glossary.po

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#: glossary.rst:5
msgid "Glossary"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:10
msgid "``>>>``"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:12
msgid ""
"The default Python prompt of the :term:`interactive` shell.  Often seen for "
"code examples which can be executed interactively in the interpreter."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:15
msgid "``...``"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:17
msgid "Can refer to:"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:19
msgid ""
"The default Python prompt of the :term:`interactive` shell when entering the "
"code for an indented code block, when within a pair of matching left and "
"right delimiters (parentheses, square brackets, curly braces or triple "
"quotes), or after specifying a decorator."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:24
msgid "The :const:`Ellipsis` built-in constant."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:25
msgid "abstract base class"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:27
msgid ""
"Abstract base classes complement :term:`duck-typing` by providing a way to "
"define interfaces when other techniques like :func:`hasattr` would be clumsy "
"or subtly wrong (for example with :ref:`magic methods <special-lookup>`).  "
"ABCs introduce virtual subclasses, which are classes that don't inherit from "
"a class but are still recognized by :func:`isinstance` "
"and :func:`issubclass`; see the :mod:`abc` module documentation.  Python "
"comes with many built-in ABCs for data structures (in "
"the :mod:`collections.abc` module), numbers (in the :mod:`numbers` module), "
"streams (in the :mod:`io` module), import finders and loaders (in "
"the :mod:`importlib.abc` module).  You can create your own ABCs with "
"the :mod:`abc` module."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:38
msgid "annotate function"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:40
msgid ""
"A function that can be called to retrieve the :term:`annotations "
"<annotation>` of an object. This function is accessible as "
"the :attr:`~object.__annotate__` attribute of functions, classes, and "
"modules. Annotate functions are a subset of :term:`evaluate functions "
"<evaluate function>`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:44
msgid "annotation"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:46
msgid ""
"A label associated with a variable, a class attribute or a function "
"parameter or return value, used by convention as a :term:`type hint`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:50
msgid ""
"Annotations of local variables cannot be accessed at runtime, but "
"annotations of global variables, class attributes, and functions can be "
"retrieved by calling :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations` on modules, "
"classes, and functions, respectively."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:55
msgid ""
"See :term:`variable annotation`, :term:`function "
"annotation`, :pep:`484`, :pep:`526`, and :pep:`649`, which describe this "
"functionality. Also see :ref:`annotations-howto` for best practices on "
"working with annotations."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:59
msgid "argument"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:61
msgid ""
"A value passed to a :term:`function` (or :term:`method`) when calling the "
"function.  There are two kinds of argument:"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:64
msgid ""
":dfn:`keyword argument`: an argument preceded by an identifier (e.g. "
"``name=``) in a function call or passed as a value in a dictionary preceded "
"by ``**``.  For example, ``3`` and ``5`` are both keyword arguments in the "
"following calls to :func:`complex`::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:69
msgid ""
"complex(real=3, imag=5)\n"
"complex(**{'real': 3, 'imag': 5})"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:72
msgid ""
":dfn:`positional argument`: an argument that is not a keyword argument. "
"Positional arguments can appear at the beginning of an argument list and/or "
"be passed as elements of an :term:`iterable` preceded by ``*``. For example, "
"``3`` and ``5`` are both positional arguments in the following calls::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:78
msgid ""
"complex(3, 5)\n"
"complex(*(3, 5))"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:81
msgid ""
"Arguments are assigned to the named local variables in a function body. See "
"the :ref:`calls` section for the rules governing this assignment. "
"Syntactically, any expression can be used to represent an argument; the "
"evaluated value is assigned to the local variable."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:86
msgid ""
"See also the :term:`parameter` glossary entry, the FAQ question on :ref:`the "
"difference between arguments and parameters <faq-argument-vs-parameter>`, "
"and :pep:`362`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:89
msgid "asynchronous context manager"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:91
msgid ""
"An object which controls the environment seen in an :keyword:`async with` "
"statement by defining :meth:`~object.__aenter__` "
"and :meth:`~object.__aexit__` methods.  Introduced by :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:94
msgid "asynchronous generator"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:96
msgid ""
"A function which returns an :term:`asynchronous generator iterator`.  It "
"looks like a coroutine function defined with :keyword:`async def` except "
"that it contains :keyword:`yield` expressions for producing a series of "
"values usable in an :keyword:`async for` loop."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:101
msgid ""
"Usually refers to an asynchronous generator function, but may refer to an "
"*asynchronous generator iterator* in some contexts.  In cases where the "
"intended meaning isn't clear, using the full terms avoids ambiguity."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:105
msgid ""
"An asynchronous generator function may contain :keyword:`await` expressions "
"as well as :keyword:`async for`, and :keyword:`async with` statements."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:108
msgid "asynchronous generator iterator"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:110
msgid "An object created by a :term:`asynchronous generator` function."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:112
msgid ""
"This is an :term:`asynchronous iterator` which when called using "
"the :meth:`~object.__anext__` method returns an awaitable object which will "
"execute the body of the asynchronous generator function until the "
"next :keyword:`yield` expression."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:117
msgid ""
"Each :keyword:`yield` temporarily suspends processing, remembering the "
"execution state (including local variables and pending try-statements).  "
"When the *asynchronous generator iterator* effectively resumes with another "
"awaitable returned by :meth:`~object.__anext__`, it picks up where it left "
"off.  See :pep:`492` and :pep:`525`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:122
msgid "asynchronous iterable"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:124
msgid ""
"An object, that can be used in an :keyword:`async for` statement. Must "
"return an :term:`asynchronous iterator` from its :meth:`~object.__aiter__` "
"method.  Introduced by :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:127
msgid "asynchronous iterator"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:129
msgid ""
"An object that implements the :meth:`~object.__aiter__` "
"and :meth:`~object.__anext__` methods.  :meth:`~object.__anext__` must "
"return an :term:`awaitable` object. :keyword:`async for` resolves the "
"awaitables returned by an asynchronous iterator's :meth:`~object.__anext__` "
"method until it raises a :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` exception.  Introduced "
"by :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:134
msgid "attached thread state"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:137
msgid "A :term:`thread state` that is active for the current OS thread."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:139
msgid ""
"When a :term:`thread state` is attached, the OS thread has access to the "
"full Python C API and can safely invoke the bytecode interpreter."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:143
msgid ""
"Unless a function explicitly notes otherwise, attempting to call the C API "
"without an attached thread state will result in a fatal error or undefined "
"behavior.  A thread state can be attached and detached explicitly by the "
"user through the C API, or implicitly by the runtime, including during "
"blocking C calls and by the bytecode interpreter in between calls."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:150
msgid ""
"On most builds of Python, having an attached thread state implies that the "
"caller holds the :term:`GIL` for the current interpreter, so only one OS "
"thread can have an attached thread state at a given moment. In :term:`free-"
"threaded <free threading>` builds of Python, threads can concurrently hold "
"an attached thread state, allowing for true parallelism of the bytecode "
"interpreter."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:156
msgid "attribute"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:158
msgid ""
"A value associated with an object which is usually referenced by name using "
"dotted expressions. For example, if an object *o* has an attribute *a* it "
"would be referenced as *o.a*."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:163
msgid ""
"It is possible to give an object an attribute whose name is not an "
"identifier as defined by :ref:`identifiers`, for example "
"using :func:`setattr`, if the object allows it. Such an attribute will not "
"be accessible using a dotted expression, and would instead need to be "
"retrieved with :func:`getattr`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:168
msgid "awaitable"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:170
msgid ""
"An object that can be used in an :keyword:`await` expression.  Can be "
"a :term:`coroutine` or an object with an :meth:`~object.__await__` method. "
"See also :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:173
msgid "BDFL"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:175
msgid ""
"Benevolent Dictator For Life, a.k.a. `Guido van Rossum <https://"
"gvanrossum.github.io/>`_, Python's creator."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:177
msgid "binary file"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:179
msgid ""
"A :term:`file object` able to read and write :term:`bytes-like objects "
"<bytes-like object>`. Examples of binary files are files opened in binary "
"mode (``'rb'``, ``'wb'`` or ``'rb+'``), :data:`sys.stdin.buffer "
