From 9823363cf235862e75cf39084f5b8e2189e1db13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matt Bierner <matb@microsoft.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Sep 2016 17:50:02 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Move TypeScript Azure Express App to Express 4

Part of #1271

This moves the TypeScript Azure Express App from Express 3 to Express 4. The changes are based on the TypeScript Express app template.
---
 Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/Nodejs.csproj           |   19 +-
 .../TypeScriptExpressApp.njsproj              |    9 +-
 .../TypeScriptExpressApp.vstemplate           |   35 +-
 .../TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/app.ts          |   56 +-
 .../express-serve-static-core.d.ts            | 1072 ++++++++++
 .../express-serve-static-core.typings.json    |    8 +
 .../TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express.d.ts    | 1849 +----------------
 .../express.typings.json                      |    8 +
 .../TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/mime.d.ts       |   15 +
 .../mine.typings.json                         |    8 +
 .../TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/package.json    |   11 +-
 .../serve-static.d.ts                         |   80 +
 .../serve-static.typings.json                 |    8 +
 .../TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/typings.json    |    9 +
 .../TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/user.ts         |    7 +-
 .../TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/www             |    9 +
 .../TypeScriptExpressApp/package.json         |    1 +
 17 files changed, 1355 insertions(+), 1849 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express-serve-static-core.d.ts
 create mode 100644 Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express-serve-static-core.typings.json
 create mode 100644 Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express.typings.json
 create mode 100644 Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/mime.d.ts
 create mode 100644 Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/mine.typings.json
 create mode 100644 Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/serve-static.d.ts
 create mode 100644 Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/serve-static.typings.json
 create mode 100644 Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/typings.json
 create mode 100644 Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/www

diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/Nodejs.csproj b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/Nodejs.csproj
index 12da29ffb..8697c098b 100644
--- a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/Nodejs.csproj
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/Nodejs.csproj
@@ -715,6 +715,12 @@
     <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptExpressApp\typings.json" />
     <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptExpressApp\mine.typings.json" />
     <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptExpressApp\www" />
+    <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\express-serve-static-core.typings.json" />
+    <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\express.typings.json" />
+    <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\serve-static.typings.json" />
+    <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\mine.typings.json" />
+    <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\www" />
+    <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\typings.json" />
     <None Include="Theme\contrast.vstheme">
       <SubType>Designer</SubType>
     </None>
@@ -1148,7 +1154,6 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureWebApp\server.ts" />
     <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\app.ts" />
-    <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\express.d.ts" />
     <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\index.ts" />
     <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\user.ts" />
   </ItemGroup>
@@ -1171,6 +1176,18 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptExpressApp\mime.d.ts" />
   </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\express-serve-static-core.d.ts" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\express.d.ts" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\serve-static.d.ts" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <TypeScriptProject Include="ProjectTemplates\TypeScriptAzureExpressApp\mime.d.ts" />
+  </ItemGroup>
   <PropertyGroup>
     <!--
     To specify a different registry root to register your package, uncomment the TargetRegistryRoot
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/TypeScriptExpressApp.njsproj b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/TypeScriptExpressApp.njsproj
index 438a3806b..20b32b7bf 100644
--- a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/TypeScriptExpressApp.njsproj
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/TypeScriptExpressApp.njsproj
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     <SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
     <ProjectGuid>$guid1$</ProjectGuid>
     <ProjectHome>.</ProjectHome>
-    <StartupFile>app.ts</StartupFile>
+    <StartupFile>bin\www</StartupFile>
     <SearchPath>
     </SearchPath>
     <WorkingDirectory>.</WorkingDirectory>
@@ -34,10 +34,14 @@
     <TypeScriptCompile Include="app.ts" />
     <TypeScriptCompile Include="routes\index.ts" />
     <TypeScriptCompile Include="routes\user.ts" />
-    <TypeScriptCompile Include="Scripts\typings\express\express.d.ts" />
+    <TypeScriptCompile Include="typings\globals\express\index.d.ts" />
+    <TypeScriptCompile Include="typings\globals\express-serve-static-core\index.d.ts" />
+    <TypeScriptCompile Include="typings\globals\mime\index.d.ts" />
+    <TypeScriptCompile Include="typings\globals\serve-static\index.d.ts" />
     <Content Include="package.json" />
     <Content Include="public\stylesheets\main.css" />
     <Content Include="README.md" />
+    <Content Include="typings.json" />
     <Content Include="views\index.pug" />
     <Content Include="views\layout.pug" />
     <Content Include="Web.config" />
@@ -46,6 +50,7 @@
     <Content Include="bin\download.ps1" />
     <Content Include="bin\setup_web.cmd" />
     <Content Include="bin\node.cmd" />
+    <Content Include="bin\www" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <Folder Include="public\" />
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/TypeScriptExpressApp.vstemplate b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/TypeScriptExpressApp.vstemplate
index 8389477e3..d0790d9d9 100644
--- a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/TypeScriptExpressApp.vstemplate
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/TypeScriptExpressApp.vstemplate
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <VSTemplate Version="3.0.0" Type="Project" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vstemplate/2005">
   <TemplateData>
-    <Name>Basic Azure Node.js Express 3 Application</Name>
-    <Description>A basic Node.js Express 3 application for Microsoft Azure.</Description>
+    <Name>Basic Azure Node.js Express 4 Application</Name>
+    <Description>A basic Node.js Express 4 application for Microsoft Azure.</Description>
     <Icon Package="{FE8A8C3D-328A-476D-99F9-2A24B75F8C7F}" ID="410" />
     <ProjectType>TypeScript</ProjectType>
     <TemplateID>Microsoft.TypeScript.AzureExpressApp</TemplateID>
@@ -23,29 +23,44 @@
         </Folder>
       </Folder>
       <Folder Name="routes">
-        <ProjectItem>index.ts</ProjectItem>        
-        <ProjectItem>user.ts</ProjectItem>        
+        <ProjectItem>index.ts</ProjectItem>
+        <ProjectItem>user.ts</ProjectItem>
       </Folder>
       <Folder Name="views">
-        <ProjectItem>index.pug</ProjectItem>        
-        <ProjectItem>layout.pug</ProjectItem>        
+        <ProjectItem>index.pug</ProjectItem>
+        <ProjectItem>layout.pug</ProjectItem>
       </Folder>
-      <Folder Name="Scripts">
-        <Folder Name="typings">
+      <Folder Name="typings">
+        <Folder Name="globals">
           <Folder Name="express">
-            <ProjectItem>express.d.ts</ProjectItem>
+            <ProjectItem TargetFileName="index.d.ts">express.d.ts</ProjectItem>
+            <ProjectItem TargetFileName="typings.json">express.typings.json</ProjectItem>
+          </Folder>
+          <Folder Name="express-serve-static-core">
+            <ProjectItem TargetFileName="index.d.ts">express-serve-static-core.d.ts</ProjectItem>
+            <ProjectItem TargetFileName="typings.json">express-serve-static-core.typings.json</ProjectItem>
+          </Folder>
+          <Folder Name="mime">
+            <ProjectItem TargetFileName="index.d.ts">mime.d.ts</ProjectItem>
+            <ProjectItem TargetFileName="typings.json">mine.typings.json</ProjectItem>
+          </Folder>
+          <Folder Name="serve-static">
+            <ProjectItem TargetFileName="index.d.ts">serve-static.d.ts</ProjectItem>
+            <ProjectItem TargetFileName="typings.json">serve-static.typings.json</ProjectItem>
           </Folder>
         </Folder>
       </Folder>
       <ProjectItem OpenInEditor="true">app.ts</ProjectItem>
       <ProjectItem ReplaceParameters="true">package.json</ProjectItem>
-      <ProjectItem ReplaceParameters="true">README.md</ProjectItem>      
+      <ProjectItem ReplaceParameters="true">README.md</ProjectItem>
       <ProjectItem ReplaceParameters="true">Web.config</ProjectItem>
       <ProjectItem ReplaceParameters="true">Web.Debug.config</ProjectItem>
       <ProjectItem TargetFileName="bin\ChangeConfig.ps1">ChangeConfig.ps1</ProjectItem>
       <ProjectItem TargetFileName="bin\download.ps1">download.ps1</ProjectItem>
       <ProjectItem TargetFileName="bin\setup_web.cmd">setup_web.cmd</ProjectItem>
       <ProjectItem TargetFileName="bin\node.cmd">node.cmd</ProjectItem>
+      <ProjectItem TargetFileName="bin\www">www</ProjectItem>
+      <ProjectItem>typings.json</ProjectItem>
     </Project>
   </TemplateContent>
   <WizardExtension>
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/app.ts b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/app.ts
index eb8971a05..57b684216 100644
--- a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/app.ts
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/app.ts
@@ -1,32 +1,50 @@
 import express = require('express');
-import routes = require('./routes/index');
-import user = require('./routes/user');
-import http = require('http');
 import path = require('path');
 
+import routes from './routes/index';
+import users from './routes/user';
+
 var app = express();
 
-// all environments
-app.set('port', process.env.PORT || 3000);
+// view engine setup
 app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
 app.set('view engine', 'pug');
-app.use(express.favicon());
-app.use(express.logger('dev'));
-app.use(express.json());
-app.use(express.urlencoded());
-app.use(express.methodOverride());
-app.use(app.router);
 
 app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));
 
-// development only
-if ('development' == app.get('env')) {
-    app.use(express.errorHandler());
-}
+app.use('/', routes);
+app.use('/users', users);
+
+// catch 404 and forward to error handler
+app.use(function (req, res, next) {
+    var err = new Error('Not Found');
+    err['status'] = 404;
+    next(err);
+});
 
-app.get('/', routes.index);
-app.get('/users', user.list);
+// error handlers
 
-http.createServer(app).listen(app.get('port'), function () {
-    console.log('Express server listening on port ' + app.get('port'));
+// development error handler
+// will print stacktrace
+if (app.get('env') === 'development') {
+    app.use((err: any, req, res, next) => {
+        res.status(err['status'] || 500);
+        res.render('error', {
+            message: err.message,
+            error: err
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+// production error handler
+// no stacktraces leaked to user
+app.use((err: any, req, res, next) => {
+    res.status(err.status || 500);
+    res.render('error', {
+        message: err.message,
+        error: {}
+    });
 });
+
+
+module.exports = app;
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express-serve-static-core.d.ts b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express-serve-static-core.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f8b6b3ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express-serve-static-core.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,1072 @@
+// Generated by typings
+// Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/ff4757f0c652ebcdc5b717bc7787fcc955aac2d5/express-serve-static-core/express-serve-static-core.d.ts
+declare namespace Express {
+
+    // These open interfaces may be extended in an application-specific manner via declaration merging.
+    // See for example method-override.d.ts (https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/blob/master/method-override/method-override.d.ts)
+    export interface Request { }
+    export interface Response { }
+    export interface Application { }
+}
+
+declare module "express-serve-static-core" {
+    import * as http from "http";
+
+    interface NextFunction {
+        (err?: any): void;
+    }
+
+    interface RequestHandler {
+        (req: Request, res: Response, next?: NextFunction): any;
+    }
+
+    interface ErrorRequestHandler {
+        (err: any, req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction): any;
+    }
+
+    type PathParams = string | RegExp | (string | RegExp)[];
+
+    type RequestHandlerParams = RequestHandler | ErrorRequestHandler | (RequestHandler | ErrorRequestHandler)[];
+
+    interface IRouterMatcher<T> {
+        (path: PathParams, ...handlers: RequestHandler[]): T;
+        (path: PathParams, ...handlers: RequestHandlerParams[]): T;
+    }
+
+    interface IRouterHandler<T> {
+        (...handlers: RequestHandler[]): T;
+        (...handlers: RequestHandlerParams[]): T;
+    }
+
+    interface IRouter extends RequestHandler {
+        /**
+            * Map the given param placeholder `name`(s) to the given callback(s).
+            *
+            * Parameter mapping is used to provide pre-conditions to routes
+            * which use normalized placeholders. For example a _:user_id_ parameter
+            * could automatically load a user's information from the database without
+            * any additional code,
+            *
+            * The callback uses the samesignature as middleware, the only differencing
+            * being that the value of the placeholder is passed, in this case the _id_
+            * of the user. Once the `next()` function is invoked, just like middleware
+            * it will continue on to execute the route, or subsequent parameter functions.
