diff --git a/.changeset/ten-hounds-kick.md b/.changeset/ten-hounds-kick.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1a724edca27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/ten-hounds-kick.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@module-federation/runtime': patch
+---
+
+Improve runtime instance resolution by selecting instances from global federation state (including remote-aware matching) and keeping `getInstance` stable after module resets.
diff --git a/packages/runtime/__tests__/api.spec.ts b/packages/runtime/__tests__/api.spec.ts
index 8214cd6c945..dd493dc90a0 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/__tests__/api.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/__tests__/api.spec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
-import { init } from '../src';
+import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { init, getInstance, createInstance } from '../src';
 
 // eslint-disable-next-line max-lines-per-function
 describe('api', () => {
@@ -83,6 +83,25 @@ describe('api', () => {
     });
     expect(FM3).not.toBe(FM4);
   });
+  it('getInstance resolves the global instance after reset', async () => {
+    const FM = init({
+      name: '@federation/get-instance-global',
+      remotes: [],
+    });
+
+    vi.resetModules();
+    const { getInstance: getInstanceAfterReset } = await import('../src');
+    expect(getInstanceAfterReset('@federation/get-instance-global')).toBe(FM);
+  });
+
+  it('createInstance updates getInstance', () => {
+    const FM = createInstance({
+      name: '@federation/create-instance',
+      remotes: [],
+    });
+
+    expect(getInstance('@federation/create-instance')).toBe(FM);
+  });
 
   it('alias check', () => {
     // 校验 alias 是否等于 remote.name 和 remote.alias 的前缀，如果是则报错
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/index.ts b/packages/runtime/src/index.ts
index 42db1dfec4d..73dcab30c7a 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/index.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 import {
   ModuleFederation,
   type UserOptions,
+  CurrentGlobal,
   getGlobalFederationConstructor,
+  matchRemoteWithNameAndExpose,
   setGlobalFederationInstance,
   assert,
   setGlobalFederationConstructor,
 } from '@module-federation/runtime-core';
-import { runtimeDescMap, RUNTIME_009 } from '@module-federation/error-codes';
-import { getGlobalFederationInstance } from './utils';
+import {
+  runtimeDescMap,
+  getShortErrorMsg,
+  RUNTIME_009,
+} from '@module-federation/error-codes';
+import { getBuilderId, getGlobalFederationInstance } from './utils';
 
 export {
   loadScript,
@@ -28,10 +34,65 @@ export function createInstance(options: UserOptions) {
     getGlobalFederationConstructor() || ModuleFederation;
   const instance = new ModuleFederationConstructor(options);
   setGlobalFederationInstance(instance);
+  FederationInstance = instance;
   return instance;
 }
 
 let FederationInstance: ModuleFederation | null = null;
+function resolveFederationInstance(
+  name?: string,
+  version?: string,
+  remoteId?: string,
+): ModuleFederation | null {
+  const buildId = getBuilderId();
+  if (buildId) {
+    const buildInstance = getGlobalFederationInstance(name || '', version);
+    if (buildInstance) {
+      FederationInstance = buildInstance;
+      return buildInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (name) {
+    const namedInstance = getGlobalFederationInstance(name, version);
+    if (namedInstance) {
+      FederationInstance = namedInstance;
+      return namedInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (remoteId) {
+    const instances = CurrentGlobal.__FEDERATION__?.__INSTANCES__ || [];
+    const matchingInstance = instances.find((instance) =>
+      matchRemoteWithNameAndExpose(instance.options.remotes, remoteId),
+    );
+    if (matchingInstance) {
+      FederationInstance = matchingInstance;
+      return matchingInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (
+    FederationInstance &&
+    (!remoteId ||
+      matchRemoteWithNameAndExpose(
+        FederationInstance.options.remotes,
+        remoteId,
+      ))
+  ) {
+    return FederationInstance;
+  }
+
+  if (!name && !version) {
+    const instances = CurrentGlobal.__FEDERATION__?.__INSTANCES__ || [];
+    if (instances.length === 1) {
+      FederationInstance = instances[0];
+      return FederationInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
 /**
  * @deprecated Use createInstance or getInstance instead
  */
@@ -54,67 +115,72 @@ export function init(options: UserOptions): ModuleFederation {
 export function loadRemote<T>(
   ...args: Parameters<ModuleFederation['loadRemote']>
 ): Promise<T | null> {
-  assert(FederationInstance, RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap);
-  const loadRemote: typeof FederationInstance.loadRemote<T> =
-    FederationInstance.loadRemote;
+  const instance = resolveFederationInstance(undefined, undefined, args[0]);
+  assert(instance, getShortErrorMsg(RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap));
+  const loadRemote: typeof instance.loadRemote<T> = instance.loadRemote;
   // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-spread
-  return loadRemote.apply(FederationInstance, args);
+  return loadRemote.apply(instance, args);
 }
 
