/tests/all/p3/mod.rs b/crates/wasi-http/tests/all/p3/mod.rs
index b1d8273f180a..52b58799d306 100644
--- a/crates/wasi-http/tests/all/p3/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/wasi-http/tests/all/p3/mod.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use tokio::{fs, try_join};
 use wasm_compose::composer::ComponentComposer;
 use wasm_compose::config::{Config, Dependency, Instantiation, InstantiationArg};
 use wasmtime::component::{Component, Linker, ResourceTable};
-use wasmtime::{Result, Store, error::Context as _, format_err};
+use wasmtime::{Result, Store, ToWasmtimeResult as _, error::Context as _, format_err};
 use wasmtime_wasi::p3::bindings::Command;
 use wasmtime_wasi::{TrappableError, WasiCtx, WasiCtxBuilder, WasiCtxView, WasiView};
 use wasmtime_wasi_http::p3::bindings::Proxy;
@@ -368,6 +368,7 @@ async fn compose(a: &[u8], b: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
         },
     )
     .compose()
+    .to_wasmtime_result()
 }
 
 #[test_log::test(tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread"))]
@@ -422,7 +423,8 @@ async fn test_http_middleware_with_chain(host_to_host: bool) -> Result<()> {
             .collect(),
         },
     )
-    .compose()?;
+    .compose()
+    .to_wasmtime_result()?;
     fs::write(&path, &bytes).await?;
 
     test_http_echo(&path.to_str().unwrap(), true, host_to_host).await
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/Cargo.toml b/crates/wasmtime/Cargo.toml
index 7657e1c57a64..5109650679e5 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/Cargo.toml
@@ -156,6 +156,9 @@ default = [
   'compile-time-builtins',
 ]
 
+# Enables conversion helpers between `anyhow::Error` and `wasmtime::Error`.
+anyhow = ["wasmtime-environ/anyhow"]
+
 # An on-by-default feature enabling runtime compilation of WebAssembly modules
 # with the Cranelift compiler. Cranelift is the default compilation backend of
 # Wasmtime. If disabled then WebAssembly modules can only be created from
@@ -397,7 +400,7 @@ custom-sync-primitives = []
 # Off-by-default support to profile the Pulley interpreter. This has a
 # performance hit, even when not profiling, so it's disabled by default at
 # compile time.
-profile-pulley = ['pulley', 'profiling', 'pulley-interpreter/profile']
+profile-pulley = ['anyhow', 'pulley', 'profiling', 'pulley-interpreter/profile']
 
 # Enables support for the Component Model Async ABI, along with `future`,
 # `stream`, and `error-context` types.
@@ -423,4 +426,4 @@ debug = [
 ]
 
 # Enables support for defining compile-time builtins.
-compile-time-builtins = ['dep:wasm-compose', 'dep:tempfile']
+compile-time-builtins = ['anyhow', 'dep:wasm-compose', 'dep:tempfile']
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/compile/code_builder/compile_time_builtins.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/compile/code_builder/compile_time_builtins.rs
index 5b3ae655384f..c06ccd715108 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/compile/code_builder/compile_time_builtins.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/compile/code_builder/compile_time_builtins.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use super::*;
+use crate::ToWasmtimeResult as _;
 
 impl<'a> CodeBuilder<'a> {
     pub(crate) fn get_compile_time_builtins(&self) -> &HashMap<Cow<'a, str>, Cow<'a, [u8]>> {
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ impl<'a> CodeBuilder<'a> {
         }
 
         let composer = wasm_compose::composer::ComponentComposer::new(&main_wasm_path, &config);
-        let composed = composer.compose()?;
+        let composed = composer.compose().to_wasmtime_result()?;
         Ok(composed.into())
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/lib.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/lib.rs
index 1f6d0b206cc1..a6761be4c500 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/lib.rs
@@ -411,6 +411,9 @@ use sync_nostd as sync;
 #[doc(inline)]
 pub use wasmtime_environ::error;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "anyhow")]
+pub use wasmtime_environ::ToWasmtimeResult;
+
 pub use self::error::{Error, Result, bail, ensure, format_err};
 
 /// A re-exported instance of Wasmtime's `wasmparser` dependency.
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/profiling_agent/pulley.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/profiling_agent/pulley.rs
index 726875a045a0..ef374aeea411 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/profiling_agent/pulley.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/profiling_agent/pulley.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 //! example code in the `pulley-interpreter` crate or `pulley/examples/*.rs` in
 //! the Wasmtime repository.
 