+            *
+            *      app.param('user_id', function(req, res, next, id){
+            *        User.find(id, function(err, user){
+            *          if (err) {
+            *            next(err);
+            *          } else if (user) {
+            *            req.user = user;
+            *            next();
+            *          } else {
+            *            next(new Error('failed to load user'));
+            *          }
+            *        });
+            *      });
+            *
+            * @param name
+            * @param fn
+            */
+        param(name: string, handler: RequestParamHandler): this;
+        // Alternatively, you can pass only a callback, in which case you have the opportunity to alter the app.param() API
+        // deprecated since express 4.11.0
+        param(callback: (name: string, matcher: RegExp) => RequestParamHandler): this;
+
+        /**
+            * Special-cased "all" method, applying the given route `path`,
+            * middleware, and callback to _every_ HTTP method.
+            *
+            * @param path
+            * @param fn
+            */
+        all: IRouterMatcher<this>;
+        get: IRouterMatcher<this>;
+        post: IRouterMatcher<this>;
+        put: IRouterMatcher<this>;
+        delete: IRouterMatcher<this>;
+        patch: IRouterMatcher<this>;
+        options: IRouterMatcher<this>;
+        head: IRouterMatcher<this>;
+
+        use: IRouterHandler<this> & IRouterMatcher<this>;
+
+        route(prefix: PathParams): IRoute;
+    }
+
+    interface IRoute {
+        path: string;
+        stack: any;
+        all: IRouterHandler<this>;
+        get: IRouterHandler<this>;
+        post: IRouterHandler<this>;
+        put: IRouterHandler<this>;
+        delete: IRouterHandler<this>;
+        patch: IRouterHandler<this>;
+        options: IRouterHandler<this>;
+        head: IRouterHandler<this>;
+    }
+
+    export interface Router extends IRouter { }
+
+    interface CookieOptions {
+        maxAge?: number;
+        signed?: boolean;
+        expires?: Date | boolean;
+        httpOnly?: boolean;
+        path?: string;
+        domain?: string;
+        secure?: boolean | 'auto';
+    }
+
+    interface Errback { (err: Error): void; }
+
+    interface Request extends http.ServerRequest, Express.Request {
+
+        /**
+            * Return request header.
+            *
+            * The `Referrer` header field is special-cased,
+            * both `Referrer` and `Referer` are interchangeable.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *     req.get('Content-Type');
+            *     // => "text/plain"
+            *
+            *     req.get('content-type');
+            *     // => "text/plain"
+            *
+            *     req.get('Something');
+            *     // => undefined
+            *
+            * Aliased as `req.header()`.
+            *
+            * @param name
+            */
+        get(name: string): string;
+
+        header(name: string): string;
+
+        headers: { [key: string]: string; };
+
+        /**
+            * Check if the given `type(s)` is acceptable, returning
+            * the best match when true, otherwise `undefined`, in which
+            * case you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
+            *
+            * The `type` value may be a single mime type string
+            * such as "application/json", the extension name
+            * such as "json", a comma-delimted list such as "json, html, text/plain",
+            * or an array `["json", "html", "text/plain"]`. When a list
+            * or array is given the _best_ match, if any is returned.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *     // Accept: text/html
+            *     req.accepts('html');
+            *     // => "html"
+            *
+            *     // Accept: text/*, application/json
+            *     req.accepts('html');
+            *     // => "html"
+            *     req.accepts('text/html');
+            *     // => "text/html"
+            *     req.accepts('json, text');
+            *     // => "json"
+            *     req.accepts('application/json');
+            *     // => "application/json"
+            *
+            *     // Accept: text/*, application/json
+            *     req.accepts('image/png');
+            *     req.accepts('png');
+            *     // => undefined
+            *
+            *     // Accept: text/*;q=.5, application/json
+            *     req.accepts(['html', 'json']);
+            *     req.accepts('html, json');
+            *     // => "json"
+            */
+        accepts(): string[];
+        accepts(type: string): string | boolean;
+        accepts(type: string[]): string | boolean;
+        accepts(...type: string[]): string | boolean;
+
+        /**
+            * Returns the first accepted charset of the specified character sets,
+            * based on the request's Accept-Charset HTTP header field.
+            * If none of the specified charsets is accepted, returns false.
+            *
+            * For more information, or if you have issues or concerns, see accepts.
+            * @param charset
+            */
+        acceptsCharsets(): string[];
+        acceptsCharsets(charset: string): string | boolean;
+        acceptsCharsets(charset: string[]): string | boolean;
+        acceptsCharsets(...charset: string[]): string | boolean;
+
+        /**
+            * Returns the first accepted encoding of the specified encodings,
+            * based on the request's Accept-Encoding HTTP header field.
+            * If none of the specified encodings is accepted, returns false.
+            *
+            * For more information, or if you have issues or concerns, see accepts.
+            * @param encoding
+            */
+        acceptsEncodings(): string[];
+        acceptsEncodings(encoding: string): string | boolean;
+        acceptsEncodings(encoding: string[]): string | boolean;
+        acceptsEncodings(...encoding: string[]): string | boolean;
+
+        /**
+            * Returns the first accepted language of the specified languages,
+            * based on the request's Accept-Language HTTP header field.
+            * If none of the specified languages is accepted, returns false.
+            *
+            * For more information, or if you have issues or concerns, see accepts.
+            *
+            * @param lang
+            */
+        acceptsLanguages(): string[];
+        acceptsLanguages(lang: string): string | boolean;
+        acceptsLanguages(lang: string[]): string | boolean;
+        acceptsLanguages(...lang: string[]): string | boolean;
+
+        /**
+            * Parse Range header field,
+            * capping to the given `size`.
+            *
+            * Unspecified ranges such as "0-" require
+            * knowledge of your resource length. In
+            * the case of a byte range this is of course
+            * the total number of bytes. If the Range
+            * header field is not given `null` is returned,
+            * `-1` when unsatisfiable, `-2` when syntactically invalid.
+            *
+            * NOTE: remember that ranges are inclusive, so
+            * for example "Range: users=0-3" should respond
+            * with 4 users when available, not 3.
+            *
+            * @param size
+            */
+        range(size: number): any[];
+
+        /**
+            * Return an array of Accepted media types
+            * ordered from highest quality to lowest.
+            */
+        accepted: MediaType[];
+
+        /**
+            * @deprecated Use either req.params, req.body or req.query, as applicable.
+            *
+            * Return the value of param `name` when present or `defaultValue`.
+            *
+            *  - Checks route placeholders, ex: _/user/:id_
+            *  - Checks body params, ex: id=12, {"id":12}
+            *  - Checks query string params, ex: ?id=12
+            *
+            * To utilize request bodies, `req.body`
+            * should be an object. This can be done by using
+            * the `connect.bodyParser()` middleware.
+            *
+            * @param name
+            * @param defaultValue
+            */
+        param(name: string, defaultValue?: any): string;
+
+        /**
+            * Check if the incoming request contains the "Content-Type"
+            * header field, and it contains the give mime `type`.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *      // With Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
+            *      req.is('html');
+            *      req.is('text/html');
+            *      req.is('text/*');
+            *      // => true
+            *
+            *      // When Content-Type is application/json
+            *      req.is('json');
+            *      req.is('application/json');
+            *      req.is('application/*');
+            *      // => true
+            *
+            *      req.is('html');
+            *      // => false
+            *
+            * @param type
+            */
+        is(type: string): boolean;
+
+        /**
+            * Return the protocol string "http" or "https"
+            * when requested with TLS. When the "trust proxy"
+            * setting is enabled the "X-Forwarded-Proto" header
+            * field will be trusted. If you're running behind
+            * a reverse proxy that supplies https for you this
+            * may be enabled.
+            */
+        protocol: string;
+
+        /**
+            * Short-hand for:
+            *
+            *    req.protocol == 'https'
+            */
+        secure: boolean;
+
+        /**
+            * Return the remote address, or when
+            * "trust proxy" is `true` return
+            * the upstream addr.
+            */
+        ip: string;
+
+        /**
+            * When "trust proxy" is `true`, parse
+            * the "X-Forwarded-For" ip address list.
+            *
+            * For example if the value were "client, proxy1, proxy2"
+            * you would receive the array `["client", "proxy1", "proxy2"]`
+            * where "proxy2" is the furthest down-stream.
+            */
+        ips: string[];
+
+        /**
+            * Return subdomains as an array.
+            *
+            * Subdomains are the dot-separated parts of the host before the main domain of
+            * the app. By default, the domain of the app is assumed to be the last two
+            * parts of the host. This can be changed by setting "subdomain offset".
+            *
+            * For example, if the domain is "tobi.ferrets.example.com":
+            * If "subdomain offset" is not set, req.subdomains is `["ferrets", "tobi"]`.
+            * If "subdomain offset" is 3, req.subdomains is `["tobi"]`.
+            */
+        subdomains: string[];
+
+        /**
+            * Short-hand for `url.parse(req.url).pathname`.
+            */
+        path: string;
+
+        /**
+            * Parse the "Host" header field hostname.
+            */
+        hostname: string;
+
+        /**
+            * @deprecated Use hostname instead.
+            */
+        host: string;
+
+        /**
+            * Check if the request is fresh, aka
+            * Last-Modified and/or the ETag
+            * still match.
+            */
+        fresh: boolean;
+
+        /**
+            * Check if the request is stale, aka
+            * "Last-Modified" and / or the "ETag" for the
+            * resource has changed.
+            */
+        stale: boolean;
+
+        /**
+            * Check if the request was an _XMLHttpRequest_.
+            */
+        xhr: boolean;
+
+        //body: { username: string; password: string; remember: boolean; title: string; };
+        body: any;
+
+        //cookies: { string; remember: boolean; };
+        cookies: any;
+
+        method: string;
+
+        params: any;
+
+        /**
+            * Clear cookie `name`.
+            *
+            * @param name
+            * @param options
+            */
+        clearCookie(name: string, options?: any): Response;
+
+        query: any;
+
+        route: any;
+
+        signedCookies: any;
+
+        originalUrl: string;
+
+        url: string;
+
+        baseUrl: string;
+
+        app: Application;
+    }
+
+    interface MediaType {
+        value: string;
+        quality: number;
+        type: string;
+        subtype: string;
+    }
+
+    interface Send {
+        (status: number, body?: any): Response;
+        (body?: any): Response;
+    }
+
+    interface Response extends http.ServerResponse, Express.Response {
+        /**
+            * Set status `code`.
+            *
+            * @param code
+            */
+        status(code: number): Response;
+
+        /**
+            * Set the response HTTP status code to `statusCode` and send its string representation as the response body.
+            * @link http://expressjs.com/4x/api.html#res.sendStatus
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *    res.sendStatus(200); // equivalent to res.status(200).send('OK')
+            *    res.sendStatus(403); // equivalent to res.status(403).send('Forbidden')
+            *    res.sendStatus(404); // equivalent to res.status(404).send('Not Found')
+            *    res.sendStatus(500); // equivalent to res.status(500).send('Internal Server Error')
+            *
+            * @param code
+            */
+        sendStatus(code: number): Response;
+
+        /**
+            * Set Link header field with the given `links`.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *    res.links({
+            *      next: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=2',
+            *      last: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=5'
+            *    });
+            *
+            * @param links
+            */
+        links(links: any): Response;
+
+        /**
+            * Send a response.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *     res.send(new Buffer('wahoo'));
+            *     res.send({ some: 'json' });
+            *     res.send('<p>some html</p>');
+            *     res.send(404, 'Sorry, cant find that');
+            *     res.send(404);
+            */
+        send: Send;
+
+        /**
+            * Send JSON response.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *     res.json(null);
+            *     res.json({ user: 'tj' });
+            *     res.json(500, 'oh noes!');
+            *     res.json(404, 'I dont have that');
+            */
+        json: Send;
+
+        /**
+            * Send JSON response with JSONP callback support.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *     res.jsonp(null);
+            *     res.jsonp({ user: 'tj' });
+            *     res.jsonp(500, 'oh noes!');
+            *     res.jsonp(404, 'I dont have that');
+            */
+        jsonp: Send;
+
+        /**
+            * Transfer the file at the given `path`.
