Convert-WindowsImage.ps1

function Convert-WindowsImage
{
    #Requires -Version 3.0
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName="SRC")]

    param(
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC", Mandatory=$true, ValueFromPipeline=$true)]
        [Alias("WIM")]
        [string]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [ValidateScript({ Test-Path $(Resolve-Path $_) })]
        $SourcePath,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [switch]
        $CacheSource = $false,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [Alias("SKU")]
        [string[]]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Edition,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [Alias("WorkDir")]
        [string]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [ValidateScript({ Test-Path $_ })]
        $WorkingDirectory = $pwd,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [Alias("TempDir")]
        [string]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $TempDirectory = $env:Temp,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [Alias("VHD")]
        [string]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $VHDPath,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [Alias("Size")]
        [UInt64]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [ValidateRange(512MB, 64TB)]
        $SizeBytes = 25GB,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [Alias("Format")]
        [string]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [ValidateSet("VHD", "VHDX", "AUTO")]
        $VHDFormat = "AUTO",

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [Alias("MergeFolder")]
        [string]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $MergeFolderPath = "",

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC", Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias("Layout")]
        [string]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [ValidateSet("BIOS", "UEFI")]
        $DiskLayout,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [string]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [ValidateSet("NativeBoot", "VirtualMachine")]
        $BCDinVHD = "VirtualMachine",

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="UI")]
        [string]
        $BCDBoot = "bcdboot.exe",

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [string[]]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        $Feature,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [string[]]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [ValidateScript({ Test-Path $(Resolve-Path $_) })]
        $Driver,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [string[]]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [ValidateScript({ Test-Path $(Resolve-Path $_) })]
        $Package,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [switch]
        $ExpandOnNativeBoot = $true,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [switch]
        $RemoteDesktopEnable = $false,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [Alias("Unattend")]
        [string]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [ValidateScript({ Test-Path $(Resolve-Path $_) })]
        $UnattendPath,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="UI")]
        [switch]
        $Passthru,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [string]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [ValidateScript({ Test-Path $(Resolve-Path $_) })]
        $DismPath,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="SRC")]
        [switch]
        $ApplyEA = $false,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName="UI")]
        [switch]
        $ShowUI
    )
    #region Code

    Begin
    {
        # Version information that can be populated by timebuild.
        $ScriptVersion = DATA
        {
    ConvertFrom-StringData -StringData @"
        Major     = 10
        Minor     = 0
        Build     = 14278
        Qfe       = 1000
        Branch    = rs1_es_media
        Timestamp = 160201-1707
        Flavor    = amd64fre
"@
}

        $myVersion              = "$($ScriptVersion.Major).$($ScriptVersion.Minor).$($ScriptVersion.Build).$($ScriptVersion.QFE).$($ScriptVersion.Flavor).$($ScriptVersion.Branch).$($ScriptVersion.Timestamp)"
        $scriptName             = "Convert-WindowsImage"                       # Name of the script, obviously.
        $sessionKey             = [Guid]::NewGuid().ToString()                 # Session key, used for keeping records unique between multiple runs.
        $logFolder              = "$($TempDirectory)\$($scriptName)\$($sessionKey)" # Log folder path.
        $vhdMaxSize             = 2040GB                                       # Maximum size for VHD is ~2040GB.
        $lowestSupportedBuild   = 9200                                         # The lowest supported *host* build.  Set to Win8 CP.
        $transcripting          = $false

        # Since we use the VHDFormat in output, make it uppercase.
        # We'll make it lowercase again when we use it as a file extension.
        $VHDFormat              = $VHDFormat.ToUpper()
        ##########################################################################################
        #                                      Here Strings
        ##########################################################################################

        # Banner text displayed during each run.
        $header    = @"

Windows(R) Image to Virtual Hard Disk Converter for Windows(R) 10
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
Version $myVersion

"@

        #region Helper Functions

        ##########################################################################################
        #                                   Helper Functions
        ##########################################################################################

        <#
            Functions to mount and dismount registry hives.
            These hives will automatically be accessible via the HKLM:\ registry PSDrive.

