Dockerfile.windows: escape quotes properly for GO_TAGS environment variable (#763) (#815)

* Dockerfile.windows: escape quotes

Using single quotes led to recursive variable definitions in Make, while
double quotes caused the build to fail. To work around this, escaped
double quotes must be used.

* ci: add test to build Docker images

(cherry picked from commit 577ea1f)

Co-authored-by: Robert Fratto <robertfratto@gmail.com>

Author: github-actions[bot]

.github/workflows/docker-images.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: Check Docker images
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - Dockerfile
+      - Dockerfile.windows
+      - Makefile
+      - 'tools/make/*'
+
+jobs:
+  # NOTE(rfratto): We only test building the Docker images for the host
+  # platform, but we're really only looking for issues that are
+  # architecture-independent.
+  linux:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Build image
+        run: |
+          docker build -t alloy-test:latest -f Dockerfile .
+
+  windows:
+    runs-on: windows-2019
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Build image
+        run: |
+          docker build -t alloy-test:latest -f Dockerfile.windows .
+
+

Dockerfile.windows

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SHELL ["cmd", "/S", "/C"]
 # we can before moving on to the next step.
 RUN ""C:\Program Files\git\bin\bash.exe" -c "RELEASE_BUILD=${RELEASE_BUILD} VERSION=${VERSION} make generate-ui && rm -rf web/ui/node_modules && yarn cache clean --all""
 
-RUN ""C:\Program Files\git\bin\bash.exe" -c "RELEASE_BUILD=${RELEASE_BUILD} VERSION=${VERSION} GO_TAGS='builtinassets ${GO_TAGS}' make alloy""
+RUN ""C:\Program Files\git\bin\bash.exe" -c "RELEASE_BUILD=${RELEASE_BUILD} VERSION=${VERSION} GO_TAGS=\"builtinassets ${GO_TAGS}\" make alloy""
 # In this case, we're separating the clean command from make alloy to avoid an issue where access to some mod cache
 # files is denied immediately after make alloy, for example:
 # "go: remove C:\go\pkg\mod\golang.org\toolchain@v0.0.1-go1.22.3.windows-amd64\bin\go.exe: Access is denied."