+            *
+            * Automatically sets the _Content-Type_ response header field.
+            * The callback `fn(err)` is invoked when the transfer is complete
+            * or when an error occurs. Be sure to check `res.sentHeader`
+            * if you wish to attempt responding, as the header and some data
+            * may have already been transferred.
+            *
+            * Options:
+            *
+            *   - `maxAge`   defaulting to 0 (can be string converted by `ms`)
+            *   - `root`     root directory for relative filenames
+            *   - `headers`  object of headers to serve with file
+            *   - `dotfiles` serve dotfiles, defaulting to false; can be `"allow"` to send them
+            *
+            * Other options are passed along to `send`.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *  The following example illustrates how `res.sendFile()` may
+            *  be used as an alternative for the `static()` middleware for
+            *  dynamic situations. The code backing `res.sendFile()` is actually
+            *  the same code, so HTTP cache support etc is identical.
+            *
+            *     app.get('/user/:uid/photos/:file', function(req, res){
+            *       var uid = req.params.uid
+            *         , file = req.params.file;
+            *
+            *       req.user.mayViewFilesFrom(uid, function(yes){
+            *         if (yes) {
+            *           res.sendFile('/uploads/' + uid + '/' + file);
+            *         } else {
+            *           res.send(403, 'Sorry! you cant see that.');
+            *         }
+            *       });
+            *     });
+            *
+            * @api public
+            */
+        sendFile(path: string): void;
+        sendFile(path: string, options: any): void;
+        sendFile(path: string, fn: Errback): void;
+        sendFile(path: string, options: any, fn: Errback): void;
+
+        /**
+            * @deprecated Use sendFile instead.
+            */
+        sendfile(path: string): void;
+        /**
+            * @deprecated Use sendFile instead.
+            */
+        sendfile(path: string, options: any): void;
+        /**
+            * @deprecated Use sendFile instead.
+            */
+        sendfile(path: string, fn: Errback): void;
+        /**
+            * @deprecated Use sendFile instead.
+            */
+        sendfile(path: string, options: any, fn: Errback): void;
+
+        /**
+            * Transfer the file at the given `path` as an attachment.
+            *
+            * Optionally providing an alternate attachment `filename`,
+            * and optional callback `fn(err)`. The callback is invoked
+            * when the data transfer is complete, or when an error has
+            * ocurred. Be sure to check `res.headerSent` if you plan to respond.
+            *
+            * This method uses `res.sendfile()`.
+            */
+        download(path: string): void;
+        download(path: string, filename: string): void;
+        download(path: string, fn: Errback): void;
+        download(path: string, filename: string, fn: Errback): void;
+
+        /**
+            * Set _Content-Type_ response header with `type` through `mime.lookup()`
+            * when it does not contain "/", or set the Content-Type to `type` otherwise.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *     res.type('.html');
+            *     res.type('html');
+            *     res.type('json');
+            *     res.type('application/json');
+            *     res.type('png');
+            *
+            * @param type
+            */
+        contentType(type: string): Response;
+
+        /**
+            * Set _Content-Type_ response header with `type` through `mime.lookup()`
+            * when it does not contain "/", or set the Content-Type to `type` otherwise.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *     res.type('.html');
+            *     res.type('html');
+            *     res.type('json');
+            *     res.type('application/json');
+            *     res.type('png');
+            *
+            * @param type
+            */
+        type(type: string): Response;
+
+        /**
+            * Respond to the Acceptable formats using an `obj`
+            * of mime-type callbacks.
+            *
+            * This method uses `req.accepted`, an array of
+            * acceptable types ordered by their quality values.
+            * When "Accept" is not present the _first_ callback
+            * is invoked, otherwise the first match is used. When
+            * no match is performed the server responds with
+            * 406 "Not Acceptable".
+            *
+            * Content-Type is set for you, however if you choose
+            * you may alter this within the callback using `res.type()`
+            * or `res.set('Content-Type', ...)`.
+            *
+            *    res.format({
+            *      'text/plain': function(){
+            *        res.send('hey');
+            *      },
+            *
+            *      'text/html': function(){
+            *        res.send('<p>hey</p>');
+            *      },
+            *
+            *      'appliation/json': function(){
+            *        res.send({ message: 'hey' });
+            *      }
+            *    });
+            *
+            * In addition to canonicalized MIME types you may
+            * also use extnames mapped to these types:
+            *
+            *    res.format({
+            *      text: function(){
+            *        res.send('hey');
+            *      },
+            *
+            *      html: function(){
+            *        res.send('<p>hey</p>');
+            *      },
+            *
+            *      json: function(){
+            *        res.send({ message: 'hey' });
+            *      }
+            *    });
+            *
+            * By default Express passes an `Error`
+            * with a `.status` of 406 to `next(err)`
+            * if a match is not made. If you provide
+            * a `.default` callback it will be invoked
+            * instead.
+            *
+            * @param obj
+            */
+        format(obj: any): Response;
+
+        /**
+            * Set _Content-Disposition_ header to _attachment_ with optional `filename`.
+            *
+            * @param filename
+            */
+        attachment(filename?: string): Response;
+
+        /**
+            * Set header `field` to `val`, or pass
+            * an object of header fields.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *    res.set('Foo', ['bar', 'baz']);
+            *    res.set('Accept', 'application/json');
+            *    res.set({ Accept: 'text/plain', 'X-API-Key': 'tobi' });
+            *
+            * Aliased as `res.header()`.
+            */
+        set(field: any): Response;
+        set(field: string, value?: string): Response;
+
+        header(field: any): Response;
+        header(field: string, value?: string): Response;
+
+        // Property indicating if HTTP headers has been sent for the response.
+        headersSent: boolean;
+
+        /**
+            * Get value for header `field`.
+            *
+            * @param field
+            */
+        get(field: string): string;
+
+        /**
+            * Clear cookie `name`.
+            *
+            * @param name
+            * @param options
+            */
+        clearCookie(name: string, options?: any): Response;
+
+        /**
+            * Set cookie `name` to `val`, with the given `options`.
+            *
+            * Options:
+            *
+            *    - `maxAge`   max-age in milliseconds, converted to `expires`
+            *    - `signed`   sign the cookie
+            *    - `path`     defaults to "/"
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *    // "Remember Me" for 15 minutes
+            *    res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { expires: new Date(Date.now() + 900000), httpOnly: true });
+            *
+            *    // save as above
+            *    res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { maxAge: 900000, httpOnly: true })
+            */
+        cookie(name: string, val: string, options: CookieOptions): Response;
+        cookie(name: string, val: any, options: CookieOptions): Response;
+        cookie(name: string, val: any): Response;
+
+        /**
+            * Set the location header to `url`.
+            *
+            * The given `url` can also be the name of a mapped url, for
+            * example by default express supports "back" which redirects
+            * to the _Referrer_ or _Referer_ headers or "/".
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *    res.location('/foo/bar').;
+            *    res.location('http://example.com');
+            *    res.location('../login'); // /blog/post/1 -> /blog/login
+            *
+            * Mounting:
+            *
+            *   When an application is mounted and `res.location()`
+            *   is given a path that does _not_ lead with "/" it becomes
+            *   relative to the mount-point. For example if the application
+            *   is mounted at "/blog", the following would become "/blog/login".
+            *
+            *      res.location('login');
+            *
+            *   While the leading slash would result in a location of "/login":
+            *
+            *      res.location('/login');
+            *
+            * @param url
+            */
+        location(url: string): Response;
+
+        /**
+            * Redirect to the given `url` with optional response `status`
+            * defaulting to 302.
+            *
+            * The resulting `url` is determined by `res.location()`, so
+            * it will play nicely with mounted apps, relative paths,
+            * `"back"` etc.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *    res.redirect('/foo/bar');
+            *    res.redirect('http://example.com');
+            *    res.redirect(301, 'http://example.com');
+            *    res.redirect('http://example.com', 301);
+            *    res.redirect('../login'); // /blog/post/1 -> /blog/login
+            */
+        redirect(url: string): void;
+        redirect(status: number, url: string): void;
+        redirect(url: string, status: number): void;
+
+        /**
+            * Render `view` with the given `options` and optional callback `fn`.
+            * When a callback function is given a response will _not_ be made
+            * automatically, otherwise a response of _200_ and _text/html_ is given.
+            *
+            * Options:
+            *
+            *  - `cache`     boolean hinting to the engine it should cache
+            *  - `filename`  filename of the view being rendered
+            */
+        render(view: string, options?: Object, callback?: (err: Error, html: string) => void): void;
+        render(view: string, callback?: (err: Error, html: string) => void): void;
+
+        locals: any;
+
+        charset: string;
+
+        /**
+         * Adds the field to the Vary response header, if it is not there already.
+         * Examples:
+         *
+         *     res.vary('User-Agent').render('docs');
+         *
+         */
+        vary(field: string): Response;
+    }
+
+    interface Handler extends RequestHandler { }
+
+    interface RequestParamHandler {
+        (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction, value: any, name: string): any;
+    }
+
+    interface Application extends IRouter, Express.Application {
+        /**
+            * Initialize the server.
+            *
+            *   - setup default configuration
+            *   - setup default middleware
+            *   - setup route reflection methods
+            */
+        init(): void;
+
+        /**
+            * Initialize application configuration.
+            */
+        defaultConfiguration(): void;
+
+        /**
+            * Register the given template engine callback `fn`
+            * as `ext`.
+            *
+            * By default will `require()` the engine based on the
+            * file extension. For example if you try to render
+            * a "foo.jade" file Express will invoke the following internally:
+            *
+            *     app.engine('jade', require('jade').__express);
+            *
+            * For engines that do not provide `.__express` out of the box,
+            * or if you wish to "map" a different extension to the template engine
+            * you may use this method. For example mapping the EJS template engine to
+            * ".html" files:
+            *
+            *     app.engine('html', require('ejs').renderFile);
+            *
+            * In this case EJS provides a `.renderFile()` method with
+            * the same signature that Express expects: `(path, options, callback)`,
+            * though note that it aliases this method as `ejs.__express` internally
+            * so if you're using ".ejs" extensions you dont need to do anything.
+            *
+            * Some template engines do not follow this convention, the
+            * [Consolidate.js](https://github.com/visionmedia/consolidate.js)
+            * library was created to map all of node's popular template
+            * engines to follow this convention, thus allowing them to
+            * work seamlessly within Express.
+            */
+        engine(ext: string, fn: Function): Application;
+
+        /**
+            * Assign `setting` to `val`, or return `setting`'s value.
+            *
+            *    app.set('foo', 'bar');
+            *    app.get('foo');
+            *    // => "bar"
+            *    app.set('foo', ['bar', 'baz']);
+            *    app.get('foo');
+            *    // => ["bar", "baz"]
+            *
+            * Mounted servers inherit their parent server's settings.
+            *
+            * @param setting
+            * @param val
+            */
+        set(setting: string, val: any): Application;
+        get: {(name: string): any;} & IRouterMatcher<this>;
+
+        param(name: string | string[], handler: RequestParamHandler): this;
+        // Alternatively, you can pass only a callback, in which case you have the opportunity to alter the app.param() API
+        param(callback: (name: string, matcher: RegExp) => RequestParamHandler): this;
+
+        /**
+            * Return the app's absolute pathname
+            * based on the parent(s) that have
+            * mounted it.
+            *
+            * For example if the application was
+            * mounted as "/admin", which itself
+            * was mounted as "/blog" then the
+            * return value would be "/blog/admin".
+            */
+        path(): string;
+
+        /**
+            * Check if `setting` is enabled (truthy).
+            *
+            *    app.enabled('foo')
+            *    // => false
+            *
+            *    app.enable('foo')
+            *    app.enabled('foo')
+            *    // => true
+            */
+        enabled(setting: string): boolean;
+
+        /**
+            * Check if `setting` is disabled.
+            *
+            *    app.disabled('foo')
+            *    // => true
+            *
+            *    app.enable('foo')
+            *    app.disabled('foo')
+            *    // => false
+            *
+            * @param setting
+            */
+        disabled(setting: string): boolean;
+
+        /**
+            * Enable `setting`.
