diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_cc.yml b/.github/workflows/build_cc.yml
index 0ebb80fa98..c2d2613464 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_cc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_cc.yml
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ jobs:
   buildcc:
     name: Build C++
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ghcr.io/deepmodeling/deepmd-kit-test-cc:latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
@@ -21,32 +20,31 @@ jobs:
         - variant: clang
           dp_variant: clang
     steps:
-    - name: work around permission issue
-      run: git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/deepmd-kit/deepmd-kit
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         submodules: true
-    - run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y nvidia-cuda-toolkit
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.11'
+    - run: python -m pip install tensorflow
+    - run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-cuda-toolkit
       if: matrix.variant == 'cuda'
     - run: |
-         apt-get update \
-         && apt-get -y install wget \
-         && wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2204/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.0-1_all.deb \
-         && dpkg -i cuda-keyring_1.0-1_all.deb \
-         && apt-get update \
-         && apt-get -y install cuda-12-0
+         wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2204/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.0-1_all.deb \
+         && sudo dpkg -i cuda-keyring_1.0-1_all.deb \
+         && sudo apt-get update \
+         && sudo apt-get -y install cuda-12-0
       if: matrix.variant == 'cuda120'
       env:
         DEBIAN_FRONTEND: noninteractive
     - run: |
-         apt-get update && apt-get install -y gnupg2 \
-         && echo 'deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/apt/5.3/ jammy main' | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rocm.list \
-         && printf 'Package: *\nPin: release o=repo.radeon.com\nPin-Priority: 600' | tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/rocm-pin-600 \
-         && curl -s https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/rocm.gpg.key | apt-key add - \
-         && apt-get update \
-         && apt-get install -y rocm-dev hipcub-dev
+         echo 'deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/apt/5.3/ jammy main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rocm.list \
+         && printf 'Package: *\nPin: release o=repo.radeon.com\nPin-Priority: 600' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/rocm-pin-600 \
+         && curl -s https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/rocm.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add - \
+         && sudo apt-get update \
+         && sudo apt-get install -y rocm-dev hipcub-dev
       if: matrix.variant == 'rocm'
-    - run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y clang
+    - run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y clang
       if: matrix.variant == 'clang'
     - run: source/install/build_cc.sh
       env:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_wheel.yml b/.github/workflows/build_wheel.yml
index e11ae58bbe..b1b705fd49 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_wheel.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_wheel.yml
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@ jobs:
         include:
           # linux-64
           - os: ubuntu-latest
-            python: 310
+            python: 311
             platform_id: manylinux_x86_64
             dp_variant: cuda
           # macos-x86-64
           - os: macos-latest
-            python: 310
+            python: 311
             platform_id: macosx_x86_64
             dp_variant: cpu
           # win-64
           - os: windows-2019
-            python: 310
+            python: 311
             platform_id: win_amd64
             dp_variant: cpu
           # linux-aarch64
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         name: Install Python
         with:
-          python-version: '3.10'
+          python-version: '3.11'
       - run: python -m pip install build
       - name: Build sdist
         run: python -m build --sdist
diff --git a/.github/workflows/package_c.yml b/.github/workflows/package_c.yml
index 6cc5ed8dc8..982dfc44a2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/package_c.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/package_c.yml
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Package C library
         run: ./source/install/docker_package_c.sh
-      - name: Test C library
-        run: ./source/install/docker_test_package_c.sh
       # for download and debug
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           path: ./libdeepmd_c.tar.gz
+      - name: Test C library
+        run: ./source/install/docker_test_package_c.sh
       - name: Release
         uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
         if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test_cc.yml b/.github/workflows/test_cc.yml
index a6eb4727f1..0c9b2ed487 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test_cc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test_cc.yml
@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ jobs:
   testcc:
     name: Test C++
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ghcr.io/deepmodeling/deepmd-kit-test-cc:latest
     steps:
-    - name: work around permission issue
-      run: git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/deepmd-kit/deepmd-kit
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.11'
+    - run: python -m pip install tensorflow
     - run: source/install/test_cc_local.sh
       env:
         OMP_NUM_THREADS: 1
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ jobs:
         TF_INTER_OP_PARALLELISM_THREADS: 1
         tensorflow_root: /usr/local
     # test lammps
-    - run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3-pip python3-venv
     - run: source/install/build_lammps.sh
     - run: |
         python -m pip install -U pip
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test_python.yml b/.github/workflows/test_python.yml
index c690e16328..3a6c500554 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test_python.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test_python.yml
@@ -21,16 +21,10 @@ jobs:
           - python: 3.7
             gcc: 8
             tf: 1.14
-          - python: 3.7
-            gcc: 5
-            tf:
-          - python: 3.7
+          - python: 3.8
             gcc: 8
             tf:
-          - python: "3.10"
-            gcc: 5
-            tf:
-          - python: "3.10"
+          - python: "3.11"
             gcc: 8
             tf:
 