"<sys.stdin>`, :data:`sys.stdout.buffer <sys.stdout>`, and instances "
"of :class:`io.BytesIO` and :class:`gzip.GzipFile`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:186
msgid ""
"See also :term:`text file` for a file object able to read and "
"write :class:`str` objects."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:188
msgid "borrowed reference"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:190
msgid ""
"In Python's C API, a borrowed reference is a reference to an object, where "
"the code using the object does not own the reference. It becomes a dangling "
"pointer if the object is destroyed. For example, a garbage collection can "
"remove the last :term:`strong reference` to the object and so destroy it."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:196
msgid ""
"Calling :c:func:`Py_INCREF` on the :term:`borrowed reference` is recommended "
"to convert it to a :term:`strong reference` in-place, except when the object "
"cannot be destroyed before the last usage of the borrowed reference. "
"The :c:func:`Py_NewRef` function can be used to create a new :term:`strong "
"reference`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:201
msgid "bytes-like object"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:203
msgid ""
"An object that supports the :ref:`bufferobjects` and can export a "
"C-:term:`contiguous` buffer. This includes "
"all :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, and :class:`array.array` objects, as "
"well as many common :class:`memoryview` objects.  Bytes-like objects can be "
"used for various operations that work with binary data; these include "
"compression, saving to a binary file, and sending over a socket."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:210
msgid ""
"Some operations need the binary data to be mutable.  The documentation often "
"refers to these as \"read-write bytes-like objects\".  Example mutable "
"buffer objects include :class:`bytearray` and a :class:`memoryview` of "
"a :class:`bytearray`. Other operations require the binary data to be stored "
"in immutable objects (\"read-only bytes-like objects\"); examples of these "
"include :class:`bytes` and a :class:`memoryview` of a :class:`bytes` object."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:218
msgid "bytecode"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:220
msgid ""
"Python source code is compiled into bytecode, the internal representation of "
"a Python program in the CPython interpreter.  The bytecode is also cached in "
"``.pyc`` files so that executing the same file is faster the second time "
"(recompilation from source to bytecode can be avoided).  This \"intermediate "
"language\" is said to run on a :term:`virtual machine` that executes the "
"machine code corresponding to each bytecode. Do note that bytecodes are not "
"expected to work between different Python virtual machines, nor to be stable "
"between Python releases."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:230
msgid ""
"A list of bytecode instructions can be found in the documentation "
"for :ref:`the dis module <bytecodes>`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:232
msgid "callable"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:234
msgid ""
"A callable is an object that can be called, possibly with a set of arguments "
"(see :term:`argument`), with the following syntax::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:237
msgid "callable(argument1, argument2, argumentN)"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:239
msgid ""
"A :term:`function`, and by extension a :term:`method`, is a callable. An "
"instance of a class that implements the :meth:`~object.__call__` method is "
"also a callable."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:242
msgid "callback"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:244
msgid ""
"A subroutine function which is passed as an argument to be executed at some "
"point in the future."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:246
msgid "class"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:248
msgid ""
"A template for creating user-defined objects. Class definitions normally "
"contain method definitions which operate on instances of the class."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:251
msgid "class variable"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:253
msgid ""
"A variable defined in a class and intended to be modified only at class "
"level (i.e., not in an instance of the class)."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:255
msgid "closure variable"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:257
msgid ""
"A :term:`free variable` referenced from a :term:`nested scope` that is "
"defined in an outer scope rather than being resolved at runtime from the "
"globals or builtin namespaces. May be explicitly defined with "
"the :keyword:`nonlocal` keyword to allow write access, or implicitly defined "
"if the variable is only being read."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:262
msgid ""
"For example, in the ``inner`` function in the following code, both ``x`` and "
"``print`` are :term:`free variables <free variable>`, but only ``x`` is a "
"*closure variable*::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:265
msgid ""
"def outer():\n"
"    x = 0\n"
"    def inner():\n"
"        nonlocal x\n"
"        x += 1\n"
"        print(x)\n"
"    return inner"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:273
msgid ""
"Due to the :attr:`codeobject.co_freevars` attribute (which, despite its "
"name, only includes the names of closure variables rather than listing all "
"referenced free variables), the more general :term:`free variable` term is "
"sometimes used even when the intended meaning is to refer specifically to "
"closure variables."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:277
msgid "complex number"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:279
msgid ""
"An extension of the familiar real number system in which all numbers are "
"expressed as a sum of a real part and an imaginary part.  Imaginary numbers "
"are real multiples of the imaginary unit (the square root of ``-1``), often "
"written ``i`` in mathematics or ``j`` in engineering.  Python has built-in "
"support for complex numbers, which are written with this latter notation; "
"the imaginary part is written with a ``j`` suffix, e.g., ``3+1j``.  To get "
"access to complex equivalents of the :mod:`math` module, use :mod:`cmath`.  "
"Use of complex numbers is a fairly advanced mathematical feature.  If you're "
"not aware of a need for them, it's almost certain you can safely ignore them."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:289
msgid "context"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:291
msgid ""
"This term has different meanings depending on where and how it is used. Some "
"common meanings:"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:294
msgid ""
"The temporary state or environment established by a :term:`context manager` "
"via a :keyword:`with` statement."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:296
msgid ""
"The collection of key­value bindings associated with a "
"particular :class:`contextvars.Context` object and accessed "
"via :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` objects.  Also see :term:`context "
"variable`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:300
msgid ""
"A :class:`contextvars.Context` object.  Also see :term:`current context`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:302
msgid "context management protocol"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:304
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~object.__enter__` and :meth:`~object.__exit__` methods called by "
"the :keyword:`with` statement.  See :pep:`343`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:306
msgid "context manager"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:308
msgid ""
"An object which implements the :term:`context management protocol` and "
"controls the environment seen in a :keyword:`with` statement.  "
"See :pep:`343`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:311
msgid "context variable"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:313
msgid ""
"A variable whose value depends on which context is the :term:`current "
"context`.  Values are accessed via :class:`contextvars.ContextVar` objects.  "
"Context variables are primarily used to isolate state between concurrent "
"asynchronous tasks."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:317
msgid "contiguous"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:321
msgid ""
"A buffer is considered contiguous exactly if it is either *C-contiguous* or "
"*Fortran contiguous*.  Zero-dimensional buffers are C and Fortran "
"contiguous.  In one-dimensional arrays, the items must be laid out in memory "
"next to each other, in order of increasing indexes starting from zero.  In "
"multidimensional C-contiguous arrays, the last index varies the fastest when "
"visiting items in order of memory address.  However, in Fortran contiguous "
"arrays, the first index varies the fastest."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:329
msgid "coroutine"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:331
msgid ""
"Coroutines are a more generalized form of subroutines. Subroutines are "
"entered at one point and exited at another point.  Coroutines can be "
"entered, exited, and resumed at many different points.  They can be "
"implemented with the :keyword:`async def` statement.  See also :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:336
msgid "coroutine function"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:338
msgid ""
"A function which returns a :term:`coroutine` object.  A coroutine function "
"may be defined with the :keyword:`async def` statement, and may "
"contain :keyword:`await`, :keyword:`async for`, and :keyword:`async with` "
"keywords.  These were introduced by :pep:`492`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:343
msgid "CPython"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:345
msgid ""
"The canonical implementation of the Python programming language, as "
"distributed on `python.org <https://www.python.org>`_.  The term \"CPython\" "
"is used when necessary to distinguish this implementation from others such "
"as Jython or IronPython."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:349
msgid "current context"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:351
msgid ""
"The :term:`context` (:class:`contextvars.Context` object) that is currently "
"used by :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar` objects to access (get or set) the "
"values of :term:`context variables <context variable>`.  Each thread has its "
"own current context.  Frameworks for executing asynchronous tasks "
"(see :mod:`asyncio`) associate each task with a context which becomes the "
