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+Port Legacy Django Views to Django REST Framework
+=================================================
+
+:Status: Proposed
+:Date: 2026-04-13
+:Deciders: API Working Group
+:Technical Story: Open edX REST API Standards - DRF adoption for legacy endpoints
+
+Context
+-------
+
+Several older Open edX modules still use plain Django views rather than DRF views. These legacy
+endpoints often manually handle HTTP methods, return hand-coded JSON instead of serializers, and
+miss DRF features such as permission classes, throttling, authentication mixins, and automatic schema
+generation.
+
+This creates a fragmented API ecosystem with inconsistent behavior and limits OpenAPI generation.
+
+Decision
+--------
+
+We will migrate legacy Django API views to **Django REST Framework** primitives:
+
+* Prefer **ViewSets + Routers** for resource-style APIs.
+* Use **APIView** for non-resource endpoints where ViewSets are not a good fit.
+
+Migration rules:
+
+* Replace manual method dispatch with DRF mixins/ViewSets (e.g., ``ListModelMixin``, ``CreateModelMixin``).
+* Replace hand-coded JSON with DRF serializers for input/output (per ADR 0025).
+* Ensure every migrated endpoint has machine-readable schema coverage via drf-spectacular decorators (per ADR 0027).
+* Keep URLs stable where possible; if a breaking change is required, introduce a versioned endpoint and
+  deprecate the old one.
+
+Relevance in edx-platform
+-------------------------
+
+Legacy patterns that should be migrated:
+
+* **Hand-coded JSON**: ``lms/djangoapps/edxnotes/views.py`` uses
+  ``HttpResponse(json.dumps(notes_info, ...))`` and ``JsonResponseBadRequest({"error": ...})``
+  instead of DRF serializers.
+* **Django view + JsonResponse**: ``openedx/core/djangoapps/course_groups/views.py`` exposes
+  ``json_http_response(data)``; ``cms/djangoapps/contentstore/views/block.py`` returns
+  ``JsonResponse({"html": ..., "resources": ...})`` for xblock views.
+* **Contentstore/Studio**: ``cms/djangoapps/contentstore/views/course.py`` and
+  ``xblock_storage_handlers/view_handlers.py`` use function-based views with manual method
+  dispatch; migrating these to ViewSets would enable schema generation and consistent auth.
+
+Code examples
+-------------
+
+**Before (legacy Django view):**
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from django.http import JsonResponse
+   from django.views.decorators.http import require_GET
+
+   @require_GET
+   @login_required
+   def notes(request, course_id):
+       # ... manual parsing, no serializer, ad-hoc error shape
+       return HttpResponse(json.dumps(notes_info, cls=NoteJSONEncoder),
+                            content_type="application/json")
+
+**After (DRF ViewSet + serializer):**
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from rest_framework import viewsets
+   from rest_framework.decorators import action
+   from openedx.core.lib.api.view_utils import view_auth_classes
+
+   @view_auth_classes()
+   class NotesViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
+       serializer_class = NotesSerializer
+       permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
+
+       def get_queryset(self):
+           return get_notes_queryset(self.request, self.kwargs["course_id"])
+
+       def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+           serializer = self.get_serializer(self.get_queryset(), many=True)
+           return Response(serializer.data)
+
+   # urls.py: router.register(r"notes", NotesViewSet, basename="notes")
+
+**Non-resource endpoint (APIView):**
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from rest_framework.views import APIView
+   from rest_framework.response import Response
+
+   @view_auth_classes()
+   class HeartbeatView(APIView):
+       def get(self, request):
+           results = runchecks("extended" in request.GET)
+           status_code = 200 if all(r["status"] for r in results.values()) else 503
+           return Response(results, status=status_code)
+
+Consequences
+------------
+
+Positive
+~~~~~~~~
+
+* Consistent request parsing, validation, and responses across services.
+* Enables automated OpenAPI generation and improves documentation accuracy.
+* Improves security and maintainability by leveraging DRF's standard patterns.
+
+Negative / Trade-offs
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Upfront migration effort across multiple modules (certificates, discussions, enrollment, instructor, etc.).
+* Risk of subtle behavior changes (status codes, error shapes, pagination) that must be covered with
+  tests and deprecation messaging.
+
+Alternatives Considered
+-----------------------
+
+* **Leave legacy endpoints as-is**: rejected due to missing DRF features and inconsistent responses.
+* **Incremental wrappers around Django views**: rejected because wrappers don't reliably provide DRF
+  capabilities like schema generation and standardized middleware integration.
+
+Rollout Plan
+------------
+
+1. Perform an audit to identify endpoints still relying on legacy views and prioritize high-impact areas.
+2. Create a reference implementation migration (one module) with agreed patterns and tests.
+3. Migrate remaining modules iteratively, with continuous schema and contract testing.
+4. Update and publish OpenAPI specs after each migration batch.
+
+References
+----------
+
+* Open edX REST API Standards: "Overuse of Legacy Django Views Instead of DRF" and migration
+  recommendations.