diff --git a/.changeset/perf-action-list-memoization.md b/.changeset/perf-action-list-memoization.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bb97d9d8ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/perf-action-list-memoization.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@primer/react': patch
+---
+
+perf(ActionList): memoize context values, menuItemProps, and aria attributes
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ActionList/Item.tsx b/packages/react/src/ActionList/Item.tsx
index 97fbe722e2b..e6625ca0cdf 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/ActionList/Item.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/ActionList/Item.tsx
@@ -70,6 +70,19 @@ const DivItemContainerNoBox = React.forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, React.HTMLAttribu
   },
 )
 
+const baseSlots = {
+  leadingVisual: LeadingVisual,
+  trailingVisual: TrailingVisual,
+  trailingAction: TrailingAction,
+  subItem: SubItem,
+}
+
+const slotsConfig = {...baseSlots, description: Description}
+
+// Pre-allocated array for selectableRoles check, avoids per-render allocation
+const selectableRoles = ['menuitemradio', 'menuitemcheckbox', 'option']
+const listRoleTypes = ['listbox', 'menu', 'list']
+
 const UnwrappedItem = <As extends React.ElementType = 'li'>(
   {
     variant = 'default',
@@ -92,14 +105,7 @@ const UnwrappedItem = <As extends React.ElementType = 'li'>(
   // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
   forwardedRef: React.Ref<any>,
 ): JSX.Element => {
-  const baseSlots = {
-    leadingVisual: LeadingVisual,
-    trailingVisual: TrailingVisual,
-    trailingAction: TrailingAction,
-    subItem: SubItem,
-  }
-
-  const [partialSlots, childrenWithoutSlots] = useSlots(props.children, {...baseSlots, description: Description})
+  const [partialSlots, childrenWithoutSlots] = useSlots(props.children, slotsConfig)
 
   const slots = {description: undefined, ...partialSlots}
 
@@ -173,7 +179,6 @@ const UnwrappedItem = <As extends React.ElementType = 'li'>(
     itemRole === 'menuitemcheckbox' ||
     itemRole === 'tab'
 
-  const listRoleTypes = ['listbox', 'menu', 'list']
   const listSemantics = (listRole && listRoleTypes.includes(listRole)) || inactive || listItemSemantics
   const buttonSemantics = !listSemantics && !_PrivateItemWrapper
 
@@ -188,7 +193,7 @@ const UnwrappedItem = <As extends React.ElementType = 'li'>(
   const keyPressHandler = React.useCallback(
     (event: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLElement>) => {
       if (disabled || inactive || loading) return
-      if ([' ', 'Enter'].includes(event.key)) {
+      if (event.key === ' ' || event.key === 'Enter') {
         if (event.key === ' ') {
           event.preventDefault() // prevent scrolling on Space
           // immediately reset defaultPrevented once its job is done
@@ -214,40 +219,61 @@ const UnwrappedItem = <As extends React.ElementType = 'li'>(
 
   const ItemWrapper = _PrivateItemWrapper || DefaultItemWrapper
 
-  // only apply aria-selected and aria-checked to selectable items
-  const selectableRoles = ['menuitemradio', 'menuitemcheckbox', 'option']
   const includeSelectionAttribute = itemSelectionAttribute && itemRole && selectableRoles.includes(itemRole)
 
-  let focusable
-
-  if (showInactiveIndicator) {
-    focusable = true
-  }
+  const focusable = showInactiveIndicator ? true : undefined
 
   // Extract the variant prop value from the description slot component
   const descriptionVariant = slots.description?.props.variant ?? 'inline'
 