            It should be noted that I have more confidence in using the RegLoadKey and
            RegUnloadKey Win32 APIs than I do using REG.EXE - it just seems like we should
            do things ourselves if we can, instead of using yet another binary.

            Consider this a TODO for future versions.
        #>
        function Mount-RegistryHive
        {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, Position = 0)]
                [System.IO.FileInfo]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                [ValidateScript({ $_.Exists })]
                $Hive
            )

            $mountKey = [System.Guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
            $regPath  = "REG.EXE"

            if (Test-Path HKLM:\$mountKey)
            {
                throw "The registry path already exists.  I should just regenerate it, but I'm lazy."
            }

            $regArgs = (
                "LOAD",
                "HKLM\$mountKey",
                $Hive.Fullname
            )
            try
            {

                Run-Executable -Executable $regPath -Arguments $regArgs

            }
            catch
            {
                throw
            }

            # Set a global variable containing the name of the mounted registry key
            # so we can unmount it if there's an error.
            $global:mountedHive = $mountKey

            return $mountKey
        }

        ##########################################################################################

        Function Dismount-RegistryHive
        {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, Position = 0)]
                [string]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                $HiveMountPoint
            )

            $regPath = "REG.EXE"

            $regArgs = (
                "UNLOAD",
                "HKLM\$($HiveMountPoint)"
            )

            Run-Executable -Executable $regPath -Arguments $regArgs

            $global:mountedHive = $null
        }

        ##########################################################################################

        function
        Test-Admin
        {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Short function to determine whether the logged-on user is an administrator.

                .EXAMPLE
                    Do you honestly need one?  There are no parameters!

                .OUTPUTS
                    $true if user is admin.
                    $false if user is not an admin.
            #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param()

            $currentUser = New-Object Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal $([Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent())
            $isAdmin = $currentUser.IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltinRole]::Administrator)
            Write-W2VTrace "isUserAdmin? $isAdmin"

            return $isAdmin
        }

        ##########################################################################################

        function
        Get-WindowsBuildNumber
        {
            $os = Get-CimInstance -ClassName "Win32_OperatingSystem"
            return [int]($os.BuildNumber)
        }

        ##########################################################################################

        function
        Test-WindowsVersion
        {
            $isWin8 = ((Get-WindowsBuildNumber) -ge [int]$lowestSupportedBuild)

            Write-W2VTrace "is Windows 8 or Higher? $isWin8"
            return $isWin8
        }

        ##########################################################################################

        function
        Write-W2VInfo
        {
        # Function to make the Write-Host output a bit prettier.
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
                [string]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                $text
            )
            Write-Host "INFO   : $($text)"
        }

        ##########################################################################################

        function
        Write-W2VTrace
        {
        # Function to make the Write-Verbose output... well... exactly the same as it was before.
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
                [string]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                $text
            )
            Write-Verbose $text
        }

        ##########################################################################################

        function
        Write-W2VError
        {
        # Function to make the Write-Host (NOT Write-Error) output prettier in the case of an error.
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
                [string]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                $text
            )
            Write-Host "ERROR  : $($text)" -ForegroundColor Red
        }

        ##########################################################################################

        function
        Write-W2VWarn
        {
        # Function to make the Write-Host (NOT Write-Warning) output prettier.
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
                [string]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                $text
            )
            Write-Host "WARN   : $($text)" -ForegroundColor Yellow
        }

        ##########################################################################################

        function
        Run-Executable
        {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Runs an external executable file, and validates the error level.

                .PARAMETER Executable
                    The path to the executable to run and monitor.

                .PARAMETER Arguments
                    An array of arguments to pass to the executable when it's executed.