+use crate::ToWasmtimeResult as _;
 use crate::prelude::*;
 use crate::profiling_agent::ProfilingAgent;
 use crate::vm::Interpreter;
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ pub fn new() -> Result<Box<dyn ProfilingAgent>> {
     let filename = format!("./pulley-{pid}.data");
     let mut agent = PulleyAgent {
         state: Arc::new(State {
-            recorder: Mutex::new(Recorder::new(&filename)?),
+            recorder: Mutex::new(Recorder::new(&filename).to_wasmtime_result()?),
             sampling: Default::default(),
             sampling_done: Condvar::new(),
             sampling_freq: std::env::var("PULLEY_SAMPLING_FREQ")
diff --git a/crates/wast/Cargo.toml b/crates/wast/Cargo.toml
index aa646bcab986..1060e911a4e7 100644
--- a/crates/wast/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/wast/Cargo.toml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ rust-version.workspace = true
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-wasmtime = { workspace = true, features = ['cranelift', 'wat', 'runtime', 'gc', 'async', 'threads'] }
+wasmtime = { workspace = true, features = ['anyhow', 'cranelift', 'wat', 'runtime', 'gc', 'async', 'threads'] }
 wast = { workspace = true, features = ['dwarf'] }
 log = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { workspace = true, features = ['rt'] }
diff --git a/crates/wast/src/wast.rs b/crates/wast/src/wast.rs
index b656294e239f..46cc1114c6fc 100644
--- a/crates/wast/src/wast.rs
+++ b/crates/wast/src/wast.rs
@@ -561,7 +561,8 @@ impl WastContext {
 
         let mut ast = json_from_wast::Opts::default()
             .dwarf(self.generate_dwarf)
-            .convert(filename, wast, ast)?;
+            .convert(filename, wast, ast)
+            .to_wasmtime_result()?;
         let modules_by_filename = Arc::get_mut(&mut self.modules_by_filename).unwrap();
         for (name, bytes) in ast.wasms.drain(..) {
             let prev = modules_by_filename.insert(name, bytes);
diff --git a/crates/wizer/Cargo.toml b/crates/wizer/Cargo.toml
index 1caee3dd6d8b..d2ff75495303 100644
--- a/crates/wizer/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/wizer/Cargo.toml
@@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ criterion = { workspace = true }
 env_logger = { workspace = true }
 wasmprinter = { workspace = true }
 wat = { workspace = true }
-wasmtime = { workspace = true, features = ['default'] }
+wasmtime = { workspace = true, features = ['default', 'anyhow'] }
 wasmtime-wasi = { workspace = true, features = ["p1"] }
 tokio = { workspace = true, features = ['macros'] }
 
 [features]
 # Enable this dependency to get messages with WAT disassemblies when certain
 # internal panics occur.
-wasmprinter = ['dep:wasmprinter']
+wasmprinter = ['dep:wasmprinter', 'wasmtime/anyhow']
 
 # Enables default runtime implementations based on the `wasmtime` crate.
 wasmtime = [
diff --git a/crates/wizer/src/component/wasmtime.rs b/crates/wizer/src/component/wasmtime.rs
index 1f4590320ac9..2379a95c3706 100644
--- a/crates/wizer/src/component/wasmtime.rs
+++ b/crates/wizer/src/component/wasmtime.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ use wasmtime::component::{
 };
 use wasmtime::{Result, Store, error::Context as _, format_err};
 
+#[cfg(feature = "wasmprinter")]
+use wasmtime::ToWasmtimeResult as _;
+
 impl Wizer {
     /// Same as [`Wizer::run`], except for components.
     pub async fn run_component<T: Send>(
@@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ impl Wizer {
         #[cfg(feature = "wasmprinter")]
         log::debug!(
             "instrumented wasm: {}",
-            wasmprinter::print_bytes(&instrumented_wasm)?,
+            wasmprinter::print_bytes(&instrumented_wasm).to_wasmtime_result()?,
         );
 
         let engine = store.engine();
diff --git a/crates/wizer/tests/all/component.rs b/crates/wizer/tests/all/component.rs
index 3785b1fb4039..e66573956692 100644
--- a/crates/wizer/tests/all/component.rs
+++ b/crates/wizer/tests/all/component.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use wasmtime::component::{Component, Instance, Linker, Val};
-use wasmtime::{Config, Engine, Result, Store, bail, error::Context as _};
+use wasmtime::{Config, Engine, Result, Store, ToWasmtimeResult as _, bail, error::Context as _};
 use wasmtime_wizer::Wizer;
 
 fn fail_wizening(msg: &str, wasm: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ fn fail_wizening(msg: &str, wasm: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
     let wasm = wat::parse_bytes(wasm)?;
     log::debug!(
         "testing wizening failure for wasm:\n{}",
-        wasmprinter::print_bytes(&wasm)?
+        wasmprinter::print_bytes(&wasm).to_wasmtime_result()?
     );
     match Wizer::new().instrument_component(&wasm) {
         Ok(_) => bail!("expected wizening to fail"),
diff --git a/crates/wizer/tests/all/tests.rs b/crates/wizer/tests/all/tests.rs
index c3e22b6d5d46..ff8f351f4e0a 100644
--- a/crates/wizer/tests/all/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/wizer/tests/all/tests.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 use std::process::Command;
 use wasm_encoder::ConstExpr;
-use wasmtime::{Config, Engine, Instance, Linker, Module, Result, Store, error::Context as _};
+use wasmtime::{
+    Config, Engine, Instance, Linker, Module, Result, Store, ToWasmtimeResult as _,
+    error::Context as _,
+};
 use wasmtime_wasi::{WasiCtxBuilder, p1};
 use wasmtime_wizer::Wizer;
 use wat::parse_str as wat_to_wasm;
@@ -575,7 +578,7 @@ async fn rename_functions() -> Result<()> {
     wizer.func_rename("func_a", "func_b");
     wizer.func_rename("func_b", "func_c");
     let wasm = wizer.run(&mut store()?, &wasm, instantiate).await?;
-    let wat = wasmprinter::print_bytes(&wasm)?;
+    let wat = wasmprinter::print_bytes(&wasm).to_wasmtime_result()?;
 