"current context whenever the task starts or resumes execution."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:357
msgid "cyclic isolate"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:359
msgid ""
"A subgroup of one or more objects that reference each other in a reference "
"cycle, but are not referenced by objects outside the group.  The goal of "
"the :term:`cyclic garbage collector <garbage collection>` is to identify "
"these groups and break the reference cycles so that the memory can be "
"reclaimed."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:363
msgid "decorator"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:365
msgid ""
"A function returning another function, usually applied as a function "
"transformation using the ``@wrapper`` syntax.  Common examples for "
"decorators are :func:`classmethod` and :func:`staticmethod`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:369
msgid ""
"The decorator syntax is merely syntactic sugar, the following two function "
"definitions are semantically equivalent::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:372
msgid ""
"def f(arg):\n"
"    ...\n"
"f = staticmethod(f)\n"
"\n"
"@staticmethod\n"
"def f(arg):\n"
"    ..."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:380
msgid ""
"The same concept exists for classes, but is less commonly used there.  See "
"the documentation for :ref:`function definitions <function>` and :ref:`class "
"definitions <class>` for more about decorators."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:383
msgid "descriptor"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:385
msgid ""
"Any object which defines the "
"methods :meth:`~object.__get__`, :meth:`~object.__set__`, "
"or :meth:`~object.__delete__`. When a class attribute is a descriptor, its "
"special binding behavior is triggered upon attribute lookup.  Normally, "
"using *a.b* to get, set or delete an attribute looks up the object named *b* "
"in the class dictionary for *a*, but if *b* is a descriptor, the respective "
"descriptor method gets called.  Understanding descriptors is a key to a deep "
"understanding of Python because they are the basis for many features "
"including functions, methods, properties, class methods, static methods, and "
"reference to super classes."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:396
msgid ""
"For more information about descriptors' methods, see :ref:`descriptors` or "
"the :ref:`Descriptor How To Guide <descriptorhowto>`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:398
msgid "dictionary"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:400
msgid ""
"An associative array, where arbitrary keys are mapped to values.  The keys "
"can be any object with :meth:`~object.__hash__` and :meth:`~object.__eq__` "
"methods. Called a hash in Perl."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:404
msgid "dictionary comprehension"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:406
msgid ""
"A compact way to process all or part of the elements in an iterable and "
"return a dictionary with the results. ``results = {n: n ** 2 for n in "
"range(10)}`` generates a dictionary containing key ``n`` mapped to value ``n "
"** 2``. See :ref:`comprehensions`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:410
msgid "dictionary view"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:412
msgid ""
"The objects returned from :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values`, "
"and :meth:`dict.items` are called dictionary views. They provide a dynamic "
"view on the dictionary’s entries, which means that when the dictionary "
"changes, the view reflects these changes. To force the dictionary view to "
"become a full list use ``list(dictview)``.  See :ref:`dict-views`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:418
msgid "docstring"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:420
msgid ""
"A string literal which appears as the first expression in a class, function "
"or module.  While ignored when the suite is executed, it is recognized by "
"the compiler and put into the :attr:`~definition.__doc__` attribute of the "
"enclosing class, function or module.  Since it is available via "
"introspection, it is the canonical place for documentation of the object."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:426
msgid "duck-typing"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:428
msgid ""
"A programming style which does not look at an object's type to determine if "
"it has the right interface; instead, the method or attribute is simply "
"called or used (\"If it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it must be "
"a duck.\")  By emphasizing interfaces rather than specific types, well-"
"designed code improves its flexibility by allowing polymorphic "
"substitution.  Duck-typing avoids tests using :func:`type` "
"or :func:`isinstance`.  (Note, however, that duck-typing can be complemented "
"with :term:`abstract base classes <abstract base class>`.)  Instead, it "
"typically employs :func:`hasattr` tests or :term:`EAFP` programming."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:437
msgid "EAFP"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:439
msgid ""
"Easier to ask for forgiveness than permission.  This common Python coding "
"style assumes the existence of valid keys or attributes and catches "
"exceptions if the assumption proves false.  This clean and fast style is "
"characterized by the presence of many :keyword:`try` and :keyword:`except` "
"statements.  The technique contrasts with the :term:`LBYL` style common to "
"many other languages such as C."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:445
msgid "evaluate function"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:447
msgid ""
"A function that can be called to evaluate a lazily evaluated attribute of an "
"object, such as the value of type aliases created with the :keyword:`type` "
"statement."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:450
msgid "expression"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:452
msgid ""
"A piece of syntax which can be evaluated to some value.  In other words, an "
"expression is an accumulation of expression elements like literals, names, "
"attribute access, operators or function calls which all return a value.  In "
"contrast to many other languages, not all language constructs are "
"expressions.  There are also :term:`statement`\\s which cannot be used as "
"expressions, such as :keyword:`while`.  Assignments are also statements, not "
"expressions."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:459
msgid "extension module"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:461
msgid ""
"A module written in C or C++, using Python's C API to interact with the core "
"and with user code."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:463
msgid "f-string"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:465
msgid ""
"String literals prefixed with ``'f'`` or ``'F'`` are commonly called \"f-"
"strings\" which is short for :ref:`formatted string literals <f-strings>`.  "
"See also :pep:`498`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:468
msgid "file object"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:470
msgid ""
"An object exposing a file-oriented API (with methods such as :meth:`!read` "
"or :meth:`!write`) to an underlying resource.  Depending on the way it was "
"created, a file object can mediate access to a real on-disk file or to "
"another type of storage or communication device (for example standard input/"
"output, in-memory buffers, sockets, pipes, etc.).  File objects are also "
"called :dfn:`file-like objects` or :dfn:`streams`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:478
msgid ""
"There are actually three categories of file objects: raw :term:`binary files "
"<binary file>`, buffered :term:`binary files <binary file>` and :term:`text "
"files <text file>`. Their interfaces are defined in the :mod:`io` module.  "
"The canonical way to create a file object is by using the :func:`open` "
"function."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:483
msgid "file-like object"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:485
msgid "A synonym for :term:`file object`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:486
msgid "filesystem encoding and error handler"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:488
msgid ""
"Encoding and error handler used by Python to decode bytes from the operating "
"system and encode Unicode to the operating system."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:491
msgid ""
"The filesystem encoding must guarantee to successfully decode all bytes "
"below 128. If the file system encoding fails to provide this guarantee, API "
"functions can raise :exc:`UnicodeError`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:495
msgid ""
"The :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding` "
"and :func:`sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors` functions can be used to get the "
"filesystem encoding and error handler."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:499
msgid ""
"The :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler` are configured at Python "
"startup by the :c:func:`PyConfig_Read` function: "
"see :c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` "
"and :c:member:`~PyConfig.filesystem_errors` members of :c:type:`PyConfig`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:504
msgid "See also the :term:`locale encoding`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:505
msgid "finder"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:507
msgid ""
"An object that tries to find the :term:`loader` for a module that is being "
"imported."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:510
msgid ""
"There are two types of finder: :term:`meta path finders <meta path finder>` "
"for use with :data:`sys.meta_path`, and :term:`path entry finders <path "
"entry finder>` for use with :data:`sys.path_hooks`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:514
msgid ""
"See :ref:`finders-and-loaders` and :mod:`importlib` for much more detail."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:515
msgid "floor division"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:517
msgid ""
"Mathematical division that rounds down to nearest integer.  The floor "
"division operator is ``//``.  For example, the expression ``11 // 4`` "
"evaluates to ``2`` in contrast to the ``2.75`` returned by float true "
"division.  Note that ``(-11) // 4`` is ``-3`` because that is ``-2.75`` "
"rounded *downward*. See :pep:`238`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:522
msgid "free threading"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:524
msgid ""
"A threading model where multiple threads can run Python bytecode "
"simultaneously within the same interpreter.  This is in contrast to "
"the :term:`global interpreter lock` which allows only one thread to execute "
"Python bytecode at a time.  See :pep:`703`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:528