+            *
+            * @param setting
+            */
+        enable(setting: string): Application;
+
+        /**
+            * Disable `setting`.
+            *
+            * @param setting
+            */
+        disable(setting: string): Application;
+
+        /**
+            * Configure callback for zero or more envs,
+            * when no `env` is specified that callback will
+            * be invoked for all environments. Any combination
+            * can be used multiple times, in any order desired.
+            *
+            * Examples:
+            *
+            *    app.configure(function(){
+            *      // executed for all envs
+            *    });
+            *
+            *    app.configure('stage', function(){
+            *      // executed staging env
+            *    });
+            *
+            *    app.configure('stage', 'production', function(){
+            *      // executed for stage and production
+            *    });
+            *
+            * Note:
+            *
+            *  These callbacks are invoked immediately, and
+            *  are effectively sugar for the following:
+            *
+            *     var env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development';
+            *
+            *      switch (env) {
+            *        case 'development':
+            *          ...
+            *          break;
+            *        case 'stage':
+            *          ...
+            *          break;
+            *        case 'production':
+            *          ...
+            *          break;
+            *      }
+            *
+            * @param env
+            * @param fn
+            */
+        configure(fn: Function): Application;
+        configure(env0: string, fn: Function): Application;
+        configure(env0: string, env1: string, fn: Function): Application;
+        configure(env0: string, env1: string, env2: string, fn: Function): Application;
+        configure(env0: string, env1: string, env2: string, env3: string, fn: Function): Application;
+        configure(env0: string, env1: string, env2: string, env3: string, env4: string, fn: Function): Application;
+
+        /**
+            * Render the given view `name` name with `options`
+            * and a callback accepting an error and the
+            * rendered template string.
+            *
+            * Example:
+            *
+            *    app.render('email', { name: 'Tobi' }, function(err, html){
+            *      // ...
+            *    })
+            *
+            * @param name
+            * @param options or fn
+            * @param fn
+            */
+        render(name: string, options?: Object, callback?: (err: Error, html: string) => void): void;
+        render(name: string, callback: (err: Error, html: string) => void): void;
+
+
+        /**
+            * Listen for connections.
+            *
+            * A node `http.Server` is returned, with this
+            * application (which is a `Function`) as its
+            * callback. If you wish to create both an HTTP
+            * and HTTPS server you may do so with the "http"
+            * and "https" modules as shown here:
+            *
+            *    var http = require('http')
+            *      , https = require('https')
+            *      , express = require('express')
+            *      , app = express();
+            *
+            *    http.createServer(app).listen(80);
+            *    https.createServer({ ... }, app).listen(443);
+            */
+        listen(port: number, hostname: string, backlog: number, callback?: Function): http.Server;
+        listen(port: number, hostname: string, callback?: Function): http.Server;
+        listen(port: number, callback?: Function): http.Server;
+        listen(path: string, callback?: Function): http.Server;
+        listen(handle: any, listeningListener?: Function): http.Server;
+
+        router: string;
+
+        settings: any;
+
+        resource: any;
+
+        map: any;
+
+        locals: any;
+
+        /**
+            * The app.routes object houses all of the routes defined mapped by the
+            * associated HTTP verb. This object may be used for introspection
+            * capabilities, for example Express uses this internally not only for
+            * routing but to provide default OPTIONS behaviour unless app.options()
+            * is used. Your application or framework may also remove routes by
+            * simply by removing them from this object.
+            */
+        routes: any;
+    }
+
+    interface Express extends Application {
+        /**
+            * Framework version.
+            */
+        version: string;
+
+        /**
+            * Expose mime.
+            */
+        mime: string;
+
+        (): Application;
+
+        /**
+        * Create an express application.
+        */
+        createApplication(): Application;
+
+        createServer(): Application;
+
+        application: any;
+
+        request: Request;
+
+        response: Response;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express-serve-static-core.typings.json b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express-serve-static-core.typings.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ddceb4c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express-serve-static-core.typings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "resolution": "main",
+  "tree": {
+    "src": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/ff4757f0c652ebcdc5b717bc7787fcc955aac2d5/express-serve-static-core/express-serve-static-core.d.ts",
+    "raw": "registry:dt/express-serve-static-core#4.0.0+20160829034835",
+    "typings": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/ff4757f0c652ebcdc5b717bc7787fcc955aac2d5/express-serve-static-core/express-serve-static-core.d.ts"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express.d.ts b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express.d.ts
index b0c806c2a..2bd532404 100644
--- a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express.d.ts
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express.d.ts
@@ -1,1817 +1,42 @@
-// Type definitions for Express 3.1
-// Project: http://expressjs.com
-// Definitions by: Boris Yankov <https://github.com/borisyankov/>
-// DefinitelyTyped: https://github.com/borisyankov/DefinitelyTyped
-
-/* =================== USAGE =================== 
-
-    import express = require('express');
-    var app = express();
-
- =============================================== */
-
+// Generated by typings
+// Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/5fd6d6b4eaabda87d19ad13b7d6709443617ddd8/express/express.d.ts
 declare module "express" {
-    import http = require('http');
-
-    // Merged declaration, e is both a callable function and a namespace
-    function e(): e.Express;
-
-    module e {
-        interface IRoute {
-            path: string;
-
-            method: string;
-
-            callbacks: Function[];
-
-            regexp: any;
-
-            /**
-            * Check if this route matches `path`, if so
-            * populate `.params`.
-            */
-            match(path: string): boolean;
-        }
-
-        class Route implements IRoute {
-            path: string;
-
-            method: string;
-
-            callbacks: Function[];
-
-            regexp: any;
-            match(path: string): boolean;
-
-            /**
-             * Initialize `Route` with the given HTTP `method`, `path`,
-             * and an array of `callbacks` and `options`.
-             *
-             * Options:
-             *
-             *   - `sensitive`    enable case-sensitive routes
-             *   - `strict`       enable strict matching for trailing slashes
-             *
-             * @param method
-             * @param path
-             * @param callbacks
-             * @param options
-             */
-            new(method: string, path: string, callbacks: Function[], options: any): Route;
-        }
-
-        interface IRouter<T> {
-            /**
-             * Map the given param placeholder `name`(s) to the given callback(s).
-             *
-             * Parameter mapping is used to provide pre-conditions to routes
-             * which use normalized placeholders. For example a _:user_id_ parameter
-             * could automatically load a user's information from the database without
-             * any additional code,
-             *
-             * The callback uses the samesignature as middleware, the only differencing
-             * being that the value of the placeholder is passed, in this case the _id_
-             * of the user. Once the `next()` function is invoked, just like middleware
-             * it will continue on to execute the route, or subsequent parameter functions.
-             *
-             *      app.param('user_id', function(req, res, next, id){
-             *        User.find(id, function(err, user){
-             *          if (err) {
-             *            next(err);
-             *          } else if (user) {
-             *            req.user = user;
-             *            next();
-             *          } else {
-             *            next(new Error('failed to load user'));
-             *          }
-             *        });
-             *      });
-             *
-             * @param name
-             * @param fn
-             */
-            param(name: string, fn: Function): T;
-
-            param(name: string[], fn: Function): T;
-
-            /**
-             * Special-cased "all" method, applying the given route `path`,
-             * middleware, and callback to _every_ HTTP method.
-             *
-             * @param path
-             * @param fn
-             */
-            all(path: string, fn?: (req: Request, res: Response, next: Function) => any): T;
-
-            all(path: string, ...callbacks: Function[]): void;
-
-            get(name: string): string;
-
-            get(name: string, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): T;
-
-            get(name: RegExp, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): T;
-
-            post(name: string, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): T;
-
-            post(name: RegExp, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): T;
-
-            put(name: string, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): T;
-
-            put(name: RegExp, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): T;
-
-            del(name: string, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): T;
-
-            del(name: RegExp, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): T;
-
-            patch(name: string, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): T;
-
-            patch(name: RegExp, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): T;
-        }
-
-        export class Router implements IRouter<Router> {
-            new(options?: any): Router;
-
-            middleware(): any;
-
-            param(name: string, fn: Function): Router;
-
-            param(name: any[], fn: Function): Router;
-
-            all(path: string, fn?: (req: Request, res: Response, next: Function) => any): Router;
-
-            all(path: string, ...callbacks: Function[]): void;
-
-            get(name: string): string;
-
-            get(name: string, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): Router;
-
-            get(name: RegExp, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): Router;
-
-            post(name: string, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): Router;
-
-            post(name: RegExp, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): Router;
-
-            put(name: string, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): Router;
-
-            put(name: RegExp, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): Router;
-
-            del(name: string, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): Router;
-
-            del(name: RegExp, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): Router;
-
-            patch(name: string, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): Router;
-
-            patch(name: RegExp, ...handlers: RequestFunction[]): Router;
-        }
-
-        interface Handler {
-            (req: Request, res: Response, next?: Function): void;
-        }
-
-        interface CookieOptions {
-            maxAge?: number;
-            signed?: boolean;
-            expires?: Date;
-            httpOnly?: boolean;
-            path?: string;
-            domain?: string;
-            secure?: boolean;
-        }
-
-        interface Errback { (err: Error): void; }
-
-        interface Session {
-            /**
-             * Update reset `.cookie.maxAge` to prevent
-             * the cookie from expiring when the
-             * session is still active.
-             *
-             * @return {Session} for chaining
-             * @api public
-             */
-            touch(): Session;
-
-            /**
-             * Reset `.maxAge` to `.originalMaxAge`.
-             */
-            resetMaxAge(): Session;
-
-            /**
-             * Save the session data with optional callback `fn(err)`.
-             */
-            save(fn: Function): Session;
-
-            /**
-             * Re-loads the session data _without_ altering
-             * the maxAge properties. Invokes the callback `fn(err)`,
-             * after which time if no exception has occurred the
-             * `req.session` property will be a new `Session` object,
-             * although representing the same session.
-             */
-            reload(fn: Function): Session;
-
-            /**
-             * Destroy `this` session.
-             */
-            destroy(fn: Function): Session;
-
-            /**
-             * Regenerate this request's session.
-             */
-            regenerate(fn: Function): Session;
-
-            user: any;
-
-            error: string;
-
-            success: string;
-
-            views: any;
-
-            count: number;
-        }
-
-        interface Request {
-
-            session: Session;
-
-            /**
-             * Return request header.
-             *
-             * The `Referrer` header field is special-cased,
-             * both `Referrer` and `Referer` are interchangeable.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *     req.get('Content-Type');
-             *     // => "text/plain"
-             *
-             *     req.get('content-type');
-             *     // => "text/plain"
-             *
-             *     req.get('Something');
-             *     // => undefined
-             *
-             * Aliased as `req.header()`.
-             *
-             * @param name
-             */
-            get(name: string): string;
-
-            header(name: string): string;
-
-            headers: string[];
-
-            /**
-             * Check if the given `type(s)` is acceptable, returning
-             * the best match when true, otherwise `undefined`, in which
-             * case you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
-             *
-             * The `type` value may be a single mime type string
-             * such as "application/json", the extension name
-             * such as "json", a comma-delimted list such as "json, html, text/plain",
-             * or an array `["json", "html", "text/plain"]`. When a list
-             * or array is given the _best_ match, if any is returned.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *     // Accept: text/html
-             *     req.accepts('html');
-             *     // => "html"
-             *
-             *     // Accept: text/*, application/json
-             *     req.accepts('html');
-             *     // => "html"
-             *     req.accepts('text/html');
-             *     // => "text/html"
-             *     req.accepts('json, text');
-             *     // => "json"
-             *     req.accepts('application/json');
-             *     // => "application/json"
-             *
-             *     // Accept: text/*, application/json
-             *     req.accepts('image/png');
-             *     req.accepts('png');
-             *     // => undefined
-             *
-             *     // Accept: text/*;q=.5, application/json
-             *     req.accepts(['html', 'json']);
-             *     req.accepts('html, json');
-             *     // => "json"
-             */
-            accepts(type: string): string;
-
-            accepts(type: string[]): string;
-
-            /**
-             * Check if the given `charset` is acceptable,
-             * otherwise you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
-             *
-             * @param charset
-             */
-            acceptsCharset(charset: string): boolean;
-
-            /**
-             * Check if the given `lang` is acceptable,
-             * otherwise you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
-             *
-             * @param lang
-             */
-            acceptsLanguage(lang: string): boolean;
-
-            /**
-             * Parse Range header field,
-             * capping to the given `size`.
