diff --git a/change/@fluentui-react-checkbox-fac35afd-0d24-4b2b-ac4d-3224f4437e63.json b/change/@fluentui-react-checkbox-fac35afd-0d24-4b2b-ac4d-3224f4437e63.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d774e09e11412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/change/@fluentui-react-checkbox-fac35afd-0d24-4b2b-ac4d-3224f4437e63.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "type": "patch",
+  "comment": "chore: Simplify Checkbox style selectors using component checked/disabled state",
+  "packageName": "@fluentui/react-checkbox",
+  "email": "behowell@microsoft.com",
+  "dependentChangeType": "patch"
+}
diff --git a/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/etc/react-checkbox.api.md b/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/etc/react-checkbox.api.md
index a9f6ea7b129e6..de80a8dea3a2e 100644
--- a/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/etc/react-checkbox.api.md
+++ b/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/etc/react-checkbox.api.md
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export type CheckboxSlots = {
 };
 
 // @public
-export type CheckboxState = ComponentState<CheckboxSlots> & Required<Pick<CheckboxProps, 'checked' | 'labelPosition' | 'shape' | 'size'>>;
+export type CheckboxState = ComponentState<CheckboxSlots> & Required<Pick<CheckboxProps, 'checked' | 'disabled' | 'labelPosition' | 'shape' | 'size'>>;
 
 // @public (undocumented)
 export const renderCheckbox_unstable: (state: CheckboxState) => JSX.Element;
diff --git a/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.types.ts b/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.types.ts
index 02a6f857b014c..acb4001a98624 100644
--- a/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.types.ts
+++ b/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/src/components/Checkbox/Checkbox.types.ts
@@ -95,4 +95,4 @@ export interface CheckboxOnChangeData {
  * State used in rendering Checkbox
  */
 export type CheckboxState = ComponentState<CheckboxSlots> &
-  Required<Pick<CheckboxProps, 'checked' | 'labelPosition' | 'shape' | 'size'>>;
+  Required<Pick<CheckboxProps, 'checked' | 'disabled' | 'labelPosition' | 'shape' | 'size'>>;
diff --git a/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/src/components/Checkbox/useCheckbox.tsx b/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/src/components/Checkbox/useCheckbox.tsx
index ab85920cae2a9..5a0b3a488ddcd 100644
--- a/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/src/components/Checkbox/useCheckbox.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/src/components/Checkbox/useCheckbox.tsx
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import { useFocusWithin } from '@fluentui/react-tabster';
  * @param ref - reference to `<input>` element of Checkbox
  */
 export const useCheckbox_unstable = (props: CheckboxProps, ref: React.Ref<HTMLInputElement>): CheckboxState => {
-  const { disabled, required, shape = 'square', size = 'medium', labelPosition = 'after', onChange } = props;
+  const { disabled = false, required, shape = 'square', size = 'medium', labelPosition = 'after', onChange } = props;
 
   const [checked, setChecked] = useControllableState({
     defaultState: props.defaultChecked,
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ export const useCheckbox_unstable = (props: CheckboxProps, ref: React.Ref<HTMLIn
   const state: CheckboxState = {
     shape,
     checked,
+    disabled,
     size,
     labelPosition,
     components: {
diff --git a/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/src/components/Checkbox/useCheckboxStyles.ts b/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/src/components/Checkbox/useCheckboxStyles.ts
index 11e4e12821e97..0eb3cffda9e34 100644
--- a/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/src/components/Checkbox/useCheckboxStyles.ts
+++ b/packages/react-components/react-checkbox/src/components/Checkbox/useCheckboxStyles.ts
@@ -18,125 +18,107 @@ const indicatorSizeLarge = '20px';
 const useRootBaseClassName = makeResetStyles({
   position: 'relative',
   display: 'inline-flex',
+  cursor: 'pointer',
+  color: tokens.colorNeutralForeground3,
   ...createFocusOutlineStyle({ style: {}, selector: 'focus-within' }),
 });
 
-const useInputBaseClassName = makeResetStyles({
-  boxSizing: 'border-box',
-  cursor: 'pointer',
-  height: '100%',
-  margin: 0,
-  opacity: 0,
-  position: 'absolute',
-  top: 0,
-  // Calculate the width of the hidden input by taking into account the size of the indicator + the padding around it.
-  // This is done so that clicking on that "empty space" still toggles the checkbox.
-  width: `calc(${indicatorSizeMedium} + 2 * ${tokens.spacingHorizontalS})`,
-
-  // Colors for the unchecked state
-  ':enabled:not(:checked):not(:indeterminate)': {
-    [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.label}`]: {
-      color: tokens.colorNeutralForeground3,
-    },
-    [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
-      borderColor: tokens.colorNeutralStrokeAccessible,
-    },
-
+const useRootStyles = makeStyles({
+  unchecked: {
     ':hover': {
-      [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.label}`]: {
-        color: tokens.colorNeutralForeground2,
-      },
-      [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
-        borderColor: tokens.colorNeutralStrokeAccessibleHover,
+      color: tokens.colorNeutralForeground2,
+      [`> .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
+        ...shorthands.borderColor(tokens.colorNeutralStrokeAccessibleHover),
       },
     },
 
-    ':active:hover': {
-      [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.label}`]: {
-        color: tokens.colorNeutralForeground1,
-      },
-      [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
-        borderColor: tokens.colorNeutralStrokeAccessiblePressed,
+    ':active': {
+      color: tokens.colorNeutralForeground1,
+      [`> .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
+        ...shorthands.borderColor(tokens.colorNeutralStrokeAccessiblePressed),
       },
     },
   },
 