 export function loadShare<T>(
   ...args: Parameters<ModuleFederation['loadShare']>
 ): Promise<false | (() => T | undefined)> {
-  assert(FederationInstance, RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap);
+  const instance = resolveFederationInstance();
+  assert(instance, getShortErrorMsg(RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap));
   // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-spread
-  const loadShare: typeof FederationInstance.loadShare<T> =
-    FederationInstance.loadShare;
-  return loadShare.apply(FederationInstance, args);
+  const loadShare: typeof instance.loadShare<T> = instance.loadShare;
+  return loadShare.apply(instance, args);
 }
 
 export function loadShareSync<T>(
   ...args: Parameters<ModuleFederation['loadShareSync']>
 ): () => T | never {
-  assert(FederationInstance, RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap);
-  const loadShareSync: typeof FederationInstance.loadShareSync<T> =
-    FederationInstance.loadShareSync;
+  const instance = resolveFederationInstance();
+  assert(instance, getShortErrorMsg(RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap));
+  const loadShareSync: typeof instance.loadShareSync<T> =
+    instance.loadShareSync;
   // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-spread
-  return loadShareSync.apply(FederationInstance, args);
+  return loadShareSync.apply(instance, args);
 }
 
 export function preloadRemote(
   ...args: Parameters<ModuleFederation['preloadRemote']>
 ): ReturnType<ModuleFederation['preloadRemote']> {
-  assert(FederationInstance, RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap);
+  const instance = resolveFederationInstance();
+  assert(instance, getShortErrorMsg(RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap));
   // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-spread
-  return FederationInstance.preloadRemote.apply(FederationInstance, args);
+  return instance.preloadRemote.apply(instance, args);
 }
 
 export function registerRemotes(
   ...args: Parameters<ModuleFederation['registerRemotes']>
 ): ReturnType<ModuleFederation['registerRemotes']> {
-  assert(FederationInstance, RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap);
+  const instance = resolveFederationInstance();
+  assert(instance, getShortErrorMsg(RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap));
   // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-spread
-  return FederationInstance.registerRemotes.apply(FederationInstance, args);
+  return instance.registerRemotes.apply(instance, args);
 }
 
 export function registerPlugins(
   ...args: Parameters<ModuleFederation['registerPlugins']>
 ): ReturnType<ModuleFederation['registerRemotes']> {
-  assert(FederationInstance, RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap);
+  const instance = resolveFederationInstance();
+  assert(instance, getShortErrorMsg(RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap));
   // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-spread
-  return FederationInstance.registerPlugins.apply(FederationInstance, args);
+  return instance.registerPlugins.apply(instance, args);
 }
 
-export function getInstance() {
-  return FederationInstance;
+export function getInstance(name?: string, version?: string) {
+  return resolveFederationInstance(name, version);
 }
 
 export function registerShared(
   ...args: Parameters<ModuleFederation['registerShared']>
 ): ReturnType<ModuleFederation['registerShared']> {
-  assert(FederationInstance, RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap);
+  const instance = resolveFederationInstance();
+  assert(instance, getShortErrorMsg(RUNTIME_009, runtimeDescMap));
   // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-spread
-  return FederationInstance.registerShared.apply(FederationInstance, args);
+  return instance.registerShared.apply(instance, args);
 }
 
 // Inject for debug