-             *
-             * Unspecified ranges such as "0-" require
-             * knowledge of your resource length. In
-             * the case of a byte range this is of course
-             * the total number of bytes. If the Range
-             * header field is not given `null` is returned,
-             * `-1` when unsatisfiable, `-2` when syntactically invalid.
-             *
-             * NOTE: remember that ranges are inclusive, so
-             * for example "Range: users=0-3" should respond
-             * with 4 users when available, not 3.
-             *
-             * @param size
-             */
-            range(size: number): any[];
-
-            /**
-             * Return an array of Accepted media types
-             * ordered from highest quality to lowest.
-             */
-            accepted: MediaType[];
-
-            /**
-             * Return an array of Accepted languages
-             * ordered from highest quality to lowest.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *     Accept-Language: en;q=.5, en-us
-             *     ['en-us', 'en']
-             */
-            acceptedLanguages: any[];
-
-            /**
-             * Return an array of Accepted charsets
-             * ordered from highest quality to lowest.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *     Accept-Charset: iso-8859-5;q=.2, unicode-1-1;q=0.8
-             *     ['unicode-1-1', 'iso-8859-5']
-             */
-            acceptedCharsets: any[];
-
-            /**
-             * Return the value of param `name` when present or `defaultValue`.
-             *
-             *  - Checks route placeholders, ex: _/user/:id_
-             *  - Checks body params, ex: id=12, {"id":12}
-             *  - Checks query string params, ex: ?id=12
-             *
-             * To utilize request bodies, `req.body`
-             * should be an object. This can be done by using
-             * the `connect.bodyParser()` middleware.
-             *
-             * @param name
-             * @param defaultValue
-             */
-            param(name: string, defaultValue?: any): string;
-
-            /**
-             * Check if the incoming request contains the "Content-Type"
-             * header field, and it contains the give mime `type`.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *      // With Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
-             *      req.is('html');
-             *      req.is('text/html');
-             *      req.is('text/*');
-             *      // => true
-             *
-             *      // When Content-Type is application/json
-             *      req.is('json');
-             *      req.is('application/json');
-             *      req.is('application/*');
-             *      // => true
-             *
-             *      req.is('html');
-             *      // => false
-             *
-             * @param type
-             */
-            is(type: string): boolean;
-
-            /**
-             * Return the protocol string "http" or "https"
-             * when requested with TLS. When the "trust proxy"
-             * setting is enabled the "X-Forwarded-Proto" header
-             * field will be trusted. If you're running behind
-             * a reverse proxy that supplies https for you this
-             * may be enabled.
-             */
-            protocol: string;
-
-            /**
-             * Short-hand for:
-             *
-             *    req.protocol == 'https'
-             */
-            secure: boolean;
-
-            /**
-             * Return the remote address, or when
-             * "trust proxy" is `true` return
-             * the upstream addr.
-             */
-            ip: string;
-
-            /**
-             * When "trust proxy" is `true`, parse
-             * the "X-Forwarded-For" ip address list.
-             *
-             * For example if the value were "client, proxy1, proxy2"
-             * you would receive the array `["client", "proxy1", "proxy2"]`
-             * where "proxy2" is the furthest down-stream.
-             */
-            ips: string[];
-
-            /**
-             * Return basic auth credentials.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *    // http://tobi:hello@example.com
-             *    req.auth
-             *    // => { username: 'tobi', password: 'hello' }
-             */
-            auth: any;
-
-            /**
-             * Return subdomains as an array.
-             *
-             * Subdomains are the dot-separated parts of the host before the main domain of
-             * the app. By default, the domain of the app is assumed to be the last two
-             * parts of the host. This can be changed by setting "subdomain offset".
-             *
-             * For example, if the domain is "tobi.ferrets.example.com":
-             * If "subdomain offset" is not set, req.subdomains is `["ferrets", "tobi"]`.
-             * If "subdomain offset" is 3, req.subdomains is `["tobi"]`.
-             */
-            subdomains: string[];
-
-            /**
-             * Short-hand for `url.parse(req.url).pathname`.
-             */
-            path: string;
-
-            /**
-             * Parse the "Host" header field hostname.
-             */
-            host: string;
-
-            /**
-             * Check if the request is fresh, aka
-             * Last-Modified and/or the ETag
-             * still match.
-             */
-            fresh: boolean;
-
-            /**
-             * Check if the request is stale, aka
-             * "Last-Modified" and / or the "ETag" for the
-             * resource has changed.
-             */
-            stale: boolean;
-
-            /**
-             * Check if the request was an _XMLHttpRequest_.
-             */
-            xhr: boolean;
-
-            //body: { username: string; password: string; remember: boolean; title: string; };
-            body: any;
-
-            //cookies: { string; remember: boolean; };
-            cookies: any;
-
-            /**
-             * Used to generate an anti-CSRF token.
-             * Placed by the CSRF protection middleware.
-             */
-            csrfToken(): string;
-
-            method: string;
-
-            params: any;
-
-            user: any;
-
-            authenticatedUser: any;
-
-            files: any;
-
-            /**
-             * Clear cookie `name`.
-             *
-             * @param name
-             * @param options
-             */
-            clearCookie(name: string, options?: any): Response;
-
-            query: any;
-
-            route: any;
-
-            signedCookies: any;
-
-            originalUrl: string;
-
-            url: string;
-        }
-
-        interface MediaType {
-            value: string;
-            quality: number;
-            type: string;
-            subtype: string;
-        }
-
-        interface Send {
-            (status: number, body?: any): Response;
-            (body: any): Response;
-        }
-
-        interface Response extends http.ServerResponse {
-            /**
-             * Set status `code`.
-             *
-             * @param code
-             */
-            status(code: number): Response;
-
-            /**
-             * Set Link header field with the given `links`.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *    res.links({
-             *      next: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=2',
-             *      last: 'http://api.example.com/users?page=5'
-             *    });
-             *
-             * @param links
-             */
-            links(links: any): Response;
-
-            /**
-             * Send a response.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *     res.send(new Buffer('wahoo'));
-             *     res.send({ some: 'json' });
-             *     res.send('<p>some html</p>');
-             *     res.send(404, 'Sorry, cant find that');
-             *     res.send(404);
-             */
-            send: Send;
-
-            /**
-             * Send JSON response.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *     res.json(null);
-             *     res.json({ user: 'tj' });
-             *     res.json(500, 'oh noes!');
-             *     res.json(404, 'I dont have that');
-             */
-            json: Send;
-
-            /**
-             * Send JSON response with JSONP callback support.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *     res.jsonp(null);
-             *     res.jsonp({ user: 'tj' });
-             *     res.jsonp(500, 'oh noes!');
-             *     res.jsonp(404, 'I dont have that');
-             */
-            jsonp: Send;
-
-            /**
-             * Transfer the file at the given `path`.
-             *
-             * Automatically sets the _Content-Type_ response header field.
-             * The callback `fn(err)` is invoked when the transfer is complete
-             * or when an error occurs. Be sure to check `res.sentHeader`
-             * if you wish to attempt responding, as the header and some data
-             * may have already been transferred.
-             *
-             * Options:
-             *
-             *   - `maxAge` defaulting to 0
-             *   - `root`   root directory for relative filenames
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *  The following example illustrates how `res.sendfile()` may
-             *  be used as an alternative for the `static()` middleware for
-             *  dynamic situations. The code backing `res.sendfile()` is actually
-             *  the same code, so HTTP cache support etc is identical.
-             *
-             *     app.get('/user/:uid/photos/:file', function(req, res){
-             *       var uid = req.params.uid
-             *         , file = req.params.file;
-             *
-             *       req.user.mayViewFilesFrom(uid, function(yes){
-             *         if (yes) {
-             *           res.sendfile('/uploads/' + uid + '/' + file);
-             *         } else {
-             *           res.send(403, 'Sorry! you cant see that.');
-             *         }
-             *       });
-             *     });
-             */
-            sendfile(path: string): void;
-
-            sendfile(path: string, options: any): void;
-
-            sendfile(path: string, fn: Errback): void;
-
-            sendfile(path: string, options: any, fn: Errback): void;
-
-            /**
-             * Transfer the file at the given `path` as an attachment.
-             *
-             * Optionally providing an alternate attachment `filename`,
-             * and optional callback `fn(err)`. The callback is invoked
-             * when the data transfer is complete, or when an error has
-             * ocurred. Be sure to check `res.headerSent` if you plan to respond.
-             *
-             * This method uses `res.sendfile()`.
-             */
-            download(path: string): void;
-
-            download(path: string, filename: string): void;
-
-            download(path: string, fn: Errback): void;
-
-            download(path: string, filename: string, fn: Errback): void;
-
-            /**
-             * Set _Content-Type_ response header with `type` through `mime.lookup()`
-             * when it does not contain "/", or set the Content-Type to `type` otherwise.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *     res.type('.html');
-             *     res.type('html');
-             *     res.type('json');
-             *     res.type('application/json');
-             *     res.type('png');
-             *
-             * @param type
-             */
-            contentType(type: string): Response;
-
-            /**
-             * Set _Content-Type_ response header with `type` through `mime.lookup()`
-             * when it does not contain "/", or set the Content-Type to `type` otherwise.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *     res.type('.html');
-             *     res.type('html');
-             *     res.type('json');
-             *     res.type('application/json');
-             *     res.type('png');
-             *
-             * @param type
-             */
-            type(type: string): Response;
-
-            /**
-             * Respond to the Acceptable formats using an `obj`
-             * of mime-type callbacks.
-             *
-             * This method uses `req.accepted`, an array of
-             * acceptable types ordered by their quality values.
-             * When "Accept" is not present the _first_ callback
-             * is invoked, otherwise the first match is used. When
-             * no match is performed the server responds with
-             * 406 "Not Acceptable".
-             *
-             * Content-Type is set for you, however if you choose
-             * you may alter this within the callback using `res.type()`
-             * or `res.set('Content-Type', ...)`.
-             *
-             *    res.format({
-             *      'text/plain': function(){
-             *        res.send('hey');
-             *      },
-             *
-             *      'text/html': function(){
-             *        res.send('<p>hey</p>');
-             *      },
-             *
-             *      'appliation/json': function(){
-             *        res.send({ message: 'hey' });
-             *      }
-             *    });
-             *
-             * In addition to canonicalized MIME types you may
-             * also use extnames mapped to these types:
-             *
-             *    res.format({
-             *      text: function(){
-             *        res.send('hey');
-             *      },
-             *
-             *      html: function(){
-             *        res.send('<p>hey</p>');
-             *      },
-             *
-             *      json: function(){
-             *        res.send({ message: 'hey' });
-             *      }
-             *    });
-             *
-             * By default Express passes an `Error`
-             * with a `.status` of 406 to `next(err)`
-             * if a match is not made. If you provide
-             * a `.default` callback it will be invoked
-             * instead.
-             *
-             * @param obj
-             */
-            format(obj: any): Response;
-
-            /**
-             * Set _Content-Disposition_ header to _attachment_ with optional `filename`.
-             *
-             * @param filename
-             */
-            attachment(filename?: string): Response;
-
-            /**
-             * Set header `field` to `val`, or pass
-             * an object of header fields.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *    res.set('Foo', ['bar', 'baz']);
-             *    res.set('Accept', 'application/json');
-             *    res.set({ Accept: 'text/plain', 'X-API-Key': 'tobi' });
-             *
-             * Aliased as `res.header()`.
-             */
-            set(field: any): Response;
-
-            set(field: string, value?: string): Response;
-
-            header(field: any): Response;
-
-            header(field: string, value?: string): Response;
-
-            /**
-             * Get value for header `field`.
-             *
-             * @param field
-             */
-            get(field: string): string;
-
-            /**
-             * Clear cookie `name`.
-             *
-             * @param name
-             * @param options
-             */
-            clearCookie(name: string, options?: any): Response;
-
-            /**
-             * Set cookie `name` to `val`, with the given `options`.