msgid "free variable"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:530
msgid ""
"Formally, as defined in the :ref:`language execution model <bind_names>`, a "
"free variable is any variable used in a namespace which is not a local "
"variable in that namespace. See :term:`closure variable` for an example. "
"Pragmatically, due to the name of the :attr:`codeobject.co_freevars` "
"attribute, the term is also sometimes used as a synonym for :term:`closure "
"variable`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:535
msgid "function"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:537
msgid ""
"A series of statements which returns some value to a caller. It can also be "
"passed zero or more :term:`arguments <argument>` which may be used in the "
"execution of the body. See also :term:`parameter`, :term:`method`, and "
"the :ref:`function` section."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:541
msgid "function annotation"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:543
msgid "An :term:`annotation` of a function parameter or return value."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:545
msgid ""
"Function annotations are usually used for :term:`type hints <type hint>`: "
"for example, this function is expected to take two :class:`int` arguments "
"and is also expected to have an :class:`int` return value::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:550
msgid ""
"def sum_two_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n"
"   return a + b"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:553
msgid "Function annotation syntax is explained in section :ref:`function`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:555
msgid ""
"See :term:`variable annotation` and :pep:`484`, which describe this "
"functionality. Also see :ref:`annotations-howto` for best practices on "
"working with annotations."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:559
msgid "__future__"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:561
msgid ""
"A :ref:`future statement <future>`, ``from __future__ import <feature>``, "
"directs the compiler to compile the current module using syntax or semantics "
"that will become standard in a future release of Python. "
"The :mod:`__future__` module documents the possible values of *feature*.  By "
"importing this module and evaluating its variables, you can see when a new "
"feature was first added to the language and when it will (or did) become the "
"default::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:569
msgid ""
">>> import __future__\n"
">>> __future__.division\n"
"_Feature((2, 2, 0, 'alpha', 2), (3, 0, 0, 'alpha', 0), 8192)"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:572
msgid "garbage collection"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:574
msgid ""
"The process of freeing memory when it is not used anymore.  Python performs "
"garbage collection via reference counting and a cyclic garbage collector "
"that is able to detect and break reference cycles.  The garbage collector "
"can be controlled using the :mod:`gc` module."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:580
msgid "generator"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:582
msgid ""
"A function which returns a :term:`generator iterator`.  It looks like a "
"normal function except that it contains :keyword:`yield` expressions for "
"producing a series of values usable in a for-loop or that can be retrieved "
"one at a time with the :func:`next` function."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:587
msgid ""
"Usually refers to a generator function, but may refer to a *generator "
"iterator* in some contexts.  In cases where the intended meaning isn't "
"clear, using the full terms avoids ambiguity."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:590
msgid "generator iterator"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:592
msgid "An object created by a :term:`generator` function."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:594
msgid ""
"Each :keyword:`yield` temporarily suspends processing, remembering the "
"execution state (including local variables and pending try-statements).  "
"When the *generator iterator* resumes, it picks up where it left off (in "
"contrast to functions which start fresh on every invocation)."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:601
msgid "generator expression"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:603
msgid ""
"An :term:`expression` that returns an :term:`iterator`.  It looks like a "
"normal expression followed by a :keyword:`!for` clause defining a loop "
"variable, range, and an optional :keyword:`!if` clause.  The combined "
"expression generates values for an enclosing function::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:608
msgid ""
">>> sum(i*i for i in range(10))         # sum of squares 0, 1, 4, ... 81\n"
"285"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:610
msgid "generic function"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:612
msgid ""
"A function composed of multiple functions implementing the same operation "
"for different types. Which implementation should be used during a call is "
"determined by the dispatch algorithm."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:616
msgid ""
"See also the :term:`single dispatch` glossary entry, "
"the :func:`functools.singledispatch` decorator, and :pep:`443`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:618
msgid "generic type"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:620
msgid ""
"A :term:`type` that can be parameterized; typically a :ref:`container "
"class<sequence-types>` such as :class:`list` or :class:`dict`. Used "
"for :term:`type hints <type hint>` and :term:`annotations <annotation>`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:625
msgid ""
"For more details, see :ref:`generic alias types<types-"
"genericalias>`, :pep:`483`, :pep:`484`, :pep:`585`, and the :mod:`typing` "
"module."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:627
msgid "GIL"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:629
msgid "See :term:`global interpreter lock`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:630
msgid "global interpreter lock"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:632
msgid ""
"The mechanism used by the :term:`CPython` interpreter to assure that only "
"one thread executes Python :term:`bytecode` at a time. This simplifies the "
"CPython implementation by making the object model (including critical built-"
"in types such as :class:`dict`) implicitly safe against concurrent access.  "
"Locking the entire interpreter makes it easier for the interpreter to be "
"multi-threaded, at the expense of much of the parallelism afforded by multi-"
"processor machines."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:641
msgid ""
"However, some extension modules, either standard or third-party, are "
"designed so as to release the GIL when doing computationally intensive tasks "
"such as compression or hashing.  Also, the GIL is always released when doing "
"I/O."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:646
msgid ""
"As of Python 3.13, the GIL can be disabled using the :option:`--disable-gil` "
"build configuration. After building Python with this option, code must be "
"run with :option:`-X gil=0 <-X>` or after setting the :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL=0 "
"<PYTHON_GIL>` environment variable. This feature enables improved "
"performance for multi-threaded applications and makes it easier to use multi-"
"core CPUs efficiently. For more details, see :pep:`703`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:653
msgid ""
"In prior versions of Python's C API, a function might declare that it "
"requires the GIL to be held in order to use it. This refers to having "
"an :term:`attached thread state`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:656
msgid "hash-based pyc"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:658
msgid ""
"A bytecode cache file that uses the hash rather than the last-modified time "
"of the corresponding source file to determine its validity. See :ref:`pyc-"
"invalidation`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:661
msgid "hashable"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:663
msgid ""
"An object is *hashable* if it has a hash value which never changes during "
"its lifetime (it needs a :meth:`~object.__hash__` method), and can be "
"compared to other objects (it needs an :meth:`~object.__eq__` method). "
"Hashable objects which compare equal must have the same hash value."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:669
msgid ""
"Hashability makes an object usable as a dictionary key and a set member, "
"because these data structures use the hash value internally."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:672
msgid ""
"Most of Python's immutable built-in objects are hashable; mutable containers "
"(such as lists or dictionaries) are not; immutable containers (such as "
"tuples and frozensets) are only hashable if their elements are hashable.  "
"Objects which are instances of user-defined classes are hashable by "
"default.  They all compare unequal (except with themselves), and their hash "
"value is derived from their :func:`id`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:679
msgid "IDLE"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:681
msgid ""
"An Integrated Development and Learning Environment for Python. :ref:`idle` "
"is a basic editor and interpreter environment which ships with the standard "
"distribution of Python."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:684
msgid "immortal"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:686
msgid ""
"*Immortal objects* are a CPython implementation detail introduced "
"in :pep:`683`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:689
msgid ""
"If an object is immortal, its :term:`reference count` is never modified, and "
"therefore it is never deallocated while the interpreter is running. For "
"example, :const:`True` and :const:`None` are immortal in CPython."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:693
msgid ""
"Immortal objects can be identified via :func:`sys._is_immortal`, or "
"via :c:func:`PyUnstable_IsImmortal` in the C API."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:695
msgid "immutable"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:697
msgid ""
"An object with a fixed value.  Immutable objects include numbers, strings "
"and tuples.  Such an object cannot be altered.  A new object has to be "
"created if a different value has to be stored.  They play an important role "
"in places where a constant hash value is needed, for example as a key in a "
"dictionary."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:702
msgid "import path"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:704
msgid ""