                .PARAMETER SuccessfulErrorCode
                    The error code that means the executable ran successfully.
                    The default value is 0.
            #>

            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
                [string]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                $Executable,

                [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
                [string[]]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                $Arguments,

                [Parameter()]
                [int]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                $SuccessfulErrorCode = 0

            )

            Write-W2VTrace "Running $Executable $Arguments"
            $ret = Start-Process           `
                -FilePath $Executable      `
                -ArgumentList $Arguments   `
                -NoNewWindow               `
                -Wait                      `
                -RedirectStandardOutput "$($TempDirectory)\$($scriptName)\$($sessionKey)\$($Executable)-StandardOutput.txt" `
                -RedirectStandardError  "$($TempDirectory)\$($scriptName)\$($sessionKey)\$($Executable)-StandardError.txt"  `
                -Passthru

            Write-W2VTrace "Return code was $($ret.ExitCode)."

            if ($ret.ExitCode -ne $SuccessfulErrorCode)
            {
                throw "$Executable failed with code $($ret.ExitCode)!"
            }
        }

        ##########################################################################################
        Function Test-IsNetworkLocation
        {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Determines whether or not a given path is a network location or a local drive.

                .DESCRIPTION
                    Function to determine whether or not a specified path is a local path, a UNC path,
                    or a mapped network drive.

                .PARAMETER Path
                    The path that we need to figure stuff out about,
            #>

            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(ValueFromPipeLine = $true)]
                [string]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                $Path
            )

            $result = $false

            if ([bool]([URI]$Path).IsUNC)
            {
                $result = $true
            }
            else
            {
                $driveInfo = [IO.DriveInfo]((Resolve-Path $Path).Path)

                if ($driveInfo.DriveType -eq "Network")
                {
                    $result = $true
                }
            }

            return $result
        }
        ##########################################################################################

        #endregion Helper Functions
    }

    Process
    {
        Write-Host $header
        
        $disk           = $null
        $openWim        = $null
        $openIso        = $null
        $vhdFinalName   = $null
        $vhdFinalPath   = $null
        $mountedHive    = $null
        $isoPath        = $null
        $tempSource     = $null
        $vhd            = @()

        try
        {
            # Create log folder
            if (Test-Path $logFolder)
            {
                $null = Remove-Item $logFolder -Force -Recurse
            }

            $null = mkdir $logFolder -Force

            # Try to start transcripting.  If it's already running, we'll get an exception and swallow it.
            try
            {
                $null = Start-Transcript -Path (Join-Path $logFolder "Convert-WindowsImageTranscript.txt") -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                $transcripting = $true
            }
            catch
            {
                Write-W2VWarn "Transcription is already running.  No Convert-WindowsImage-specific transcript will be created."
                $transcripting = $false
            }

            #
            # Add types
            #
            #Add-WindowsImageTypes

            # Check to make sure we're running as Admin.
            if (!(Test-Admin))
            {
                throw "Images can only be applied by an administrator.  Please launch PowerShell elevated and run this script again."
            }

            # Check to make sure we're running on Win8.
            if (!(Test-WindowsVersion))
            {
                throw "$scriptName requires Windows 8 Consumer Preview or higher.  Please use WIM2VHD.WSF (http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/wim2vhd) if you need to create VHDs from Windows 7."
            }

            # Resolve the path for the unattend file.
            if (![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($UnattendPath))
            {
                $UnattendPath = (Resolve-Path $UnattendPath).Path
            }

            if ($VHDFormat -ilike "AUTO")
            {
                if ($DiskLayout -eq "BIOS")
                {
                    $VHDFormat = "VHD"
                }
                else
                {
                    $VHDFormat = "VHDX"
                }
            }

            #
            # Choose smallest supported block size for dynamic VHD(X)
            #
            $BlockSizeBytes = 1MB

            # There's a difference between the maximum sizes for VHDs and VHDXs.  Make sure we follow it.
            if ("VHD" -ilike $VHDFormat)
            {
                if ($SizeBytes -gt $vhdMaxSize)
                {
                    Write-W2VWarn "For the VHD file format, the maximum file size is ~2040GB.  We're automatically setting the size to 2040GB for you."
                    $SizeBytes = 2040GB
                }