-  const menuItemProps = {
-    onClick: clickHandler,
-    onKeyPress: !buttonSemantics ? keyPressHandler : undefined,
-    'aria-disabled': disabled ? true : undefined,
-    'data-inactive': inactive ? true : undefined,
-    'data-loading': loading && !inactive ? true : undefined,
-    tabIndex: focusable ? undefined : 0,
-    'aria-labelledby': `${labelId} ${slots.trailingVisual ? trailingVisualId : ''}`,
-    'aria-describedby':
-      [
-        slots.description && descriptionVariant === 'block' ? blockDescriptionId : undefined,
-        slots.description && descriptionVariant === 'inline' ? inlineDescriptionId : undefined,
-        inactiveWarningId ?? undefined,
-      ]
-        .filter(String)
-        .join(' ')
-        .trim() || undefined,
-    ...(includeSelectionAttribute && {[itemSelectionAttribute]: selected}),
-    role: itemRole,
-    id: itemId,
-  }
+  const hasTrailingVisualSlot = Boolean(slots.trailingVisual)
+  const hasDescriptionSlot = Boolean(slots.description)
+
+  const ariaLabelledBy = React.useMemo(() => {
+    const parts = [labelId]
+    if (hasTrailingVisualSlot) parts.push(trailingVisualId)
+    if (hasDescriptionSlot && descriptionVariant === 'inline') parts.push(inlineDescriptionId)
+    return parts.join(' ')
+  }, [labelId, hasTrailingVisualSlot, trailingVisualId, hasDescriptionSlot, descriptionVariant, inlineDescriptionId])
+
+  const ariaDescribedBy = React.useMemo(() => {
+    const parts: string[] = []
+    if (hasDescriptionSlot && descriptionVariant === 'block') parts.push(blockDescriptionId)
+    if (inactiveWarningId) parts.push(inactiveWarningId)
+    return parts.length > 0 ? parts.join(' ') : undefined
+  }, [hasDescriptionSlot, descriptionVariant, blockDescriptionId, inactiveWarningId])
+
+  const menuItemProps = React.useMemo(
+    () => ({
+      onClick: clickHandler,
+      onKeyPress: !buttonSemantics ? keyPressHandler : undefined,
+      'aria-disabled': disabled ? true : undefined,
+      'data-inactive': inactive ? true : undefined,
+      'data-loading': loading && !inactive ? true : undefined,
+      tabIndex: focusable ? undefined : 0,
+      'aria-labelledby': ariaLabelledBy,
+      'aria-describedby': ariaDescribedBy,
+      ...(includeSelectionAttribute && {[itemSelectionAttribute]: selected}),
+      role: itemRole,
+      id: itemId,
+    }),
+    [
+      clickHandler,
+      buttonSemantics,
+      keyPressHandler,
+      disabled,
+      inactive,
+      loading,
+      focusable,
+      ariaLabelledBy,
+      ariaDescribedBy,
+      includeSelectionAttribute,
+      itemSelectionAttribute,
+      selected,
+      itemRole,
+      itemId,
+    ],
+  )
 
   const containerProps = _PrivateItemWrapper
     ? {role: itemRole ? 'none' : undefined, ...props}
@@ -262,19 +288,32 @@ const UnwrappedItem = <As extends React.ElementType = 'li'>(
         ref: forwardedRef,
       }
 
+  const itemContextValue = React.useMemo(
+    () => ({
+      variant,
+      size,
+      disabled,
+      inactive: Boolean(inactiveText),
+      inlineDescriptionId,
+      blockDescriptionId,
+      trailingVisualId,
+      setTruncatedText: buttonSemantics ? setTruncatedText : undefined,
+    }),
+    [
+      variant,
+      size,
+      disabled,
+      inactiveText,
+      inlineDescriptionId,
+      blockDescriptionId,
+      trailingVisualId,
+      buttonSemantics,
+      setTruncatedText,
+    ],
+  )
+
   return (
-    <ItemContext.Provider
-      value={{
-        variant,
-        size,
-        disabled,
-        inactive: Boolean(inactiveText),
-        inlineDescriptionId,
-        blockDescriptionId,
-        trailingVisualId,
-        setTruncatedText: buttonSemantics ? setTruncatedText : undefined,
-      }}
-    >
+    <ItemContext.Provider value={itemContextValue}>
       <li
         {...containerProps}
         ref={listSemantics ? forwardedRef : null}
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ActionList/List.tsx b/packages/react/src/ActionList/List.tsx
index 6fa8fa56ac9..ee9213fcb50 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/ActionList/List.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/ActionList/List.tsx
@@ -55,16 +55,19 @@ const UnwrappedList = <As extends React.ElementType = 'ul'>(
       listRole === 'menu' || container === 'SelectPanel' || container === 'FilteredActionList' ? 'wrap' : undefined,
   })
 
+  const listContextValue = React.useMemo(
+    () => ({
+      variant,
+      selectionVariant: selectionVariant || containerSelectionVariant,
+      showDividers,
+      role: listRole,
+      headingId,
+    }),
+    [variant, selectionVariant, containerSelectionVariant, showDividers, listRole, headingId],
+  )
+
   return (
-    <ListContext.Provider
-      value={{
-        variant,
-        selectionVariant: selectionVariant || containerSelectionVariant,
-        showDividers,
-        role: listRole,
-        headingId,
-      }}
-    >
+    <ListContext.Provider value={listContextValue}>
       {slots.heading}
       {/* @ts-expect-error ref needs a non nullable ref */}
       <Component