"A list of locations (or :term:`path entries <path entry>`) that are searched "
"by the :term:`path based finder` for modules to import. During import, this "
"list of locations usually comes from :data:`sys.path`, but for subpackages "
"it may also come from the parent package's ``__path__`` attribute."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:709
msgid "importing"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:711
msgid ""
"The process by which Python code in one module is made available to Python "
"code in another module."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:713
msgid "importer"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:715
msgid ""
"An object that both finds and loads a module; both a :term:`finder` "
"and :term:`loader` object."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:717
msgid "interactive"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:719
msgid ""
"Python has an interactive interpreter which means you can enter statements "
"and expressions at the interpreter prompt, immediately execute them and see "
"their results.  Just launch ``python`` with no arguments (possibly by "
"selecting it from your computer's main menu). It is a very powerful way to "
"test out new ideas or inspect modules and packages (remember ``help(x)``). "
"For more on interactive mode, see :ref:`tut-interac`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:726
msgid "interpreted"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:728
msgid ""
"Python is an interpreted language, as opposed to a compiled one, though the "
"distinction can be blurry because of the presence of the bytecode compiler.  "
"This means that source files can be run directly without explicitly creating "
"an executable which is then run. Interpreted languages typically have a "
"shorter development/debug cycle than compiled ones, though their programs "
"generally also run more slowly.  See also :term:`interactive`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:735
msgid "interpreter shutdown"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:737
msgid ""
"When asked to shut down, the Python interpreter enters a special phase where "
"it gradually releases all allocated resources, such as modules and various "
"critical internal structures.  It also makes several calls to "
"the :term:`garbage collector <garbage collection>`. This can trigger the "
"execution of code in user-defined destructors or weakref callbacks. Code "
"executed during the shutdown phase can encounter various exceptions as the "
"resources it relies on may not function anymore (common examples are library "
"modules or the warnings machinery)."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:746
msgid ""
"The main reason for interpreter shutdown is that the ``__main__`` module or "
"the script being run has finished executing."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:748
msgid "iterable"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:750
msgid ""
"An object capable of returning its members one at a time. Examples of "
"iterables include all sequence types (such as :class:`list`, :class:`str`, "
"and :class:`tuple`) and some non-sequence types "
"like :class:`dict`, :term:`file objects <file object>`, and objects of any "
"classes you define with an :meth:`~object.__iter__` method or with "
"a :meth:`~object.__getitem__` method that implements :term:`sequence` "
"semantics."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:758
msgid ""
"Iterables can be used in a :keyword:`for` loop and in many other places "
"where a sequence is needed (:func:`zip`, :func:`map`, ...).  When an "
"iterable object is passed as an argument to the built-in "
"function :func:`iter`, it returns an iterator for the object.  This iterator "
"is good for one pass over the set of values.  When using iterables, it is "
"usually not necessary to call :func:`iter` or deal with iterator objects "
"yourself.  The :keyword:`for` statement does that automatically for you, "
"creating a temporary unnamed variable to hold the iterator for the duration "
"of the loop.  See also :term:`iterator`, :term:`sequence`, "
"and :term:`generator`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:768
msgid "iterator"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:770
msgid ""
"An object representing a stream of data.  Repeated calls to the "
"iterator's :meth:`~iterator.__next__` method (or passing it to the built-in "
"function :func:`next`) return successive items in the stream.  When no more "
"data are available a :exc:`StopIteration` exception is raised instead.  At "
"this point, the iterator object is exhausted and any further calls to "
"its :meth:`!__next__` method just raise :exc:`StopIteration` again.  "
"Iterators are required to have an :meth:`~iterator.__iter__` method that "
"returns the iterator object itself so every iterator is also iterable and "
"may be used in most places where other iterables are accepted.  One notable "
"exception is code which attempts multiple iteration passes.  A container "
"object (such as a :class:`list`) produces a fresh new iterator each time you "
"pass it to the :func:`iter` function or use it in a :keyword:`for` loop.  "
"Attempting this with an iterator will just return the same exhausted "
"iterator object used in the previous iteration pass, making it appear like "
"an empty container."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:785
msgid "More information can be found in :ref:`typeiter`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:789
msgid ""
"CPython does not consistently apply the requirement that an iterator "
"define :meth:`~iterator.__iter__`. And also please note that the free-"
"threading CPython does not guarantee the thread-safety of iterator "
"operations."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:794
msgid "key function"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:796
msgid ""
"A key function or collation function is a callable that returns a value used "
"for sorting or ordering.  For example, :func:`locale.strxfrm` is used to "
"produce a sort key that is aware of locale specific sort conventions."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:801
msgid ""
"A number of tools in Python accept key functions to control how elements are "
"ordered or grouped.  They "
"include :func:`min`, :func:`max`, :func:`sorted`, :meth:`list.sort`, :func:`heapq.merge`, :func:`heapq.nsmallest`, :func:`heapq.nlargest`, "
"and :func:`itertools.groupby`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:807
msgid ""
"There are several ways to create a key function.  For example. "
"the :meth:`str.lower` method can serve as a key function for case "
"insensitive sorts.  Alternatively, a key function can be built from "
"a :keyword:`lambda` expression such as ``lambda r: (r[0], r[2])``.  "
"Also, :func:`operator.attrgetter`, :func:`operator.itemgetter`, "
"and :func:`operator.methodcaller` are three key function constructors.  See "
"the :ref:`Sorting HOW TO <sortinghowto>` for examples of how to create and "
"use key functions."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:814
msgid "keyword argument"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1131
msgid "See :term:`argument`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:817
msgid "lambda"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:819
msgid ""
"An anonymous inline function consisting of a single :term:`expression` which "
"is evaluated when the function is called.  The syntax to create a lambda "
"function is ``lambda [parameters]: expression``"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:822
msgid "LBYL"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:824
msgid ""
"Look before you leap.  This coding style explicitly tests for pre-conditions "
"before making calls or lookups.  This style contrasts with the :term:`EAFP` "
"approach and is characterized by the presence of many :keyword:`if` "
"statements."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:829
msgid ""
"In a multi-threaded environment, the LBYL approach can risk introducing a "
"race condition between \"the looking\" and \"the leaping\".  For example, "
"the code, ``if key in mapping: return mapping[key]`` can fail if another "
"thread removes *key* from *mapping* after the test, but before the lookup. "
"This issue can be solved with locks or by using the EAFP approach."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:834
msgid "lexical analyzer"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:837
msgid "Formal name for the *tokenizer*; see :term:`token`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:838
msgid "list"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:840
msgid ""
"A built-in Python :term:`sequence`.  Despite its name it is more akin to an "
"array in other languages than to a linked list since access to elements is "
"*O*\\ (1)."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:843
msgid "list comprehension"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:845
msgid ""
"A compact way to process all or part of the elements in a sequence and "
"return a list with the results.  ``result = ['{:#04x}'.format(x) for x in "
"range(256) if x % 2 == 0]`` generates a list of strings containing even hex "
"numbers (0x..) in the range from 0 to 255. The :keyword:`if` clause is "
"optional.  If omitted, all elements in ``range(256)`` are processed."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:851
msgid "loader"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:853
msgid ""
"An object that loads a module. It must define the :meth:`!exec_module` "
"and :meth:`!create_module` methods to implement "
"the :class:`~importlib.abc.Loader` interface. A loader is typically returned "
"by a :term:`finder`. See also:"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:859
msgid ":ref:`finders-and-loaders`"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:860
msgid ":class:`importlib.abc.Loader`"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:861
msgid ":pep:`302`"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:862
msgid "locale encoding"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:864
msgid ""
"On Unix, it is the encoding of the LC_CTYPE locale. It can be set "
"with :func:`locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, new_locale) "
"<locale.setlocale>`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:867
msgid "On Windows, it is the ANSI code page (ex: ``\"cp1252\"``)."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:869
msgid ""
"On Android and VxWorks, Python uses ``\"utf-8\"`` as the locale encoding."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:871
msgid ":func:`locale.getencoding` can be used to get the locale encoding."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:873
msgid "See also the :term:`filesystem encoding and error handler`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:874
msgid "magic method"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:878