-             *
-             * Options:
-             *
-             *    - `maxAge`   max-age in milliseconds, converted to `expires`
-             *    - `signed`   sign the cookie
-             *    - `path`     defaults to "/"
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *    // "Remember Me" for 15 minutes
-             *    res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { expires: new Date(Date.now() + 900000), httpOnly: true });
-             *
-             *    // save as above
-             *    res.cookie('rememberme', '1', { maxAge: 900000, httpOnly: true })
-             */
-            cookie(name: string, val: string, options: CookieOptions): Response;
-
-            cookie(name: string, val: any, options: CookieOptions): Response;
-
-            cookie(name: string, val: any): Response;
-
-            /**
-             * Set the location header to `url`.
-             *
-             * The given `url` can also be the name of a mapped url, for
-             * example by default express supports "back" which redirects
-             * to the _Referrer_ or _Referer_ headers or "/".
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *    res.location('/foo/bar').;
-             *    res.location('http://example.com');
-             *    res.location('../login'); // /blog/post/1 -> /blog/login
-             *
-             * Mounting:
-             *
-             *   When an application is mounted and `res.location()`
-             *   is given a path that does _not_ lead with "/" it becomes
-             *   relative to the mount-point. For example if the application
-             *   is mounted at "/blog", the following would become "/blog/login".
-             *
-             *      res.location('login');
-             *
-             *   While the leading slash would result in a location of "/login":
-             *
-             *      res.location('/login');
-             *
-             * @param url
-             */
-            location(url: string): Response;
-
-            /**
-             * Redirect to the given `url` with optional response `status`
-             * defaulting to 302.
-             *
-             * The resulting `url` is determined by `res.location()`, so
-             * it will play nicely with mounted apps, relative paths,
-             * `"back"` etc.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *    res.redirect('/foo/bar');
-             *    res.redirect('http://example.com');
-             *    res.redirect(301, 'http://example.com');
-             *    res.redirect('http://example.com', 301);
-             *    res.redirect('../login'); // /blog/post/1 -> /blog/login
-             */
-            redirect(url: string): void;
-
-            redirect(status: number, url: string): void;
-
-            redirect(url: string, status: number): void;
-
-            /**
-             * Render `view` with the given `options` and optional callback `fn`.
-             * When a callback function is given a response will _not_ be made
-             * automatically, otherwise a response of _200_ and _text/html_ is given.
-             *
-             * Options:
-             *
-             *  - `cache`     boolean hinting to the engine it should cache
-             *  - `filename`  filename of the view being rendered
-             */
-
-            render(view: string, options?: Object, callback?: (err: Error, html: string) => void): void;
-
-            render(view: string, callback?: (err: Error, html: string) => void): void;
-
-            locals: any;
-
-            charset: string;
-        }
-
-        interface RequestFunction {
-            (req: Request, res: Response, next: Function): any;
-        }
-
-        interface Application extends IRouter<Application> {
-            /**
-             * Initialize the server.
-             *
-             *   - setup default configuration
-             *   - setup default middleware
-             *   - setup route reflection methods
-             */
-            init(): void;
-
-            /**
-             * Initialize application configuration.
-             */
-            defaultConfiguration(): void;
-
-            /**
-             * Proxy `connect#use()` to apply settings to
-             * mounted applications.
-            **/
-            use(route: string, callback?: Function): Application;
-
-            use(route: string, server: Application): Application;
-
-            use(callback: Function): Application;
-
-            use(server: Application): Application;
-
-            /**
-             * Register the given template engine callback `fn`
-             * as `ext`.
-             *
-             * By default will `require()` the engine based on the
-             * file extension. For example if you try to render
-             * a "foo.pug" file Express will invoke the following internally:
-             *
-             *     app.engine('jade', require('jade').__express);
-             *
-             * For engines that do not provide `.__express` out of the box,
-             * or if you wish to "map" a different extension to the template engine
-             * you may use this method. For example mapping the EJS template engine to
-             * ".html" files:
-             *
-             *     app.engine('html', require('ejs').renderFile);
-             *
-             * In this case EJS provides a `.renderFile()` method with
-             * the same signature that Express expects: `(path, options, callback)`,
-             * though note that it aliases this method as `ejs.__express` internally
-             * so if you're using ".ejs" extensions you dont need to do anything.
-             *
-             * Some template engines do not follow this convention, the
-             * [Consolidate.js](https://github.com/visionmedia/consolidate.js)
-             * library was created to map all of node's popular template
-             * engines to follow this convention, thus allowing them to
-             * work seamlessly within Express.
-             */
-            engine(ext: string, fn: Function): Application;
-
-            param(name: string, fn: Function): Application;
-
-            param(name: string[], fn: Function): Application;
-
-            /**
-             * Assign `setting` to `val`, or return `setting`'s value.
-             *
-             *    app.set('foo', 'bar');
-             *    app.get('foo');
-             *    // => "bar"
-             *
-             * Mounted servers inherit their parent server's settings.
-             *
-             * @param setting
-             * @param val
-             */
-            set(setting: string, val: string): Application;
-
-            /**
-             * Return the app's absolute pathname
-             * based on the parent(s) that have
-             * mounted it.
-             *
-             * For example if the application was
-             * mounted as "/admin", which itself
-             * was mounted as "/blog" then the
-             * return value would be "/blog/admin".
-             */
-            path(): string;
-
-            /**
-             * Check if `setting` is enabled (truthy).
-             *
-             *    app.enabled('foo')
-             *    // => false
-             *
-             *    app.enable('foo')
-             *    app.enabled('foo')
-             *    // => true
-             */
-            enabled(setting: string): boolean;
-
-            /**
-             * Check if `setting` is disabled.
-             *
-             *    app.disabled('foo')
-             *    // => true
-             *
-             *    app.enable('foo')
-             *    app.disabled('foo')
-             *    // => false
-             *
-             * @param setting
-             */
-            disabled(setting: string): boolean;
-
-            /**
-             * Enable `setting`.
-             *
-             * @param setting
-             */
-            enable(setting: string): Application;
-
-            /**
-             * Disable `setting`.
-             *
-             * @param setting
-             */
-            disable(setting: string): Application;
-
-            /**
-             * Configure callback for zero or more envs,
-             * when no `env` is specified that callback will
-             * be invoked for all environments. Any combination
-             * can be used multiple times, in any order desired.
-             *
-             * Examples:
-             *
-             *    app.configure(function(){
-             *      // executed for all envs
-             *    });
-             *
-             *    app.configure('stage', function(){
-             *      // executed staging env
-             *    });
-             *
-             *    app.configure('stage', 'production', function(){
-             *      // executed for stage and production
-             *    });
-             *
-             * Note:
-             *
-             *  These callbacks are invoked immediately, and
-             *  are effectively sugar for the following:
-             *
-             *     var env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development';
-             *
-             *      switch (env) {
-             *        case 'development':
-             *          ...
-             *          break;
-             *        case 'stage':
-             *          ...
-             *          break;
-             *        case 'production':
-             *          ...
-             *          break;
-             *      }
-             *
-             * @param env
-             * @param fn
-             */
-            configure(env: string, fn: Function): Application;
-
-            configure(env0: string, env1: string, fn: Function): Application;
-
-            configure(env0: string, env1: string, env2: string, fn: Function): Application;
-
-            configure(env0: string, env1: string, env2: string, env3: string, fn: Function): Application;
-
-            configure(env0: string, env1: string, env2: string, env3: string, env4: string, fn: Function): Application;
-
-            configure(fn: Function): Application;
-
-
-            /**
-             * Render the given view `name` name with `options`
-             * and a callback accepting an error and the
-             * rendered template string.
-             *
-             * Example:
-             *
-             *    app.render('email', { name: 'Tobi' }, function(err, html){
-             *      // ...
-             *    })
-             *
-             * @param name
-             * @param options or fn
-             * @param fn
-             */
-            render(name: string, options?: Object, callback?: (err: Error, html: string) => void): void;
-
-            render(name: string, callback: (err: Error, html: string) => void): void;
-
-
-            /**
-             * Listen for connections.
-             *
-             * A node `http.Server` is returned, with this
-             * application (which is a `Function`) as its
-             * callback. If you wish to create both an HTTP
-             * and HTTPS server you may do so with the "http"
-             * and "https" modules as shown here:
-             *
-             *    var http = require('http')
-             *      , https = require('https')
-             *      , express = require('express')
-             *      , app = express();
-             *
-             *    http.createServer(app).listen(80);
-             *    https.createServer({ ... }, app).listen(443);
-             */
-            listen(port: number, hostname: string, backlog: number, callback?: Function): void;
-
-            listen(port: number, hostname: string, callback?: Function): void;
-
-            listen(port: number, callback?: Function): void;
-
-            listen(path: string, callback?: Function): void;
-
-            listen(handle: any, listeningListener?: Function): void;
-
-            route: IRoute;
-
-            router: string;
-
-            settings: any;
-
-            resource: any;
-
-            map: any;
-
-            locals: any;
-
-            /**
-             * The app.routes object houses all of the routes defined mapped by the
-             * associated HTTP verb. This object may be used for introspection
-             * capabilities, for example Express uses this internally not only for
-             * routing but to provide default OPTIONS behaviour unless app.options()
-             * is used. Your application or framework may also remove routes by
-             * simply by removing them from this object.
-             */
-            routes: any;
-        }
-
-        interface Express extends Application {
-            /**
-             * Framework version.
-             */
-            version: string;
-
-            /**
-             * Expose mime.
-             */
-            mime: string;
-
-            (): Application;
-
-            /**
-            * Create a Node.js Express application.
-            */
-            createApplication(): Application;
-
-            createServer(): Application;
-
-            application: any;
-
-            request: Request;
-
-            response: Response;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Body parser:
-         * 
-         *   Parse request bodies, supports _application/json_,
-         *   _application/x-www-form-urlencoded_, and _multipart/form-data_.
-         *
-         *   This is equivalent to: 
-         *
-         *     app.use(connect.json());
-         *     app.use(connect.urlencoded());
-         *     app.use(connect.multipart());
-         *
-         * Examples:
-         *
-         *      connect()
-         *        .use(connect.bodyParser())
-         *        .use(function(req, res) {
-         *          res.end('viewing user ' + req.body.user.name);
-         *        });
-         *
-         *      $ curl -d 'user[name]=tj' http://local/
-         *      $ curl -d '{"user":{"name":"tj"}}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" http://local/
-         *
-         *  View [json](json.html), [urlencoded](urlencoded.html), and [multipart](multipart.html) for more info.
-         *
-         * @param options
-         */
-        function bodyParser(options?: any): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Error handler:
-         *
-         * Development error handler, providing stack traces
-         * and error message responses for requests accepting text, html,
-         * or json.
-         *
-         * Text:
-         *
-         *   By default, and when _text/plain_ is accepted a simple stack trace
-         *   or error message will be returned.
-         *
-         * JSON:
-         *
-         *   When _application/json_ is accepted, connect will respond with
-         *   an object in the form of `{ "error": error }`.
-         *
-         * HTML:
-         *
-         *   When accepted connect will output a nice html stack trace.
-         */
-        function errorHandler(opts?: any): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Method Override:
-         * 
-         * Provides faux HTTP method support.
-         * 
-         * Pass an optional `key` to use when checking for
-         * a method override, othewise defaults to _\_method_.
-         * The original method is available via `req.originalMethod`.
-         *
-         * @param key
-         */
-        function methodOverride(key?: string): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Cookie parser:
-         *
-         * Parse _Cookie_ header and populate `req.cookies`
-         * with an object keyed by the cookie names. Optionally
-         * you may enabled signed cookie support by passing
-         * a `secret` string, which assigns `req.secret` so
-         * it may be used by other middleware.
-         *
-         * Examples:
-         *
-         *     connect()
-         *       .use(connect.cookieParser('optional secret string'))
-         *       .use(function(req, res, next){
-         *         res.end(JSON.stringify(req.cookies));
-         *       })
-         *
-         * @param secret
-         */
-        function cookieParser(secret?: string): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Session:
-         * 
-         *   Setup session store with the given `options`.
-         *
-         *   Session data is _not_ saved in the cookie itself, however
-         *   cookies are used, so we must use the [cookieParser()](cookieParser.html)
-         *   middleware _before_ `session()`.