     let expected_wat = r#"
 (module
diff --git a/examples/component/main.rs b/examples/component/main.rs
index 6ffa44da1d41..037e1edc51ee 100644
--- a/examples/component/main.rs
+++ b/examples/component/main.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::{fs, path::Path};
 use wasmtime::{
-    Config, Engine, Result, Store,
+    Config, Engine, Result, Store, ToWasmtimeResult as _,
     component::{Component, HasSelf, Linker, bindgen},
     error::Context as _,
 };
@@ -29,8 +29,10 @@ impl host::Host for MyState {
 fn convert_to_component(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
     let bytes = &fs::read(&path).context("failed to read input file")?;
     wit_component::ComponentEncoder::default()
-        .module(&bytes)?
+        .module(&bytes)
+        .to_wasmtime_result()?
         .encode()
+        .to_wasmtime_result()
 }
 
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/fuzz/Cargo.toml b/fuzz/Cargo.toml
index ebda99ec41aa..6b9f213b5211 100644
--- a/fuzz/Cargo.toml
+++ b/fuzz/Cargo.toml
@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ wasmtime-fuzzing = { workspace = true }
 wasmtime-test-util = { workspace = true }
 log = { workspace = true }
 
+# Only for use by the Cranlift fuzz targets. Wasmtime fuzz targets should
+# use `wasmtime::{Error, Result}`.
+anyhow = { workspace = true }
+
 [build-dependencies]
 proc-macro2 = { workspace = true }
 arbitrary = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
diff --git a/fuzz/fuzz_targets/cranelift-fuzzgen.rs b/fuzz/fuzz_targets/cranelift-fuzzgen.rs
index 161de17bb208..8542f280f8f0 100644
--- a/fuzz/fuzz_targets/cranelift-fuzzgen.rs
+++ b/fuzz/fuzz_targets/cranelift-fuzzgen.rs
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ impl<'a> Arbitrary<'a> for TestCase {
 }
 
 impl TestCase {
-    pub fn generate(u: &mut Unstructured) -> wasmtime::Result<Self> {
+    pub fn generate(u: &mut Unstructured) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
         let mut generator = FuzzGen::new(u);
 
         let compare_against_host = generator.u.arbitrary()?;
diff --git a/fuzz/fuzz_targets/cranelift-icache.rs b/fuzz/fuzz_targets/cranelift-icache.rs
index 693665fc9c56..dfb88d037b9b 100644
--- a/fuzz/fuzz_targets/cranelift-icache.rs
+++ b/fuzz/fuzz_targets/cranelift-icache.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub struct FunctionWithIsa {
 }
 
 impl FunctionWithIsa {
-    pub fn generate(u: &mut Unstructured) -> wasmtime::Result<Self> {
+    pub fn generate(u: &mut Unstructured) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
         let _ = env_logger::try_init();
 
         // We filter out targets that aren't supported in the current build
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl FunctionWithIsa {
                 let sig = generator.generate_signature(&*isa)?;
                 Ok((name, sig))
             })
-            .collect::<wasmtime::Result<Vec<(UserExternalName, Signature)>>>()
+            .collect::<anyhow::Result<Vec<(UserExternalName, Signature)>>>()
             .map_err(|_| arbitrary::Error::IncorrectFormat)?;
 
         let func = generator
diff --git a/tests/wasi.rs b/tests/wasi.rs
index fffe64b37a79..1b69ab3e0568 100644
--- a/tests/wasi.rs
+++ b/tests/wasi.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use std::fs;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::process::Output;
 use tempfile::TempDir;
-use wasmtime::{Result, format_err};
+use wasmtime::{Result, ToWasmtimeResult as _, format_err};
 use wit_component::ComponentEncoder;
 
 const KNOWN_FAILURES: &[&str] = &[
@@ -161,13 +161,16 @@ fn run_test(path: &Path, componentize: bool) -> Result<()> {
     let path = if componentize {
         let module = fs::read(path).expect("read wasm module");
         let component = ComponentEncoder::default()
-            .module(module.as_slice())?
+            .module(module.as_slice())
+            .to_wasmtime_result()?
             .validate(true)
             .adapter(
                 "wasi_snapshot_preview1",
                 &fs::read(test_programs_artifacts::ADAPTER_COMMAND)?,
-            )?
-            .encode()?;
+            )
+            .to_wasmtime_result()?
+            .encode()
+            .to_wasmtime_result()?;
         let stem = path.file_stem().unwrap().to_str().unwrap();
         let component_path = td.path().join(format!("{stem}.component.wasm"));
         fs::write(&component_path, component)?;