msgid "An informal synonym for :term:`special method`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:879
msgid "mapping"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:881
msgid ""
"A container object that supports arbitrary key lookups and implements the "
"methods specified in the :class:`collections.abc.Mapping` "
"or :class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` :ref:`abstract base classes "
"<collections-abstract-base-classes>`.  Examples "
"include :class:`dict`, :class:`collections.defaultdict`, :class:`collections.OrderedDict` "
"and :class:`collections.Counter`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:887
msgid "meta path finder"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:889
msgid ""
"A :term:`finder` returned by a search of :data:`sys.meta_path`.  Meta path "
"finders are related to, but different from :term:`path entry finders <path "
"entry finder>`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:893
msgid ""
"See :class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder` for the methods that meta path "
"finders implement."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:895
msgid "metaclass"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:897
msgid ""
"The class of a class.  Class definitions create a class name, a class "
"dictionary, and a list of base classes.  The metaclass is responsible for "
"taking those three arguments and creating the class.  Most object oriented "
"programming languages provide a default implementation.  What makes Python "
"special is that it is possible to create custom metaclasses.  Most users "
"never need this tool, but when the need arises, metaclasses can provide "
"powerful, elegant solutions.  They have been used for logging attribute "
"access, adding thread-safety, tracking object creation, implementing "
"singletons, and many other tasks."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:907
msgid "More information can be found in :ref:`metaclasses`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1276
msgid "method"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:910
msgid ""
"A function which is defined inside a class body.  If called as an attribute "
"of an instance of that class, the method will get the instance object as its "
"first :term:`argument` (which is usually called ``self``). "
"See :term:`function` and :term:`nested scope`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:914
msgid "method resolution order"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:916
msgid ""
"Method Resolution Order is the order in which base classes are searched for "
"a member during lookup. See :ref:`python_2.3_mro` for details of the "
"algorithm used by the Python interpreter since the 2.3 release."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:919
msgid "module"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:921
msgid ""
"An object that serves as an organizational unit of Python code.  Modules "
"have a namespace containing arbitrary Python objects.  Modules are loaded "
"into Python by the process of :term:`importing`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:925
msgid "See also :term:`package`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:926
msgid "module spec"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:928
msgid ""
"A namespace containing the import-related information used to load a module. "
"An instance of :class:`importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:931
msgid "See also :ref:`module-specs`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:932
msgid "MRO"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:934
msgid "See :term:`method resolution order`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:935
msgid "mutable"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:937
msgid ""
"Mutable objects can change their value but keep their :func:`id`.  See "
"also :term:`immutable`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:939
msgid "named tuple"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:941
msgid ""
"The term \"named tuple\" applies to any type or class that inherits from "
"tuple and whose indexable elements are also accessible using named "
"attributes.  The type or class may have other features as well."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:945
msgid ""
"Several built-in types are named tuples, including the values returned "
"by :func:`time.localtime` and :func:`os.stat`.  Another example "
"is :data:`sys.float_info`::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:949
msgid ""
">>> sys.float_info[1]                   # indexed access\n"
"1024\n"
">>> sys.float_info.max_exp              # named field access\n"
"1024\n"
">>> isinstance(sys.float_info, tuple)   # kind of tuple\n"
"True"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:956
msgid ""
"Some named tuples are built-in types (such as the above examples). "
"Alternatively, a named tuple can be created from a regular class definition "
"that inherits from :class:`tuple` and that defines named fields.  Such a "
"class can be written by hand, or it can be created by "
"inheriting :class:`typing.NamedTuple`, or with the factory "
"function :func:`collections.namedtuple`.  The latter techniques also add "
"some extra methods that may not be found in hand-written or built-in named "
"tuples."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:964
msgid "namespace"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:966
msgid ""
"The place where a variable is stored.  Namespaces are implemented as "
"dictionaries.  There are the local, global and built-in namespaces as well "
"as nested namespaces in objects (in methods).  Namespaces support modularity "
"by preventing naming conflicts.  For instance, the "
"functions :func:`builtins.open <.open>` and :func:`os.open` are "
"distinguished by their namespaces.  Namespaces also aid readability and "
"maintainability by making it clear which module implements a function.  For "
"instance, writing :func:`random.seed` or :func:`itertools.islice` makes it "
"clear that those functions are implemented by the :mod:`random` "
"and :mod:`itertools` modules, respectively."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:976
msgid "namespace package"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:978
msgid ""
"A :term:`package` which serves only as a container for subpackages. "
"Namespace packages may have no physical representation, and specifically are "
"not like a :term:`regular package` because they have no ``__init__.py`` file."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:983
msgid ""
"Namespace packages allow several individually installable packages to have a "
"common parent package. Otherwise, it is recommended to use a :term:`regular "
"package`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:986
msgid ""
"For more information, see :pep:`420` and :ref:`reference-namespace-package`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:988
msgid "See also :term:`module`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:989
msgid "nested scope"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:991
msgid ""
"The ability to refer to a variable in an enclosing definition.  For "
"instance, a function defined inside another function can refer to variables "
"in the outer function.  Note that nested scopes by default work only for "
"reference and not for assignment.  Local variables both read and write in "
"the innermost scope.  Likewise, global variables read and write to the "
"global namespace.  The :keyword:`nonlocal` allows writing to outer scopes."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:998
msgid "new-style class"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1000
msgid ""
"Old name for the flavor of classes now used for all class objects.  In "
"earlier Python versions, only new-style classes could use Python's newer, "
"versatile features like :attr:`~object.__slots__`, descriptors, "
"properties, :meth:`~object.__getattribute__`, class methods, and static "
"methods."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1005
msgid "object"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1007
msgid ""
"Any data with state (attributes or value) and defined behavior (methods).  "
"Also the ultimate base class of any :term:`new-style class`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1010
msgid "optimized scope"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1012
msgid ""
"A scope where target local variable names are reliably known to the compiler "
"when the code is compiled, allowing optimization of read and write access to "
"these names. The local namespaces for functions, generators, coroutines, "
"comprehensions, and generator expressions are optimized in this fashion. "
"Note: most interpreter optimizations are applied to all scopes, only those "
"relying on a known set of local and nonlocal variable names are restricted "
"to optimized scopes."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1019
msgid "package"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1021
msgid ""
"A Python :term:`module` which can contain submodules or recursively, "
"subpackages.  Technically, a package is a Python module with a ``__path__`` "
"attribute."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1025
msgid "See also :term:`regular package` and :term:`namespace package`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1026
msgid "parameter"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1028
msgid ""
"A named entity in a :term:`function` (or method) definition that specifies "
"an :term:`argument` (or in some cases, arguments) that the function can "
"accept.  There are five kinds of parameter:"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1032
msgid ""
":dfn:`positional-or-keyword`: specifies an argument that can be passed "
"either :term:`positionally <argument>` or as a :term:`keyword argument "
"<argument>`.  This is the default kind of parameter, for example *foo* and "
"*bar* in the following::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1037
msgid "def func(foo, bar=None): ..."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1041
msgid ""
":dfn:`positional-only`: specifies an argument that can be supplied only by "
"position. Positional-only parameters can be defined by including a ``/`` "
"character in the parameter list of the function definition after them, for "
"example *posonly1* and *posonly2* in the following::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1046
msgid "def func(posonly1, posonly2, /, positional_or_keyword): ..."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1050
msgid ""
":dfn:`keyword-only`: specifies an argument that can be supplied only by "
"keyword.  Keyword-only parameters can be defined by including a single var-"
"positional parameter or bare ``*`` in the parameter list of the function "
"definition before them, for example *kw_only1* and *kw_only2* in the "