                $BlockSizeBytes = 512KB
            }

            # Check if -VHDPath and -WorkingDirectory were both specified.
            if ((![String]::IsNullOrEmpty($VHDPath)) -and (![String]::IsNullOrEmpty($WorkingDirectory)))
            {
                if ($WorkingDirectory -ne $pwd)
                {
                    # If the WorkingDirectory is anything besides $pwd, tell people that the WorkingDirectory is being ignored.
                    Write-W2VWarn "Specifying -VHDPath and -WorkingDirectory at the same time is contradictory."
                    Write-W2VWarn "Ignoring the WorkingDirectory specification."
                    $WorkingDirectory = Split-Path $VHDPath -Parent
                }
            }

            if ($VHDPath)
            {
                # Check to see if there's a conflict between the specified file extension and the VHDFormat being used.
                $ext = ([IO.FileInfo]$VHDPath).Extension

                if (!($ext -ilike ".$($VHDFormat)"))
                {
                    throw "There is a mismatch between the VHDPath file extension ($($ext.ToUpper())), and the VHDFormat (.$($VHDFormat)).  Please ensure that these match and try again."
                }
            }

            # Create a temporary name for the VHD(x).  We'll name it properly at the end of the script.
            if ([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($VHDPath))
            {
                $VHDPath      = Join-Path $WorkingDirectory "$($sessionKey).$($VHDFormat.ToLower())"
            }
            else
            {
                # Since we can't do Resolve-Path against a file that doesn't exist, we need to get creative in determining
                # the full path that the user specified (or meant to specify if they gave us a relative path).
                # Check to see if the path has a root specified.  If it doesn't, use the working directory.
                if (![IO.Path]::IsPathRooted($VHDPath))
                {
                    $VHDPath  = Join-Path $WorkingDirectory $VHDPath
                }

                $vhdFinalName = Split-Path $VHDPath -Leaf
                $VHDPath      = Join-Path (Split-Path $VHDPath -Parent) "$($sessionKey).$($VHDFormat.ToLower())"
            }

            Write-W2VTrace "Temporary $VHDFormat path is : $VHDPath"

            # If we're using an ISO, mount it and get the path to the WIM file.
            if (([IO.FileInfo]$SourcePath).Extension -ilike ".ISO")
            {
                # If the ISO isn't local, copy it down so we don't have to worry about resource contention
                # or about network latency.
                if (Test-IsNetworkLocation $SourcePath)
                {
                    Write-W2VInfo "Copying ISO $(Split-Path $SourcePath -Leaf) to temp folder..."
                    robocopy $(Split-Path $SourcePath -Parent) $TempDirectory $(Split-Path $SourcePath -Leaf) | Out-Null
                    $SourcePath = "$($TempDirectory)\$(Split-Path $SourcePath -Leaf)"

                    $tempSource = $SourcePath
                }

                $isoPath = (Resolve-Path $SourcePath).Path

                Write-W2VInfo "Opening ISO $(Split-Path $isoPath -Leaf)..."
                $openIso     = Mount-DiskImage -ImagePath $isoPath -StorageType ISO -PassThru
                # Refresh the DiskImage object so we can get the real information about it.  I assume this is a bug.
                $openIso     = Get-DiskImage -ImagePath $isoPath
                $driveLetter = ($openIso | Get-Volume).DriveLetter

                $SourcePath  = "$($driveLetter):\sources\install.wim"

                # Check to see if there's a WIM file we can muck about with.
                Write-W2VInfo "Looking for $($SourcePath)..."
                if (!(Test-Path $SourcePath))
                {
                    throw "The specified ISO does not appear to be valid Windows installation media."
                }
            }

            # Check to see if the WIM is local, or on a network location.  If the latter, copy it locally.
            if (Test-IsNetworkLocation $SourcePath)
            {
                Write-W2VInfo "Copying WIM $(Split-Path $SourcePath -Leaf) to temp folder..."
                robocopy $(Split-Path $SourcePath -Parent) $TempDirectory $(Split-Path $SourcePath -Leaf) | Out-Null
                $SourcePath = "$($TempDirectory)\$(Split-Path $SourcePath -Leaf)"

                $tempSource = $SourcePath
            }

            $SourcePath  = (Resolve-Path $SourcePath).Path

            ####################################################################################################
            # QUERY WIM INFORMATION AND EXTRACT THE INDEX OF TARGETED IMAGE
            ####################################################################################################

