sketchbook/misc/sokoban.py at master · darius/sketchbook · GitHub

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"""
Play http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokoban on the console.

Includes Microban levels by David Skinner, from
http://sneezingtiger.com/sokoban/levels.html

You move yourself (shown as 'i' or 'I') around a 2-d grid. You can
push one crate at a time (each shown as 'o' or '@'). You win when
every crate is on a target square: an empty target appears as '.',
while one with a crate on it is '@'. (You are shown as 'I' when on a
target yourself.) Nothing can move through a wall ('#'). These simple
rules yield an elegant game with scope for a tremendous variety of
puzzles, from easy to AI-complete.

Other console Sokobans display the game a little differently: with
different symbols and a squeezed aspect ratio. I insert spaces between
squares to make them more nearly, y'know, square.

Some other Sokoban implementations you might enjoy:
http://eloquentjavascript.net/chapter13.html (by Marijn Haverbeke)
http://aurelio.net/projects/sedsokoban/ (by Aurelio Marinho Jargas)
http://code.google.com/p/cleese/source/browse/trunk/experimental/necco/kernel/soko.py
(runs without a regular OS, by Dave Long)

Thanks to Dave Long for helpful discussion of gen_keys().

See https://github.com/darius/sketchbook/blob/master/sturm/ for
future developments -- maybe that version'll get fancier.
"""

def main(level_collection, name=''):
    grids = [parse(level) for level in level_collection.split('\n\n')]
    in_raw_mode(lambda: play(grids, name))

# We represent a grid as a list of characters, including the newlines,
# with every line the same length (which we call the width of the
# grid). Thus moving up or down from some square means a displacement
# by that same width, whatever the starting square.

def parse(grid_string):
    lines = grid_string.splitlines()
    assert all(len(line) == len(lines[0]) for line in lines)
    return list(grid_string)

def unparse(grid):
    return ' '.join(grid).replace('\n ', '\n')

def up   (width): return -width
def down (width): return  width
def left (width): return -1
def right(width): return  1
directions = dict(h    = left, j    = down, k  = up, l     = right,
                  left = left, down = down, up = up, right = right)

def play(grids, name='', level=0):
    "The UI to a sequence of Sokoban levels."
    write(ansi_hide_cursor)
    write(ansi_home + ansi_clear_to_bottom)
    keys = gen_keys()

    trails = [[] for _ in grids] # The past history for undo for each level.
    while True:
        grid, trail = grids[level], trails[level]

        write(ansi_home)
        write("Move with the arrow keys or HJKL. U to undo.\n")
        write("N/P for next/previous level; Q to quit.\n\n")
        write("Level {} {:^50} Move {}\n\n".format(level+1, name, len(trail)))
        write(unparse(grid) + '\n\n')
        if won(grid):
            write("Done!\n")
        write(ansi_clear_to_bottom)

        key = next(keys).lower()
        if   key == 'q':
            break
        elif key == 'n':
            level = (level + 1) % len(grids)
        elif key == 'p':
            level = (level - 1) % len(grids)
        elif key == 'u':
            if trail: grids[level] = trail.pop()
        elif key in directions:
            previously = grid[:]
            push(grid, directions[key])
            if grid != previously: trail.append(previously)

    write(ansi_show_cursor)

def won(grid): return 'o' not in grid

def push(grid, direction):
    "Update grid, trying to move the player in the direction."
    i = grid.index('i' if 'i' in grid else 'I')
    d = direction(grid.index('\n')+1)
    move(grid, 'o@', i+d, i+d+d) # First push any neighboring crate.
    move(grid, 'iI', i, i+d)     # Then move the player.

def move(grid, thing, here, there):
    "Move thing from here to there if possible."
    # N.B. `there` is always in bounds when `grid[here] in thing`
    # because our grids have '#'-borders, while `thing` is never a '#'.
    if grid[here] in thing and grid[there] in ' .':
        lift(grid, here)
        drop(grid, there, thing)

def lift(grid, i):
    "Remove any thing (crate or player) from position i."
    grid[i] = ' .'[grid[i] in '.@I']

def drop(grid, i, thing):
    "Into a clear square, put thing."
    grid[i] = thing['.' == grid[i]]

# The above two functions each index a string with a boolean value.
# False and True act like 0 and 1, so 'xy'[False] == 'x' and
# 'xy'[True] == 'y'.


# Reading and writing the console:
#
# The most standard way to code a console app like this is with curses,
# but curses kind of earns its name. And there are better libraries
# now, but I'm not familiar with them. Maybe you'll enjoy seeing
# how to do without? We use http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code
# and raw mode
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_Edition_Unix_terminal_interface#Input_modes
#
# It'd be a little simpler to clear the screen before each repaint,
# but that causes occasional flicker, so we instead start each repaint
# with ansi_home and then incrementally clear_to_right on each line, and
# finally clear_to_bottom.

import os, sys

esc = chr(27)
ansi_home            = esc + '[H' # Go to the top left.
ansi_clear_to_right  = esc + '[K' # Erase the rest of the line.
ansi_clear_to_bottom = esc + '[J' # Erase the rest of the screen.
ansi_hide_cursor     = esc + '[?25l'
ansi_show_cursor     = esc + '[?25h'

def write(s):
    sys.stdout.write(s.replace('\n', ansi_clear_to_right + '\r\n'))

def in_raw_mode(reacting):
    # It looks like this could be done with the tty and termios
    # modules instead, but at least my code is shorter:
    # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1394956/how-to-do-hit-any-key-in-python
    os.system('stty raw -echo')
    try:
        reacting()
    finally:
        os.system('stty sane')

# Arrow keys are encoded as escape sequences:
key_map = {esc+'[A': 'up',    esc+'OA': 'up',
           esc+'[B': 'down',  esc+'OB': 'down',
           esc+'[C': 'right', esc+'OC': 'right',
           esc+'[D': 'left',  esc+'OD': 'left'}
key_prefixes = set(k[:i] for k in key_map for i in range(len(k)))

def gen_keys():
    "From the input, parse out any chunks that match key_map."
    while True: # (Since raw-mode input won't signal EOF, we needn't check.)
        keys = ''
        while keys in key_prefixes:
            keys += sys.stdin.read(1)
        if keys in key_map:
            yield key_map[keys]
        else:
            for key in keys: yield key

# The above gen_keys() wouldn't work for all possible keymaps:
# * If key_map = {}, then gen_keys() never yields any value.
# * If key_map = {'abcd': 'key1', 'bc': 'key2'}, and if you type
#   'abcf', then gen_keys() yields 'a', 'b', 'c'', 'f', never
#   chunking the 'b' and 'c' into 'key2' as you might expect.
# How would you fix these flaws?


# Levels from Microban.
# "A good set for beginners and children."

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main("""\
####
# .#
#  ###
#@i  #
#  o #
#  ###
####

######
#    #
# #i #
# o@ #
# .@ #
#    #
######

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# #  #o #
# . .#i #
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########
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#      #
#####  #
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#      #
########

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# o #...   #
#   ########
#####

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#######

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