"following::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1056
msgid "def func(arg, *, kw_only1, kw_only2): ..."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1058
msgid ""
":dfn:`var-positional`: specifies that an arbitrary sequence of positional "
"arguments can be provided (in addition to any positional arguments already "
"accepted by other parameters).  Such a parameter can be defined by "
"prepending the parameter name with ``*``, for example *args* in the "
"following::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1064
msgid "def func(*args, **kwargs): ..."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1066
msgid ""
":dfn:`var-keyword`: specifies that arbitrarily many keyword arguments can be "
"provided (in addition to any keyword arguments already accepted by other "
"parameters).  Such a parameter can be defined by prepending the parameter "
"name with ``**``, for example *kwargs* in the example above."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1072
msgid ""
"Parameters can specify both optional and required arguments, as well as "
"default values for some optional arguments."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1075
msgid ""
"See also the :term:`argument` glossary entry, the FAQ question on :ref:`the "
"difference between arguments and parameters <faq-argument-vs-parameter>`, "
"the :class:`inspect.Parameter` class, the :ref:`function` section, "
"and :pep:`362`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1079
msgid "path entry"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1081
msgid ""
"A single location on the :term:`import path` which the :term:`path based "
"finder` consults to find modules for importing."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1083
msgid "path entry finder"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1085
msgid ""
"A :term:`finder` returned by a callable on :data:`sys.path_hooks` (i.e. "
"a :term:`path entry hook`) which knows how to locate modules given "
"a :term:`path entry`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1089
msgid ""
"See :class:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder` for the methods that path entry "
"finders implement."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1091
msgid "path entry hook"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1093
msgid ""
"A callable on the :data:`sys.path_hooks` list which returns a :term:`path "
"entry finder` if it knows how to find modules on a specific :term:`path "
"entry`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1096
msgid "path based finder"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1098
msgid ""
"One of the default :term:`meta path finders <meta path finder>` which "
"searches an :term:`import path` for modules."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1100
msgid "path-like object"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1102
msgid ""
"An object representing a file system path. A path-like object is either "
"a :class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object representing a path, or an object "
"implementing the :class:`os.PathLike` protocol. An object that supports "
"the :class:`os.PathLike` protocol can be converted to a :class:`str` "
"or :class:`bytes` file system path by calling the :func:`os.fspath` "
"function; :func:`os.fsdecode` and :func:`os.fsencode` can be used to "
"guarantee a :class:`str` or :class:`bytes` result instead, respectively. "
"Introduced by :pep:`519`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1110
msgid "PEP"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1112
msgid ""
"Python Enhancement Proposal. A PEP is a design document providing "
"information to the Python community, or describing a new feature for Python "
"or its processes or environment. PEPs should provide a concise technical "
"specification and a rationale for proposed features."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1118
msgid ""
"PEPs are intended to be the primary mechanisms for proposing major new "
"features, for collecting community input on an issue, and for documenting "
"the design decisions that have gone into Python. The PEP author is "
"responsible for building consensus within the community and documenting "
"dissenting opinions."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1124
msgid "See :pep:`1`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1125
msgid "portion"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1127
msgid ""
"A set of files in a single directory (possibly stored in a zip file) that "
"contribute to a namespace package, as defined in :pep:`420`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1129
msgid "positional argument"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1132
msgid "provisional API"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1134
msgid ""
"A provisional API is one which has been deliberately excluded from the "
"standard library's backwards compatibility guarantees.  While major changes "
"to such interfaces are not expected, as long as they are marked provisional, "
"backwards incompatible changes (up to and including removal of the "
"interface) may occur if deemed necessary by core developers.  Such changes "
"will not be made gratuitously -- they will occur only if serious fundamental "
"flaws are uncovered that were missed prior to the inclusion of the API."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1143
msgid ""
"Even for provisional APIs, backwards incompatible changes are seen as a "
"\"solution of last resort\" - every attempt will still be made to find a "
"backwards compatible resolution to any identified problems."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1147
msgid ""
"This process allows the standard library to continue to evolve over time, "
"without locking in problematic design errors for extended periods of time.  "
"See :pep:`411` for more details."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1150
msgid "provisional package"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1152
msgid "See :term:`provisional API`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1153
msgid "Python 3000"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1155
msgid ""
"Nickname for the Python 3.x release line (coined long ago when the release "
"of version 3 was something in the distant future.)  This is also abbreviated "
"\"Py3k\"."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1158
msgid "Pythonic"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1160
msgid ""
"An idea or piece of code which closely follows the most common idioms of the "
"Python language, rather than implementing code using concepts common to "
"other languages.  For example, a common idiom in Python is to loop over all "
"elements of an iterable using a :keyword:`for` statement.  Many other "
"languages don't have this type of construct, so people unfamiliar with "
"Python sometimes use a numerical counter instead::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1167
msgid ""
"for i in range(len(food)):\n"
"    print(food[i])"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1170
msgid "As opposed to the cleaner, Pythonic method::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1172
msgid ""
"for piece in food:\n"
"    print(piece)"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1174
msgid "qualified name"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1176
msgid ""
"A dotted name showing the \"path\" from a module's global scope to a class, "
"function or method defined in that module, as defined in :pep:`3155`.  For "
"top-level functions and classes, the qualified name is the same as the "
"object's name::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1181
msgid ""
">>> class C:\n"
"...     class D:\n"
"...         def meth(self):\n"
"...             pass\n"
"...\n"
">>> C.__qualname__\n"
"'C'\n"
">>> C.D.__qualname__\n"
"'C.D'\n"
">>> C.D.meth.__qualname__\n"
"'C.D.meth'"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1193
msgid ""
"When used to refer to modules, the *fully qualified name* means the entire "
"dotted path to the module, including any parent packages, e.g. "
"``email.mime.text``::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1197
msgid ""
">>> import email.mime.text\n"
">>> email.mime.text.__name__\n"
"'email.mime.text'"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1200
msgid "reference count"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1202
msgid ""
"The number of references to an object.  When the reference count of an "
"object drops to zero, it is deallocated.  Some objects are :term:`immortal` "
"and have reference counts that are never modified, and therefore the objects "
"are never deallocated.  Reference counting is generally not visible to "
"Python code, but it is a key element of the :term:`CPython` implementation.  "
"Programmers can call the :func:`sys.getrefcount` function to return the "
"reference count for a particular object."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1210
msgid "regular package"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1212
msgid ""
"A traditional :term:`package`, such as a directory containing an "
"``__init__.py`` file."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1215
msgid "See also :term:`namespace package`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1216
msgid "REPL"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1218
msgid ""
"An acronym for the \"read–eval–print loop\", another name for "
"the :term:`interactive` interpreter shell."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1220
msgid "__slots__"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1222
msgid ""
"A declaration inside a class that saves memory by pre-declaring space for "
"instance attributes and eliminating instance dictionaries.  Though popular, "
"the technique is somewhat tricky to get right and is best reserved for rare "
"cases where there are large numbers of instances in a memory-critical "
"application."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1227
msgid "sequence"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1229
msgid ""
"An :term:`iterable` which supports efficient element access using integer "
"indices via the :meth:`~object.__getitem__` special method and defines "
"a :meth:`~object.__len__` method that returns the length of the sequence. "
"Some built-in sequence types "
"are :class:`list`, :class:`str`, :class:`tuple`, and :class:`bytes`. Note "
"that :class:`dict` also supports :meth:`~object.__getitem__` and :meth:`!"
"__len__`, but is considered a mapping rather than a sequence because the "
"lookups use arbitrary :term:`hashable` keys rather than integers."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1238
msgid ""
"The :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` abstract base class defines a much "
"richer interface that goes beyond just :meth:`~object.__getitem__` "
"and :meth:`~object.__len__`, adding :meth:`!count`, :meth:`!"