diff --git a/doc/install/install-from-source.md b/doc/install/install-from-source.md
index 8ce2524806..e326be1598 100644
--- a/doc/install/install-from-source.md
+++ b/doc/install/install-from-source.md
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ deactivate
 ```
 If one has multiple python interpreters named something like python3.x, it can be specified by, for example
 ```bash
-virtualenv -p python3.7 $tensorflow_venv
+virtualenv -p python3.8 $tensorflow_venv
 ```
 If one does not need the GPU support of DeePMD-kit and is concerned about package size, the CPU-only version of TensorFlow should be installed by
 ```bash
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ Available Tensor Operations:
     [X] Gloo
 ```
 
-From version 2.0.1, Horovod and mpi4py with MPICH support are shipped with the installer.
+Since version 2.0.1, Horovod and mpi4py with MPICH support are shipped with the installer.
 
 If you don't install Horovod, DeePMD-kit will fall back to serial mode.
 
@@ -150,7 +150,9 @@ If you don't install Horovod, DeePMD-kit will fall back to serial mode.
 
 If one does not need to use DeePMD-kit with Lammps or I-Pi, then the python interface installed in the previous section does everything and he/she can safely skip this section.
 
-### Install Tensorflow's C++ interface
+### Install Tensorflow's C++ interface (optional)
+
+Since TensorFlow 2.12, TensorFlow C++ library (`libtensorflow_cc`) is packaged inside the Python library. Thus, you can skip building TensorFlow C++ library manually. If that does not work for you, you can still build it manually.
 
 The C++ interface of DeePMD-kit was tested with compiler GCC >= 4.8. It is noticed that the I-Pi support is only compiled with GCC >= 4.8. Note that TensorFlow may have specific requirements for the compiler version.
 
@@ -164,11 +166,12 @@ cd $deepmd_source_dir/source
 mkdir build
 cd build
 ```
-I assume you want to install DeePMD-kit into path `$deepmd_root`, then execute CMake
+I assume you have activated the TensorFlow Python environment and want to install DeePMD-kit into path `$deepmd_root`, then execute CMake
 ```bash
-cmake -DTENSORFLOW_ROOT=$tensorflow_root -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$deepmd_root ..
+cmake -DUSE_TF_PYTHON_LIBS=TRUE -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$deepmd_root ..
 ```
-where the variable `tensorflow_root` stores the location where TensorFlow's C++ interface is installed.
+
+If you specify `-DUSE_TF_PYTHON_LIBS=FALSE`, you need to give the location where TensorFlow's C++ interface is installed to `-DTENSORFLOW_ROOT=${tensorflow_root}`.
 
 One may add the following arguments to `cmake`:
 
diff --git a/doc/install/install-lammps.md b/doc/install/install-lammps.md
index eb3dc0fea6..22262d9b95 100644
--- a/doc/install/install-lammps.md
+++ b/doc/install/install-lammps.md
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ ${deepmd_root}/bin/lmp -h
 ```
 
 :::{note}
-If `${tensorflow_root}` or `${deepmd_root}` is different from the prefix of LAMMPS, you need to append the library path to [`RUNPATH`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/ld.so.8.html) of `liblammps.so`. For example,
+If `${tensorflow_root}`, `${deepmd_root}`, or the path to TensorFlow Python package if applicable is different from the prefix of LAMMPS, you need to append the library path to [`RUNPATH`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/ld.so.8.html) of `liblammps.so`. For example,
 
 ```sh
 patchelf --set-rpath "${tensorflow_root}/lib" liblammps.so
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index f96c119186..e0838e3e90 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -65,8 +65,7 @@
 
 tf_install_dir, _ = find_tensorflow()
 tf_version = get_tf_version(tf_install_dir)
-# TODO: change to "tf_version == "" or" after tensorflow 2.12 is released
-if tf_version != "" and Version(tf_version) >= Version("2.12"):
+if tf_version == "" or Version(tf_version) >= Version("2.12"):
     find_libpython_requires = []
 else:
     find_libpython_requires = ["find_libpython"]
@@ -76,6 +75,8 @@ class bdist_wheel_abi3(bdist_wheel):
     def get_tag(self):
         python, abi, plat = super().get_tag()
         if python.startswith("cp"):
+            if tf_version == "" or Version(tf_version) >= Version("2.12"):
+                return "py38", "none", plat
             return "py37", "none", plat
         return python, abi, plat
 
