Enforce ordering of private state transitions & accesses [tracking ticket]

[dbanks12]

Loosely reference Mike's TS code here when working on this.

Prototyped some of this in this PR: #1646

### Subtasks
        * [ ] https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-packages/issues/864
        * [ ] https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-packages/issues/846
        * [ ] https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-packages/issues/866
        * [ ] https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-packages/issues/867
        * [ ] https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-packages/issues/1096
        * [ ] https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-packages/issues/868
        * [ ] https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-packages/issues/840
        * [ ] https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-packages/issues/2857
        * [ ] https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-packages/issues/2858