-         *
-         * Examples:
-         *
-         *     connect()
-         *       .use(connect.cookieParser())
-         *       .use(connect.session({ secret: 'keyboard cat', key: 'sid', cookie: { secure: true }}))
-         *
-         * Options:
-         *
-         *   - `key` cookie name defaulting to `connect.sid`
-         *   - `store` session store instance
-         *   - `secret` session cookie is signed with this secret to prevent tampering
-         *   - `cookie` session cookie settings, defaulting to `{ path: '/', httpOnly: true, maxAge: null }`
-         *   - `proxy` trust the reverse proxy when setting secure cookies (via "x-forwarded-proto")
-         *
-         * Cookie option:
-         *
-         *  By default `cookie.maxAge` is `null`, meaning no "expires" parameter is set
-         *  so the cookie becomes a browser-session cookie. When the user closes the 
-         *  browser the cookie (and session) will be removed.
-         *
-         * ## req.session
-         *
-         *  To store or access session data, simply use the request property `req.session`,
-         *  which is (generally) serialized as JSON by the store, so nested objects 
-         *  are typically fine. For example below is a user-specific view counter:
-         *
-         *       connect()
-         *         .use(connect.favicon())
-         *         .use(connect.cookieParser())
-         *         .use(connect.session({ secret: 'keyboard cat', cookie: { maxAge: 60000 }}))
-         *         .use(function(req, res, next){
-         *           var sess = req.session;
-         *           if (sess.views) {
-         *             res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html');
-         *             res.write('<p>views: ' + sess.views + '</p>');
-         *             res.write('<p>expires in: ' + (sess.cookie.maxAge / 1000) + 's</p>');
-         *             res.end();
-         *             sess.views++;
-         *           } else {
-         *             sess.views = 1;
-         *             res.end('welcome to the session demo. refresh!');
-         *           }
-         *         }
-         *       )).listen(3000);
-         *
-         * ## Session#regenerate()
-         *
-         *  To regenerate the session simply invoke the method, once complete
-         *  a new SID and `Session` instance will be initialized at `req.session`.
-         *
-         *      req.session.regenerate(function(err){
-         *        // will have a new session here
-         *      });
-         *
-         * ## Session#destroy()
-         *
-         *  Destroys the session, removing `req.session`, will be re-generated next request.
-         *
-         *      req.session.destroy(function(err){
-         *        // cannot access session here
-         *      });
-         * 
-         * ## Session#reload()
-         *
-         *  Reloads the session data.
-         *
-         *      req.session.reload(function(err){
-         *        // session updated
-         *      });
-         *
-         * ## Session#save()
-         *
-         *  Save the session.
-         *
-         *      req.session.save(function(err){
-         *        // session saved
-         *      });
-         *
-         * ## Session#touch()
-         *
-         *   Updates the `.maxAge` property. Typically this is
-         *   not necessary to call, as the session middleware does this for you.
-         *
-         * ## Session#cookie
-         *
-         *  Each session has a unique cookie object accompany it. This allows
-         *  you to alter the session cookie per visitor. For example we can
-         *  set `req.session.cookie.expires` to `false` to enable the cookie
-         *  to remain for only the duration of the user-agent.
-         *
-         * ## Session#maxAge
-         *
-         *  Alternatively `req.session.cookie.maxAge` will return the time
-         *  remaining in milliseconds, which we may also re-assign a new value
-         *  to adjust the `.expires` property appropriately. The following
-         *  are essentially equivalent
-         *
-         *     var hour = 3600000;
-         *     req.session.cookie.expires = new Date(Date.now() + hour);
-         *     req.session.cookie.maxAge = hour;
-         *
-         * For example when `maxAge` is set to `60000` (one minute), and 30 seconds
-         * has elapsed it will return `30000` until the current request has completed,
-         * at which time `req.session.touch()` is called to reset `req.session.maxAge`
-         * to its original value.
-         *
-         *     req.session.cookie.maxAge;
-         *     // => 30000
-         *
-         * Session Store Implementation:
-         *
-         * Every session store _must_ implement the following methods
-         *
-         *    - `.get(sid, callback)`
-         *    - `.set(sid, session, callback)`
-         *    - `.destroy(sid, callback)`
-         *
-         * Recommended methods include, but are not limited to:
-         *
-         *    - `.length(callback)`
-         *    - `.clear(callback)`
-         *
-         * For an example implementation view the [connect-redis](https://github.com/visionmedia/connect-redis) repo.
-         *
-         * @param options
-         */
-        function session(options?: any): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Hash the given `sess` object omitting changes
-         * to `.cookie`.
-         *
-         * @param sess
-         */
-        function hash(sess: string): string;
-
-        /**
-         * Static:
-         *
-         *   Static file server with the given `root` path.
-         *
-         * Examples:
-         *
-         *     var oneDay = 86400000;
-         *
-         *     connect()
-         *       .use(connect.static(__dirname + '/public'))
-         *
-         *     connect()
-         *       .use(connect.static(__dirname + '/public', { maxAge: oneDay }))
-         *
-         * Options:
-         *
-         *    - `maxAge`     Browser cache maxAge in milliseconds. defaults to 0
-         *    - `hidden`     Allow transfer of hidden files. defaults to false
-         *    - `redirect`   Redirect to trailing "/" when the pathname is a dir. defaults to true
-         *
-         * @param root
-         * @param options
-         */
-        function static(root: string, options?: any): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Basic Auth:
-         *
-         * Enfore basic authentication by providing a `callback(user, pass)`,
-         * which must return `true` in order to gain access. Alternatively an async
-         * method is provided as well, invoking `callback(user, pass, callback)`. Populates
-         * `req.user`. The final alternative is simply passing username / password
-         * strings.
-         *
-         *  Simple username and password
-         *
-         *     connect(connect.basicAuth('username', 'password'));
-         *
-         *  Callback verification
-         *
-         *     connect()
-         *       .use(connect.basicAuth(function(user, pass){
-         *         return 'tj' == user & 'wahoo' == pass;
-         *       }))
-         *
-         *  Async callback verification, accepting `fn(err, user)`.
-         *
-         *     connect()
-         *       .use(connect.basicAuth(function(user, pass, fn){
-         *         User.authenticate({ user: user, pass: pass }, fn);
-         *       }))
-         *
-         * @param callback or username
-         * @param realm
-         */
-        export function basicAuth(callback: (user: string, pass: string, fn: Function) => void, realm?: string): Handler;
-
-        export function basicAuth(callback: (user: string, pass: string) => boolean, realm?: string): Handler;
-
-        export function basicAuth(user: string, pass: string, realm?: string): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Compress:
-         *
-         * Compress response data with gzip/deflate.
-         *
-         * Filter:
-         *
-         *  A `filter` callback function may be passed to
-         *  replace the default logic of:
-         *
-         *     exports.filter = function(req, res){
-         *       return /json|text|javascript/.test(res.getHeader('Content-Type'));
-         *     };
-         *
-         * Options:
-         *
-         *  All remaining options are passed to the gzip/deflate
-         *  creation functions. Consult node's docs for additional details.
-         *
-         *   - `chunkSize` (default: 16*1024)
-         *   - `windowBits`
-         *   - `level`: 0-9 where 0 is no compression, and 9 is slow but best compression
-         *   - `memLevel`: 1-9 low is slower but uses less memory, high is fast but uses more
-         *   - `strategy`: compression strategy
-         *
-         * @param options
-         */
-        function compress(options?: any): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Cookie Session:
-         *
-         *   Cookie session middleware.
-         *
-         *      var app = connect();
-         *      app.use(connect.cookieParser());
-         *      app.use(connect.cookieSession({ secret: 'tobo!', cookie: { maxAge: 60 * 60 * 1000 }}));
-         *
-         * Options:
-         *
-         *   - `key` cookie name defaulting to `connect.sess`
-         *   - `secret` prevents cookie tampering
-         *   - `cookie` session cookie settings, defaulting to `{ path: '/', httpOnly: true, maxAge: null }`
-         *   - `proxy` trust the reverse proxy when setting secure cookies (via "x-forwarded-proto")
-         *
-         * Clearing sessions:
-         *
-         *  To clear the session simply set its value to `null`,
-         *  `cookieSession()` will then respond with a 1970 Set-Cookie.
-         *
-         *     req.session = null;
-         *
-         * @param options
-         */
-        function cookieSession(options?: any): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Anti CSRF:
-         *
-         * CSRF protection middleware.
-         *
-         * This middleware adds a `req.csrfToken()` function to make a token
-         * which should be added to requests which mutate
-         * state, within a hidden form field, query-string etc. This
-         * token is validated against the visitor's session.
-         *
-         * The default `value` function checks `req.body` generated
-         * by the `bodyParser()` middleware, `req.query` generated
-         * by `query()`, and the "X-CSRF-Token" header field.
-         *
-         * This middleware requires session support, thus should be added
-         * somewhere _below_ `session()` and `cookieParser()`.
-         *
-         * Options:
-         *
-         *    - `value` a function accepting the request, returning the token
-         *
-         * @param options
-         */
-        export function csrf(options?: { value?: Function }): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Directory:
-         *
-         * Serve directory listings with the given `root` path.
-         *
-         * Options:
-         *
-         *  - `hidden` display hidden (dot) files. Defaults to false.
-         *  - `icons`  display icons. Defaults to false.
-         *  - `filter` Apply this filter function to files. Defaults to false.
-         *
-         * @param root
-         * @param options
-         */
-        function directory(root: string, options?: any): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Favicon:
-         *
-         * By default serves the connect favicon, or the favicon
-         * located by the given `path`.
-         *
-         * Options:
-         *
-         *   - `maxAge`  cache-control max-age directive, defaulting to 1 day
-         *
-         * Examples:
-         *
-         *   Serve default favicon:
-         *
-         *     connect()
-         *       .use(connect.favicon())
-         *
-         *   Serve favicon before logging for brevity:
-         *
-         *     connect()
-         *       .use(connect.favicon())
-         *       .use(connect.logger('dev'))
-         *
-         *   Serve custom favicon:
-         *
-         *     connect()
-         *       .use(connect.favicon('public/favicon.ico))
-         *
-         * @param path
-         * @param options
-         */
-        export function favicon(path?: string, options?: any): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * JSON:
-         *
-         * Parse JSON request bodies, providing the
-         * parsed object as `req.body`.
-         *
-         * Options:
-         *
-         *   - `strict`  when `false` anything `JSON.parse()` accepts will be parsed
-         *   - `reviver`  used as the second "reviver" argument for JSON.parse
-         *   - `limit`  byte limit disabled by default
-         *
-         * @param options
-         */
-        function json(options?: any): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Limit:
-         *
-         *   Limit request bodies to the given size in `bytes`.
-         *
-         *   A string representation of the bytesize may also be passed,
-         *   for example "5mb", "200kb", "1gb", etc.
-         *
-         *     connect()
-         *       .use(connect.limit('5.5mb'))
-         *       .use(handleImageUpload)
-         */
-        function limit(bytes: number): Handler;
-
-        function limit(bytes: string): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Logger:
-         *
-         * Log requests with the given `options` or a `format` string.
-         *
-         * Options:
-         *
-         *   - `format`  Format string, see below for tokens
-         *   - `stream`  Output stream, defaults to _stdout_
-         *   - `buffer`  Buffer duration, defaults to 1000ms when _true_
-         *   - `immediate`  Write log line on request instead of response (for response times)
-         *
-         * Tokens:
-         *
-         *   - `:req[header]` ex: `:req[Accept]`
-         *   - `:res[header]` ex: `:res[Content-Length]`
-         *   - `:http-version`
-         *   - `:response-time`
-         *   - `:remote-addr`
-         *   - `:date`
-         *   - `:method`
-         *   - `:url`
-         *   - `:referrer`
-         *   - `:user-agent`
-         *   - `:status`
-         *
-         * Formats:
-         *
-         *   Pre-defined formats that ship with connect:
-         *
-         *    - `default` ':remote-addr - - [:date] ":method :url HTTP/:http-version" :status :res[content-length] ":referrer" ":user-agent"'
-         *    - `short` ':remote-addr - :method :url HTTP/:http-version :status :res[content-length] - :response-time ms'
-         *    - `tiny`  ':method :url :status :res[content-length] - :response-time ms'
-         *    - `dev` concise output colored by response status for development use
-         *
-         * Examples:
-         *
-         *      connect.logger() // default
-         *      connect.logger('short')
-         *      connect.logger('tiny')
-         *      connect.logger({ immediate: true, format: 'dev' })
-         *      connect.logger(':method :url - :referrer')
-         *      connect.logger(':req[content-type] -> :res[content-type]')
-         *      connect.logger(function(tokens, req, res){ return 'some format string' })
-         *
-         * Defining Tokens:
-         *
-         *   To define a token, simply invoke `connect.logger.token()` with the
-         *   name and a callback function. The value returned is then available
-         *   as ":type" in this case.