            Write-W2VInfo "Looking for the requested Windows image in the WIM file"
            $WindowsImage = Get-WindowsImage -ImagePath $SourcePath

            if (-not $WindowsImage -or ($WindowsImage -is [System.Array]))
            {
                #
                # WIM may have multiple images.  Filter on Edition (can be index or name) and try to find a unique image
                #
                $EditionIndex = 0;
                if ([Int32]::TryParse($Edition, [ref]$EditionIndex))
                {
                    $WindowsImage = Get-WindowsImage -ImagePath $SourcePath -Index $EditionIndex
                }
                else
                {
                    $WindowsImage = Get-WindowsImage -ImagePath $SourcePath | Where-Object {$_.ImageName -ilike "*$($Edition)"}
                }

                if (-not $WindowsImage)
                {
                    throw "Requested windows Image was not found on the WIM file!"
                }
                if ($WindowsImage -is [System.Array])
                {
                    Write-W2VInfo "WIM file has the following $($WindowsImage.Count) images that match filter *$($Edition)"
                    Get-WindowsImage -ImagePath $SourcePath

                    Write-W2VError "You must specify an Edition or SKU index, since the WIM has more than one image."
                    throw "There are more than one images that match ImageName filter *$($Edition)"
                }
            }

            $ImageIndex = $WindowsImage[0].ImageIndex

            Write-W2VInfo "Creating sparse disk..."
            $newVhd = New-VHD -Path $VHDPath -SizeBytes $SizeBytes -BlockSizeBytes $BlockSizeBytes -Dynamic

            Write-W2VInfo "Mounting $VHDFormat..."
            $disk = $newVhd | Mount-VHD -PassThru | Get-Disk

            switch ($DiskLayout)
            {
                "BIOS"
                {
                    Write-W2VInfo "Initializing disk..."
                    Initialize-Disk -Number $disk.Number -PartitionStyle MBR

                    #
                    # Create the Windows/system partition
                    #
                    Write-W2VInfo "Creating single partition..."
                    $systemPartition = New-Partition -DiskNumber $disk.Number -UseMaximumSize -MbrType IFS -IsActive
                    $windowsPartition = $systemPartition

                    Write-W2VInfo "Formatting windows volume..."
                    $systemVolume = Format-Volume -Partition $systemPartition -FileSystem NTFS -Force -Confirm:$false
                    $windowsVolume = $systemVolume
                }

                "UEFI"
                {
                    Write-W2VInfo "Initializing disk..."
                    Initialize-Disk -Number $disk.Number -PartitionStyle GPT

                    if ((Get-WindowsBuildNumber) -ge 10240)
                    {
                        #
                        # Create the system partition.  Create a data partition so we can format it, then change to ESP
                        #
                        Write-W2VInfo "Creating EFI system partition..."
                        $systemPartition = New-Partition -DiskNumber $disk.Number -Size 200MB -GptType '{ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7}'

                        Write-W2VInfo "Formatting system volume..."
                        $systemVolume = Format-Volume -Partition $systemPartition -FileSystem FAT32 -Force -Confirm:$false

                        Write-W2VInfo "Setting system partition as ESP..."
                        $systemPartition | Set-Partition -GptType '{c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93b}'
                        $systemPartition | Add-PartitionAccessPath -AssignDriveLetter
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        #
                        # Create the system partition
                        #
                        Write-W2VInfo "Creating EFI system partition (ESP)..."
                        $systemPartition = New-Partition -DiskNumber $disk.Number -Size 200MB -GptType '{c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93b}' -AssignDriveLetter

                        Write-W2VInfo "Formatting ESP..."
                        $formatArgs = @(
                            "$($systemPartition.DriveLetter):", # Partition drive letter
                            "/FS:FAT32",                        # File system
                            "/Q",                               # Quick format
                            "/Y"                                # Suppress prompt
                            )

                        Run-Executable -Executable format -Arguments $formatArgs
                    }

                    #
                    # Create the reserved partition
                    #
                    Write-W2VInfo "Creating MSR partition..."
                    $reservedPartition = New-Partition -DiskNumber $disk.Number -Size 128MB -GptType '{e3c9e316-0b5c-4db8-817d-f92df00215ae}'