"index`, :meth:`~object.__contains__`, and :meth:`~object.__reversed__`. "
"Types that implement this expanded interface can be registered explicitly "
"using :func:`~abc.ABCMeta.register`. For more documentation on sequence "
"methods generally, see :ref:`Common Sequence Operations <typesseq-common>`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1247
msgid "set comprehension"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1249
msgid ""
"A compact way to process all or part of the elements in an iterable and "
"return a set with the results. ``results = {c for c in 'abracadabra' if c "
"not in 'abc'}`` generates the set of strings ``{'r', 'd'}``.  "
"See :ref:`comprehensions`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1253
msgid "single dispatch"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1255
msgid ""
"A form of :term:`generic function` dispatch where the implementation is "
"chosen based on the type of a single argument."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1257
msgid "slice"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1259
msgid ""
"An object usually containing a portion of a :term:`sequence`.  A slice is "
"created using the subscript notation, ``[]`` with colons between numbers "
"when several are given, such as in ``variable_name[1:3:5]``.  The bracket "
"(subscript) notation uses :class:`slice` objects internally."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1263
msgid "soft deprecated"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1265
msgid ""
"A soft deprecated API should not be used in new code, but it is safe for "
"already existing code to use it. The API remains documented and tested, but "
"will not be enhanced further."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1269
msgid ""
"Soft deprecation, unlike normal deprecation, does not plan on removing the "
"API and will not emit warnings."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1272
msgid ""
"See `PEP 387: Soft Deprecation <https://peps.python.org/pep-0387/#soft-"
"deprecation>`_."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1274
msgid "special method"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1278
msgid ""
"A method that is called implicitly by Python to execute a certain operation "
"on a type, such as addition.  Such methods have names starting and ending "
"with double underscores.  Special methods are documented "
"in :ref:`specialnames`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1282
msgid "statement"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1284
msgid ""
"A statement is part of a suite (a \"block\" of code).  A statement is either "
"an :term:`expression` or one of several constructs with a keyword, such "
"as :keyword:`if`, :keyword:`while` or :keyword:`for`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1287
msgid "static type checker"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1289
msgid ""
"An external tool that reads Python code and analyzes it, looking for issues "
"such as incorrect types. See also :term:`type hints <type hint>` and "
"the :mod:`typing` module."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1292
msgid "strong reference"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1294
msgid ""
"In Python's C API, a strong reference is a reference to an object which is "
"owned by the code holding the reference.  The strong reference is taken by "
"calling :c:func:`Py_INCREF` when the reference is created and released "
"with :c:func:`Py_DECREF` when the reference is deleted."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1300
msgid ""
"The :c:func:`Py_NewRef` function can be used to create a strong reference to "
"an object. Usually, the :c:func:`Py_DECREF` function must be called on the "
"strong reference before exiting the scope of the strong reference, to avoid "
"leaking one reference."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1305
msgid "See also :term:`borrowed reference`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1306
msgid "text encoding"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1308
msgid ""
"A string in Python is a sequence of Unicode code points (in range "
"``U+0000``--``U+10FFFF``). To store or transfer a string, it needs to be "
"serialized as a sequence of bytes."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1312
msgid ""
"Serializing a string into a sequence of bytes is known as \"encoding\", and "
"recreating the string from the sequence of bytes is known as \"decoding\"."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1315
msgid ""
"There are a variety of different text serialization :ref:`codecs <standard-"
"encodings>`, which are collectively referred to as \"text encodings\"."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1318
msgid "text file"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1320
msgid ""
"A :term:`file object` able to read and write :class:`str` objects. Often, a "
"text file actually accesses a byte-oriented datastream and handles "
"the :term:`text encoding` automatically. Examples of text files are files "
"opened in text mode (``'r'`` or "
"``'w'``), :data:`sys.stdin`, :data:`sys.stdout`, and instances "
"of :class:`io.StringIO`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1327
msgid ""
"See also :term:`binary file` for a file object able to read and "
"write :term:`bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1329
msgid "thread state"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1332
msgid ""
"The information used by the :term:`CPython` runtime to run in an OS thread. "
"For example, this includes the current exception, if any, and the state of "
"the bytecode interpreter."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1336
msgid ""
"Each thread state is bound to a single OS thread, but threads may have many "
"thread states available.  At most, one of them may be :term:`attached "
"<attached thread state>` at once."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1340
msgid ""
"An :term:`attached thread state` is required to call most of Python's C API, "
"unless a function explicitly documents otherwise. The bytecode interpreter "
"only runs under an attached thread state."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1344
msgid ""
"Each thread state belongs to a single interpreter, but each interpreter may "
"have many thread states, including multiple for the same OS thread. Thread "
"states from multiple interpreters may be bound to the same thread, but only "
"one can be :term:`attached <attached thread state>` in that thread at any "
"given moment."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1350
msgid ""
"See :ref:`Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock <threads>` for more "
"information."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1352
msgid "token"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1355
msgid ""
"A small unit of source code, generated by the :ref:`lexical analyzer "
"<lexical>` (also called the *tokenizer*). Names, numbers, strings, "
"operators, newlines and similar are represented by tokens."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1360
msgid ""
"The :mod:`tokenize` module exposes Python's lexical analyzer. "
"The :mod:`token` module contains information on the various types of tokens."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1363
msgid "triple-quoted string"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1365
msgid ""
"A string which is bound by three instances of either a quotation mark (\") "
"or an apostrophe (').  While they don't provide any functionality not "
"available with single-quoted strings, they are useful for a number of "
"reasons.  They allow you to include unescaped single and double quotes "
"within a string and they can span multiple lines without the use of the "
"continuation character, making them especially useful when writing "
"docstrings."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1372
msgid "type"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1374
msgid ""
"The type of a Python object determines what kind of object it is; every "
"object has a type.  An object's type is accessible as "
"its :attr:`~object.__class__` attribute or can be retrieved with "
"``type(obj)``."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1378
msgid "type alias"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1380
msgid "A synonym for a type, created by assigning the type to an identifier."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1382
msgid ""
"Type aliases are useful for simplifying :term:`type hints <type hint>`. For "
"example::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1385
msgid ""
"def remove_gray_shades(\n"
"        colors: list[tuple[int, int, int]]) -> list[tuple[int, int, int]]:\n"
"    pass"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1389
msgid "could be made more readable like this::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1391
msgid ""
"Color = tuple[int, int, int]\n"
"\n"
"def remove_gray_shades(colors: list[Color]) -> list[Color]:\n"
"    pass"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1410
msgid "See :mod:`typing` and :pep:`484`, which describe this functionality."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1397
msgid "type hint"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1399
msgid ""
"An :term:`annotation` that specifies the expected type for a variable, a "
"class attribute, or a function parameter or return value."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1402
msgid ""
"Type hints are optional and are not enforced by Python but they are useful "
"to :term:`static type checkers <static type checker>`. They can also aid "
"IDEs with code completion and refactoring."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1406
msgid ""
"Type hints of global variables, class attributes, and functions, but not "
"local variables, can be accessed using :func:`typing.get_type_hints`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1411
msgid "universal newlines"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1413
msgid ""
"A manner of interpreting text streams in which all of the following are "
"recognized as ending a line: the Unix end-of-line convention ``'\\n'``, the "
"Windows convention ``'\\r\\n'``, and the old Macintosh convention "
"``'\\r'``.  See :pep:`278` and :pep:`3116`, as well "
"as :func:`bytes.splitlines` for an additional use."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1418
msgid "variable annotation"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1420
msgid "An :term:`annotation` of a variable or a class attribute."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1422
msgid ""
"When annotating a variable or a class attribute, assignment is optional::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1424
msgid ""
"class C:\n"
"    field: 'annotation'"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1427
msgid ""
"Variable annotations are usually used for :term:`type hints <type hint>`: "
"for example this variable is expected to take :class:`int` values::"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1431
msgid "count: int = 0"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1433
msgid "Variable annotation syntax is explained in section :ref:`annassign`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1435
msgid ""
"See :term:`function annotation`, :pep:`484` and :pep:`526`, which describe "
"this functionality. Also see :ref:`annotations-howto` for best practices on "
"working with annotations."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1439
msgid "virtual environment"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1441
msgid ""
"A cooperatively isolated runtime environment that allows Python users and "
"applications to install and upgrade Python distribution packages without "
"interfering with the behaviour of other Python applications running on the "
"same system."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1446
msgid "See also :mod:`venv`."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1447
msgid "virtual machine"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1449
msgid ""
"A computer defined entirely in software.  Python's virtual machine executes "
"the :term:`bytecode` emitted by the bytecode compiler."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1451
msgid "Zen of Python"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1453
msgid ""
"Listing of Python design principles and philosophies that are helpful in "
"understanding and using the language.  The listing can be found by typing "
"\"``import this``\" at the interactive prompt."
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:319
msgid "C-contiguous"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:319
msgid "Fortran contiguous"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:876
msgid "magic"
msgstr ""

#: glossary.rst:1276
msgid "special"
msgstr ""