-         *
-         *      connect.logger.token('type', function(req, res){ return req.headers['content-type']; })
-         *
-         * Defining Formats:
-         *
-         *   All default formats are defined this way, however it's public API as well:
-         *
-         *       connect.logger.format('name', 'string or function')
-         */
-        function logger(options: string): Handler;
-
-        function logger(options: Function): Handler;
-
-        function logger(options?: any): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Compile `fmt` into a function.
-         *
-         * @param fmt
-         */
-        function compile(fmt: string): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Define a token function with the given `name`,
-         * and callback `fn(req, res)`.
-         *
-         * @param name
-         * @param fn
-         */
-        function token(name: string, fn: Function): any;
-
-        /**
-         * Define a `fmt` with the given `name`.
-         */
-        function format(name: string, str: string): any;
-
-        function format(name: string, str: Function): any;
-
-        /**
-         * Query:
-         *
-         * Automatically parse the query-string when available,
-         * populating the `req.query` object.
-         *
-         * Examples:
-         *
-         *     connect()
-         *       .use(connect.query())
-         *       .use(function(req, res){
-         *         res.end(JSON.stringify(req.query));
-         *       });
-         *
-         *  The `options` passed are provided to qs.parse function.
-         */
-        function query(options: any): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Reponse time:
-         *
-         * Adds the `X-Response-Time` header displaying the response
-         * duration in milliseconds.
-         */
-        function responseTime(): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Static cache:
-         *
-         * Enables a memory cache layer on top of
-         * the `static()` middleware, serving popular
-         * static files.
-         *
-         * By default a maximum of 128 objects are
-         * held in cache, with a max of 256k each,
-         * totalling ~32mb.
-         *
-         * A Least-Recently-Used (LRU) cache algo
-         * is implemented through the `Cache` object,
-         * simply rotating cache objects as they are
-         * hit. This means that increasingly popular
-         * objects maintain their positions while
-         * others get shoved out of the stack and
-         * garbage collected.
-         *
-         * Benchmarks:
-         *
-         *     static(): 2700 rps
-         *     node-static: 5300 rps
-         *     static() + staticCache(): 7500 rps
-         *
-         * Options:
-         *
-         *   - `maxObjects`  max cache objects [128]
-         *   - `maxLength`  max cache object length 256kb
-         */
-        function staticCache(options: any): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Timeout:
-         *
-         * Times out the request in `ms`, defaulting to `5000`. The
-         * method `req.clearTimeout()` is added to revert this behaviour
-         * programmatically within your application's middleware, routes, etc.
-         *
-         * The timeout error is passed to `next()` so that you may customize
-         * the response behaviour. This error has the `.timeout` property as
-         * well as `.status == 408`.
-         */
-        function timeout(ms: number): Handler;
-
-        /**
-         * Vhost:
-         * 
-         *   Setup vhost for the given `hostname` and `server`.
-         *
-         *     connect()
-         *       .use(connect.vhost('foo.com', fooApp))
-         *       .use(connect.vhost('bar.com', barApp))
-         *       .use(connect.vhost('*.com', mainApp))
-         *
-         *  The `server` may be a Connect server or
-         *  a regular Node `http.Server`. 
-         *
-         * @param hostname
-         * @param server
-         */
-        function vhost(hostname: string, server: any): Handler;
-
-        function urlencoded(): any;
-
-        function multipart(): any;
-
+    import * as serveStatic from "serve-static";
+    import * as core from "express-serve-static-core";
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an Express application. The express() function is a top-level function exported by the express module.
+     */
+    function e(): core.Express;
+
+    namespace e {
+
+        /**
+         * This is the only built-in middleware function in Express. It serves static files and is based on serve-static.
+         */
+        var static: typeof serveStatic;
+
+        export function Router(options?: any): core.Router;
+
+        interface Application extends core.Application { }
+        interface CookieOptions extends core.CookieOptions { }
+        interface Errback extends core.Errback { }
+        interface ErrorRequestHandler extends core.ErrorRequestHandler { }
+        interface Express extends core.Express { }
+        interface Handler extends core.Handler { }
+        interface IRoute extends core.IRoute { }
+        interface IRouter extends core.IRouter { }
+        interface IRouterMatcher<T> extends core.IRouterMatcher<T> { }
+        interface IRouterHandler<T> extends core.IRouterHandler<T> { }
+        interface MediaType extends core.MediaType { }
+        interface NextFunction extends core.NextFunction { }
+        interface Request extends core.Request { }
+        interface RequestHandler extends core.RequestHandler { }
+        interface RequestParamHandler extends core.RequestParamHandler { }
+        export interface Response extends core.Response { }
+        interface Router extends core.Router { }
+        interface Send extends core.Send { }
     }
 
     export = e;
 }
-
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express.typings.json b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express.typings.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d16f084f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/express.typings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "resolution": "main",
+  "tree": {
+    "src": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/5fd6d6b4eaabda87d19ad13b7d6709443617ddd8/express/express.d.ts",
+    "raw": "registry:dt/express#4.0.0+20160708185218",
+    "typings": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/5fd6d6b4eaabda87d19ad13b7d6709443617ddd8/express/express.d.ts"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/mime.d.ts b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/mime.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3eb501ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/mime.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Generated by typings
+// Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/56295f5058cac7ae458540423c50ac2dcf9fc711/mime/mime.d.ts
+declare module "mime" {
+	export function lookup(path: string): string;
+	export function extension(mime: string): string;
+	export function load(filepath: string): void;
+	export function define(mimes: Object): void;
+
+	interface Charsets {
+		lookup(mime: string): string;
+	}
+
+	export var charsets: Charsets;
+	export var default_type: string;
+}
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/mine.typings.json b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/mine.typings.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a05df9548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/mine.typings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "resolution": "main",
+  "tree": {
+    "src": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/56295f5058cac7ae458540423c50ac2dcf9fc711/mime/mime.d.ts",
+    "raw": "registry:dt/mime#0.0.0+20160316155526",
+    "typings": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/56295f5058cac7ae458540423c50ac2dcf9fc711/mime/mime.d.ts"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/package.json b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/package.json
index cb61dd763..dbb3d4e38 100644
--- a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/package.json
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/package.json
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 {
   "name": "$npmsafeprojectname$",
   "version": "0.0.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "scripts": {
+    "start": "node ./bin/www"
+  },
   "description": "$projectname$",
-  "main": "app.js",
   "author": {
     "name": "$username$"
   },
+  "main":  "app.js",
   "dependencies": {
-    "express": "3.4.4",
+    "debug": "^2.2.0",
+    "express": "^4.14.0",
     "pug": "^2.0.0-beta6"
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/serve-static.d.ts b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/serve-static.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9ff60b1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/serve-static.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Generated by typings
+// Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/26a1f8c44f5fe76168df717020bfb93839b63db3/serve-static/serve-static.d.ts
+declare module "serve-static" {
+    import * as express from "express-serve-static-core";
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new middleware function to serve files from within a given root directory.
+     * The file to serve will be determined by combining req.url with the provided root directory.
+     * When a file is not found, instead of sending a 404 response, this module will instead call next() to move on to the next middleware, allowing for stacking and fall-backs.
+     */
+    function serveStatic(root: string, options?: serveStatic.ServeStaticOptions): express.Handler;
+
+    import * as m from "mime";
+
+    namespace serveStatic {
+        var mime: typeof m;
+        interface ServeStaticOptions {
+            /**
+             * Set how "dotfiles" are treated when encountered. A dotfile is a file or directory that begins with a dot (".").
+             * Note this check is done on the path itself without checking if the path actually exists on the disk.
+             * If root is specified, only the dotfiles above the root are checked (i.e. the root itself can be within a dotfile when when set to "deny").
+             * The default value is 'ignore'.
+             * 'allow' No special treatment for dotfiles
+             * 'deny' Send a 403 for any request for a dotfile
+             * 'ignore' Pretend like the dotfile does not exist and call next()
+             */
+            dotfiles?: string;
+
+            /**
+             * Enable or disable etag generation, defaults to true.
+             */
+            etag?: boolean;
+
+            /**
+             * Set file extension fallbacks. When set, if a file is not found, the given extensions will be added to the file name and search for.
+             * The first that exists will be served. Example: ['html', 'htm'].
+             * The default value is false.
+             */
+            extensions?: string[];
+
+            /**
+             * Let client errors fall-through as unhandled requests, otherwise forward a client error.
+             * The default value is false.
+             */
+            fallthrough?: boolean;
+
+            /**
+             * By default this module will send "index.html" files in response to a request on a directory.
+             * To disable this set false or to supply a new index pass a string or an array in preferred order.
+             */
+            index?: boolean|string|string[];
+
+            /**
+             * Enable or disable Last-Modified header, defaults to true. Uses the file system's last modified value.
+             */
+            lastModified?: boolean;
+
+            /**
+             * Provide a max-age in milliseconds for http caching, defaults to 0. This can also be a string accepted by the ms module.
+             */
+            maxAge?: number|string;
+
+            /**
+             * Redirect to trailing "/" when the pathname is a dir. Defaults to true.
+             */
+            redirect?: boolean;
+
+            /**
+             * Function to set custom headers on response. Alterations to the headers need to occur synchronously.
+             * The function is called as fn(res, path, stat), where the arguments are:
+             * res the response object
+             * path the file path that is being sent
+             * stat the stat object of the file that is being sent
+             */
+            setHeaders?: (res: express.Response, path: string, stat: any) => any;
+        }
+    }
+
+    export = serveStatic;
+}
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/serve-static.typings.json b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/serve-static.typings.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cea01ddaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/serve-static.typings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "resolution": "main",
+  "tree": {
+    "src": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/26a1f8c44f5fe76168df717020bfb93839b63db3/serve-static/serve-static.d.ts",
+    "raw": "registry:dt/serve-static#0.0.0+20160606155157",
+    "typings": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/26a1f8c44f5fe76168df717020bfb93839b63db3/serve-static/serve-static.d.ts"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/typings.json b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/typings.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7866b6e68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/typings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "globalDependencies": {
+    "express": "registry:dt/express#4.0.0+20160708185218",
+    "express-serve-static-core": "registry:dt/express-serve-static-core#4.0.0+20160829034835",
+    "mime": "registry:dt/mime#0.0.0+20160316155526",
+    "serve-static": "registry:dt/serve-static#0.0.0+20160606155157"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/user.ts b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/user.ts
index eb4f509ac..613c297fa 100644
--- a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/user.ts
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/user.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
  * GET users listing.
  */
 import express = require('express');
+const router = express.Router();
 
-export function list(req: express.Request, res: express.Response) {
+router.get('/', (req: express.Request, res: express.Response) => {
     res.send("respond with a resource");
-};
\ No newline at end of file
+});
+
+export default router;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/www b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/www
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb78b8403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptAzureExpressApp/www
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+var debug = require('debug')('$safeprojectname$');
+var app = require('../app');
+
+app.set('port', process.env.PORT || 3000);
+
+var server = app.listen(app.get('port'), function() {
+    debug('Express server listening on port ' + server.address().port);
+});
diff --git a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptExpressApp/package.json b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptExpressApp/package.json
index 3c658e9c9..48db6e0cf 100644
--- a/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptExpressApp/package.json
+++ b/Nodejs/Product/Nodejs/ProjectTemplates/TypeScriptExpressApp/package.json
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
   "author": {
     "name": "$username$"
   },
+  "main": "app.js",
   "dependencies": {
     "debug": "^2.2.0",
     "express": "^4.14.0",