                    #
                    # Create the Windows partition
                    #
                    Write-W2VInfo "Creating windows partition..."
                    $windowsPartition = New-Partition -DiskNumber $disk.Number -UseMaximumSize -GptType '{ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7}'

                    Write-W2VInfo "Formatting windows volume..."
                    $windowsVolume = Format-Volume -Partition $windowsPartition -FileSystem NTFS -Force -Confirm:$false
                }
            }

            #
            # Assign drive letter to Windows partition.  This is required for bcdboot
            #

            $attempts = 1
            $assigned = $false

            do
            {
                $windowsPartition | Add-PartitionAccessPath -AssignDriveLetter
                $windowsPartition = $windowsPartition | Get-Partition
                if($windowsPartition.DriveLetter -ne 0)
                {
                    $assigned = $true
                }
                else
                {
                    #sleep for up to 10 seconds and retry
                    Get-Random -Minimum 1 -Maximum 10 | Start-Sleep

                    $attempts++
                }
            }
            while ($attempts -le 100 -and -not($assigned))

            if (-not($assigned))
            {
                throw "Unable to get Partition after retry"
            }

            $windowsDrive = $(Get-Partition -Volume $windowsVolume).AccessPaths[0].substring(0,2)
            Write-W2VInfo "Windows path ($windowsDrive) has been assigned."
            Write-W2VInfo "Windows path ($windowsDrive) took $attempts attempts to be assigned."

            #
            # Refresh access paths (we have now formatted the volume)
            #
            $systemPartition = $systemPartition | Get-Partition
            $systemDrive = $systemPartition.AccessPaths[0].trimend("\").replace("\?", "??")
            Write-W2VInfo "System volume location: $systemDrive"

            ####################################################################################################
            # APPLY IMAGE FROM WIM TO THE NEW VHD
            ####################################################################################################

            Write-W2VInfo "Applying image to $VHDFormat. This could take a while..."
            if ((Get-Command Expand-WindowsImage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) -and ((-not $ApplyEA) -and ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($DismPath))))
            {
                Expand-WindowsImage -ApplyPath $windowsDrive -ImagePath $SourcePath -Index $ImageIndex -LogPath "$($logFolder)\DismLogs.log" | Out-Null
            }
            else
            {
                if (![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($DismPath))
                {
                    $dismPath = $DismPath
                }
                else
                {
                    $dismPath = $(Join-Path (get-item env:\windir).value "system32\dism.exe")
                }

                $applyImage = "/Apply-Image"
                if ($ApplyEA)
                {
                    $applyImage = $applyImage + " /EA"
                }

                $dismArgs = @("$applyImage /ImageFile:`"$SourcePath`" /Index:$ImageIndex /ApplyDir:$windowsDrive /LogPath:`"$($logFolder)\DismLogs.log`"")
                Write-W2VInfo "Applying image: $dismPath $dismArgs"
                $process  = Start-Process -Passthru -Wait -NoNewWindow -FilePath $dismPath `
                            -ArgumentList $dismArgs `

                if ($process.ExitCode -ne 0)
                {
 	                throw "Image Apply failed! See DismImageApply logs for details"
                }
            }
            Write-W2VInfo "Image was applied successfully. "

            #
            # Here we copy in the unattend file (if specified by the command line)
            #
            if (![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($UnattendPath))
            {
                Write-W2VInfo "Applying unattend file ($(Split-Path $UnattendPath -Leaf))..."
                Copy-Item -Path $UnattendPath -Destination (Join-Path $windowsDrive "unattend.xml") -Force
            }

            if (![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($MergeFolderPath))
            {
                Write-W2VInfo "Applying merge folder ($MergeFolderPath)..."
                Copy-Item -Recurse -Path (Join-Path $MergeFolderPath "*") -Destination $windowsDrive -Force #added to handle merge folders
            }