-  // Colors for the checked state
-  ':enabled:checked:not(:indeterminate)': {
-    [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.label}`]: {
-      color: tokens.colorNeutralForeground1,
-    },
-    [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
+  checked: {
+    color: tokens.colorNeutralForeground1,
+
+    [`> .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
       backgroundColor: tokens.colorCompoundBrandBackground,
       color: tokens.colorNeutralForegroundInverted,
-      borderColor: tokens.colorCompoundBrandBackground,
+      ...shorthands.borderColor(tokens.colorCompoundBrandBackground),
     },
 
     ':hover': {
-      [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
+      [`> .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
         backgroundColor: tokens.colorCompoundBrandBackgroundHover,
-        borderColor: tokens.colorCompoundBrandBackgroundHover,
+        ...shorthands.borderColor(tokens.colorCompoundBrandBackgroundHover),
       },
     },
 
-    ':active:hover': {
-      [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
+    ':active': {
+      [`> .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
         backgroundColor: tokens.colorCompoundBrandBackgroundPressed,
-        borderColor: tokens.colorCompoundBrandBackgroundPressed,
+        ...shorthands.borderColor(tokens.colorCompoundBrandBackgroundPressed),
       },
     },
   },
 
-  // Colors for the mixed state
-  ':enabled:indeterminate': {
-    [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.label}`]: {
-      color: tokens.colorNeutralForeground1,
-    },
-    [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
-      borderColor: tokens.colorCompoundBrandStroke,
+  mixed: {
+    color: tokens.colorNeutralForeground1,
+
+    [`> .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
+      ...shorthands.borderColor(tokens.colorCompoundBrandStroke),
       color: tokens.colorCompoundBrandForeground1,
     },
 
     ':hover': {
-      [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
-        borderColor: tokens.colorCompoundBrandStrokeHover,
+      [`> .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
+        ...shorthands.borderColor(tokens.colorCompoundBrandStrokeHover),
         color: tokens.colorCompoundBrandForeground1Hover,
       },
     },
 
-    ':active:hover': {
-      [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
-        borderColor: tokens.colorCompoundBrandStrokePressed,
+    ':active': {
+      [`> .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
+        ...shorthands.borderColor(tokens.colorCompoundBrandStrokePressed),
         color: tokens.colorCompoundBrandForeground1Pressed,
       },
     },
   },
 
-  ':disabled': {
+  disabled: {
     cursor: 'default',
 
-    [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.label}`]: {
-      cursor: 'default',
-      color: tokens.colorNeutralForegroundDisabled,
-      '@media (forced-colors: active)': {
-        color: 'GrayText',
-      },
-    },
-    [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
-      borderColor: tokens.colorNeutralStrokeDisabled,
+    color: tokens.colorNeutralForegroundDisabled,
+
+    [`> .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
+      ...shorthands.borderColor(tokens.colorNeutralStrokeDisabled),
       color: tokens.colorNeutralForegroundDisabled,
-      '@media (forced-colors: active)': {
-        color: 'GrayText',
-      },
     },
-    [`& ~ .${checkboxClassNames.indicator} svg`]: {
-      '@media (forced-colors: active)': {
+
+    '@media (forced-colors: active)': {
+      color: 'GrayText',
+      [`> .${checkboxClassNames.indicator}`]: {
         color: 'GrayText',
       },
     },
   },
 });
 
+const useInputBaseClassName = makeResetStyles({
+  boxSizing: 'border-box',
+  cursor: 'inherit',
+  height: '100%',
+  margin: 0,
+  opacity: 0,
+  position: 'absolute',
+  top: 0,
+  // Calculate the width of the hidden input by taking into account the size of the indicator + the padding around it.
+  // This is done so that clicking on that "empty space" still toggles the checkbox.
+  width: `calc(${indicatorSizeMedium} + 2 * ${tokens.spacingHorizontalS})`,
+});
+
 const useInputStyles = makeStyles({
   before: {
     right: 0,
@@ -160,7 +142,7 @@ const useIndicatorBaseClassName = makeResetStyles({
   justifyContent: 'center',
   overflow: 'hidden',
 
-  border: tokens.strokeWidthThin + ' solid',
+  border: tokens.strokeWidthThin + ' solid ' + tokens.colorNeutralStrokeAccessible,
   borderRadius: tokens.borderRadiusSmall,
   margin: tokens.spacingVerticalS + ' ' + tokens.spacingHorizontalS,
   fill: 'currentColor',
@@ -187,7 +169,8 @@ const useIndicatorStyles = makeStyles({
 const useLabelStyles = makeStyles({
   base: {
     alignSelf: 'center',
-    cursor: 'pointer',
+    color: 'inherit',
+    cursor: 'inherit',
     ...shorthands.padding(tokens.spacingVerticalS, tokens.spacingHorizontalS),
   },
 
@@ -214,10 +197,22 @@ const useLabelStyles = makeStyles({
  * Apply styling to the Checkbox slots based on the state
  */
 export const useCheckboxStyles_unstable = (state: CheckboxState): CheckboxState => {
-  const { labelPosition, shape, size } = state;
+  const { checked, disabled, labelPosition, shape, size } = state;
 
   const rootBaseClassName = useRootBaseClassName();
-  state.root.className = mergeClasses(checkboxClassNames.root, rootBaseClassName, state.root.className);
+  const rootStyles = useRootStyles();
+  state.root.className = mergeClasses(
+    checkboxClassNames.root,
+    rootBaseClassName,
+    disabled
+      ? rootStyles.disabled
+      : checked === 'mixed'
+      ? rootStyles.mixed
+      : checked
+      ? rootStyles.checked
+      : rootStyles.unchecked,
+    state.root.className,
+  );
 
   const inputBaseClassName = useInputBaseClassName();
   const inputStyles = useInputStyles();