test: add tests for non-2xx HTTP status handling (fixes #3091) #3480

Job	Run time
checks / readme-snippets	11s
checks / docs	39s
checks / pre-commit	57s
checks / test (3.10, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 25s
checks / test (3.10, locked, windows-latest)	1m 50s
checks / test (3.11, locked, windows-latest)	1m 51s
checks / test (3.11, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	59s
checks / test (3.11, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 49s
checks / test (3.12, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 47s
checks / test (3.12, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 20s
checks / test (3.12, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 31s
checks / test (3.13, locked, windows-latest)	1m 38s
checks / test (3.12, locked, windows-latest)	1m 43s
checks / test (3.11, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 18s
checks / test (3.10, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 49s
checks / test (3.14, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 23s
checks / test (3.13, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 12s
checks / test (3.10, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 30s
checks / test (3.14, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	2m 5s
checks / test (3.13, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	2m 4s
checks / test (3.14, locked, windows-latest)	1m 59s
checks / test (3.14, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 16s
checks / test (3.13, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 20s
all-green	2s
	33m 38s

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