            if ($BCDinVHD -ne "NativeBoot")                       # User asked for a non-bootable image
            {
                if (Test-Path "$($systemDrive)\boot\bcd")
                {
                    Write-W2VInfo "Image already has BIOS BCD store..."
                }
                elseif (Test-Path "$($systemDrive)\efi\microsoft\boot\bcd")
                {
                    Write-W2VInfo "Image already has EFI BCD store..."
                }
                else
                {
                    Write-W2VInfo "Making image bootable..."
                    $bcdBootArgs = @(
                        "$($windowsDrive)\Windows", # Path to the \Windows on the VHD
                        "/s $systemDrive",          # Specifies the volume letter of the drive to create the \BOOT folder on.
                        "/v"                        # Enabled verbose logging.
                        )

                    switch ($DiskLayout)
                    {
                        "BIOS"
                        {
                            $bcdBootArgs += "/f BIOS"   # Specifies the firmware type of the target system partition
                        }

                        "UEFI"
                        {
                            $bcdBootArgs += "/f UEFI"   # Specifies the firmware type of the target system partition
                        }
                    }

                    Run-Executable -Executable $BCDBoot -Arguments $bcdBootArgs

                    # The following is added to mitigate the VMM diff disk handling
                    # We're going to change from MBRBootOption to LocateBootOption.

                    if ($DiskLayout -eq "BIOS")
                    {
                        Write-W2VInfo "Fixing the Device ID in the BCD store on $($VHDFormat)..."
                        Run-Executable -Executable "BCDEDIT.EXE" -Arguments (
                            "/store $($systemDrive)\boot\bcd",
                            "/set `{bootmgr`} device locate"
                        )
                        Run-Executable -Executable "BCDEDIT.EXE" -Arguments (
                            "/store $($systemDrive)\boot\bcd",
                            "/set `{default`} device locate"
                        )
                        Run-Executable -Executable "BCDEDIT.EXE" -Arguments (
                            "/store $($systemDrive)\boot\bcd",
                            "/set `{default`} osdevice locate"
                        )
                    }
                }

                Write-W2VInfo "Drive is bootable.  Cleaning up..."
            }
            else
            {
                # Don't bother to check on debugging.  We can't boot WoA VHDs in VMs, and
                # if we're native booting, the changes need to be made to the BCD store on the
                # physical computer's boot volume.

                Write-W2VInfo "Image applied. It is not bootable."
            }

            if ($RemoteDesktopEnable -or (-not $ExpandOnNativeBoot))
            {
                $hive = Mount-RegistryHive -Hive (Join-Path $windowsDrive "Windows\System32\Config\System")

                if ($RemoteDesktopEnable)
                {
                    Write-W2VInfo -text "Enabling Remote Desktop"
                    Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\$($hive)\ControlSet001\Control\Terminal Server" -Name "fDenyTSConnections" -Value 0
                }

                if (-not $ExpandOnNativeBoot)
                {
                    Write-W2VInfo -text "Disabling automatic $VHDFormat expansion for Native Boot"
                    Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\$($hive)\ControlSet001\Services\FsDepends\Parameters" -Name "VirtualDiskExpandOnMount" -Value 4
                }

                Dismount-RegistryHive -HiveMountPoint $hive
            }

            if ($Driver)
            {
                Write-W2VInfo -text "Adding Windows Drivers to the Image"
                $Driver | ForEach-Object -Process {
                    Write-W2VInfo -text "Driver path: $PSItem"
                    Add-WindowsDriver -Path $windowsDrive -Recurse -Driver $PSItem -Verbose | Out-Null
                }
            }

            If ($Feature)
            {
                Write-W2VInfo -text "Installing Windows Feature(s) $Feature to the Image"
                $FeatureSourcePath = Join-Path -Path "$($driveLetter):" -ChildPath "sources\sxs"
                Write-W2VInfo -text "From $FeatureSourcePath"
                Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName $Feature -Source $FeatureSourcePath -Path $windowsDrive -All | Out-Null
            }

            if ($Package)
            {
                Write-W2VInfo -text "Adding Windows Packages to the Image"