diff --git a/source/install/build_cc.sh b/source/install/build_cc.sh
index 9aaa51bab8..55f4730ac5 100755
--- a/source/install/build_cc.sh
+++ b/source/install/build_cc.sh
@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ SCRIPT_PATH=$(dirname $(realpath -s $0))
 if [ -z "$INSTALL_PREFIX" ]; then
 	INSTALL_PREFIX=$(realpath -s ${SCRIPT_PATH}/../../dp)
 fi
-if [ -z "$DOWNLOAD_TENSORFLOW" ]; then
-	DOWNLOAD_TENSORFLOW=TRUE
-fi
 mkdir -p ${INSTALL_PREFIX}
 echo "Installing DeePMD-kit to ${INSTALL_PREFIX}"
 NPROC=$(nproc --all)
@@ -23,7 +20,7 @@ NPROC=$(nproc --all)
 BUILD_TMP_DIR=${SCRIPT_PATH}/../build
 mkdir -p ${BUILD_TMP_DIR}
 cd ${BUILD_TMP_DIR}
-cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${INSTALL_PREFIX} -DINSTALL_TENSORFLOW=${DOWNLOAD_TENSORFLOW} ${CUDA_ARGS} -DLAMMPS_VERSION=stable_23Jun2022_update3 ..
+cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${INSTALL_PREFIX} -DUSE_TF_PYTHON_LIBS=TRUE ${CUDA_ARGS} -DLAMMPS_VERSION=stable_23Jun2022_update3 ..
 make -j${NPROC}
 make install
 
diff --git a/source/install/docker_package_c.sh b/source/install/docker_package_c.sh
index 95291dfbd5..d6fb269acd 100755
--- a/source/install/docker_package_c.sh
+++ b/source/install/docker_package_c.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ set -e
 SCRIPT_PATH=$(dirname $(realpath -s $0))
 
 docker run --rm -v ${SCRIPT_PATH}/../..:/root/deepmd-kit -w /root/deepmd-kit \
-	ghcr.io/deepmodeling/libtensorflow_cc:2.9.2_cuda11.6_centos7_cmake \
-	/bin/sh -c "source /opt/rh/devtoolset-10/enable \
+	tensorflow/build:2.13-python3.11 \
+	/bin/sh -c "pip install tensorflow cmake \
             && cd /root/deepmd-kit/source/install \
-            && /bin/sh package_c.sh"
+            && CC=/dt9/usr/bin/gcc \
+               CXX=/dt9/usr/bin/g++ \
+               /bin/sh package_c.sh"
diff --git a/source/install/package_c.sh b/source/install/package_c.sh
index ce188425c9..c250956e19 100755
--- a/source/install/package_c.sh
+++ b/source/install/package_c.sh
@@ -17,12 +17,17 @@ mkdir -p ${BUILD_TMP_DIR}
 cd ${BUILD_TMP_DIR}
 cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${INSTALL_PREFIX} \
 	-DUSE_CUDA_TOOLKIT=TRUE \
-	-DOP_CXX_ABI=0 \
 	-DPACKAGE_C=TRUE \
+	-DUSE_TF_PYTHON_LIBS=TRUE \
 	..
 make -j${NPROC}
 make install
 
 #------------------
 
+# fix runpath
+for ii in ${BUILD_TMP_DIR}/libdeepmd_c/lib/*.so*; do
+	patchelf --set-rpath \$ORIGIN $ii
+done
+
 tar vczf ${SCRIPT_PATH}/../../libdeepmd_c.tar.gz -C ${BUILD_TMP_DIR} libdeepmd_c
diff --git a/source/install/test_cc_local.sh b/source/install/test_cc_local.sh
index a48fdbd4bf..b4594a569c 100755
--- a/source/install/test_cc_local.sh
+++ b/source/install/test_cc_local.sh
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ NPROC=$(nproc --all)
 
 #------------------
 
-echo "try to find tensorflow in ${tensorflow_root}"
+echo "try to find tensorflow in the Python environment"
 INSTALL_PREFIX=${SCRIPT_PATH}/../../dp_test
 BUILD_TMP_DIR=${SCRIPT_PATH}/../build_tests
 mkdir -p ${BUILD_TMP_DIR}
 cd ${BUILD_TMP_DIR}
-cmake -DINSTALL_TENSORFLOW=FALSE -DTENSORFLOW_ROOT=${tensorflow_root} -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${INSTALL_PREFIX} -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=TRUE -DLAMMPS_VERSION=stable_23Jun2022_update3 ..
+cmake -DINSTALL_TENSORFLOW=FALSE -DUSE_TF_PYTHON_LIBS=TRUE -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${INSTALL_PREFIX} -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=TRUE -DLAMMPS_VERSION=stable_23Jun2022_update3 ..
 make -j${NPROC}
 make install