                $Package | ForEach-Object -Process {
                    Write-W2VInfo -text "Package path: $PSItem"
                    Add-WindowsPackage -Path $windowsDrive -PackagePath $PSItem | Out-Null
                }
            }

            #
            # Remove system partition access path, if necessary
            #
            if ($DiskLayout -eq "UEFI")
            {
                $systemPartition | Remove-PartitionAccessPath -AccessPath $systemPartition.AccessPaths[0]
            }

            if ([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vhdFinalName))
            {
                # We need to generate a file name.
                Write-W2VInfo "Generating name for $($VHDFormat)..."
                $hive         = Mount-RegistryHive -Hive (Join-Path $windowsDrive "Windows\System32\Config\Software")

                $buildLabEx   = (Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:\$($hive)\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion").BuildLabEx
                $installType  = (Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:\$($hive)\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion").InstallationType
                $editionId    = (Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:\$($hive)\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion").EditionID
                $skuFamily    = $null

                Dismount-RegistryHive -HiveMountPoint $hive

                # Is this ServerCore?
                # Since we're only doing this string comparison against the InstallType key, we won't get
                # false positives with the Core SKU.
                if ($installType.ToUpper().Contains("CORE"))
                {
                    $editionId += "Core"
                }

                # What type of SKU are we?
                if ($installType.ToUpper().Contains("SERVER"))
                {
                    $skuFamily = "Server"
                }
                elseif ($installType.ToUpper().Contains("CLIENT"))
                {
                    $skuFamily = "Client"
                }
                else
                {
                    $skuFamily = "Unknown"
                }

                #
                # ISSUE - do we want VL here?
                #
                $vhdFinalName = "$($buildLabEx)_$($skuFamily)_$($editionId)_.$($VHDFormat.ToLower())"
                Write-W2VTrace "$VHDFormat final name is : $vhdFinalName"
            }

            Write-W2VInfo "Dismounting $VHDFormat..."
            Dismount-VHD -Path $VHDPath

            $vhdFinalPath = Join-Path (Split-Path $VHDPath -Parent) $vhdFinalName
            Write-W2VTrace "$VHDFormat final path is : $vhdFinalPath"

            if (Test-Path $vhdFinalPath)
            {
                Write-W2VInfo "Deleting pre-existing $VHDFormat : $(Split-Path $vhdFinalPath -Leaf)..."
                Remove-Item -Path $vhdFinalPath -Force
            }

            Write-W2VTrace -Text "Renaming $VHDFormat at $VHDPath to $vhdFinalName"
            Rename-Item -Path (Resolve-Path $VHDPath).Path -NewName $vhdFinalName -Force
            $vhd += Get-DiskImage -ImagePath $vhdFinalPath

            $vhdFinalName = $null
        }
        catch
        {
            Write-W2VError $_
            Write-W2VInfo "Log folder is $logFolder"
        }
        finally
        {
            # If we still have a WIM image open, close it.
            if ($openWim -ne $null)
            {
                Write-W2VInfo "Closing Windows image..."
                $openWim.Close()
            }

            # If we still have a registry hive mounted, dismount it.
            if ($mountedHive -ne $null)
            {
                Write-W2VInfo "Closing registry hive..."
                Dismount-RegistryHive -HiveMountPoint $mountedHive
            }

            # If VHD is mounted, unmount it
            if (Test-Path $VHDPath)
            {
                if ((Get-VHD -Path $VHDPath).Attached)
                {
                    Dismount-VHD -Path $VHDPath
                }
            }

            # If we still have an ISO open, close it.
            if ($openIso -ne $null)
            {
                Write-W2VInfo "Closing ISO..."
                Dismount-DiskImage $ISOPath
            }

            if (-not $CacheSource)
            {
                if ($tempSource -and (Test-Path $tempSource))
                {
                    Remove-Item -Path $tempSource -Force
                }
            }

            # Close out the transcript and tell the user we're done.
            Write-W2VInfo "Done."
            if ($transcripting)
            {
                $null = Stop-Transcript
            }
        }
    }

    End
    {
        if ($Passthru)
        {
            return $vhd
        }
    }
    #endregion Code
}