[BUG] The Spring Key Vault integration (`spring-cloud-azure-starter-keyvault-secrets`) does not work with local test doubles

[nagyesta]

Describe the bug
The Spring Key Vault integration (spring-cloud-azure-starter-keyvault-secrets) does not work with local test doubles because the disableChallengeResourceVerification option is not configurable.

Exception or Stack Trace
Add the exception log and stack trace if available

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to configure KeyVault property source
	at com.azure.spring.cloud.autoconfigure.implementation.keyvault.environment.KeyVaultEnvironmentPostProcessor.buildKeyVaultPropertySource(KeyVaultEnvironmentPostProcessor.java:131)
	at com.azure.spring.cloud.autoconfigure.implementation.keyvault.environment.KeyVaultEnvironmentPostProcessor.buildKeyVaultPropertySourceList(KeyVaultEnvironmentPostProcessor.java:116)
	at com.azure.spring.cloud.autoconfigure.implementation.keyvault.environment.KeyVaultEnvironmentPostProcessor.postProcessEnvironment(KeyVaultEnvironmentPostProcessor.java:89)
	at org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessorApplicationListener.onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(EnvironmentPostProcessorApplicationListener.java:109)
	at org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessorApplicationListener.onApplicationEvent(EnvironmentPostProcessorApplicationListener.java:94)
	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.doInvokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:172)
	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.invokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:165)
	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:143)
	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:131)
	at org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener.multicastInitialEvent(EventPublishingRunListener.java:136)
	at org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener.environmentPrepared(EventPublishingRunListener.java:81)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.lambda$environmentPrepared$2(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:64)
	at java.base/java.lang.Iterable.forEach(Iterable.java:75)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.doWithListeners(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:118)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.doWithListeners(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:112)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListeners.environmentPrepared(SpringApplicationRunListeners.java:63)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.prepareEnvironment(SpringApplication.java:356)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:307)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1306)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1295)
	at com.github.nagyesta.example.sbkvdemo.SpringBootLocalKeyVaultDemoApplication.main(SpringBootLocalKeyVaultDemoApplication.java:10)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: The challenge resource 'https://localhost:10543/.default' does not match the requested domain. If you wish to disable this check for your client, pass 'true' to the SecretClientBuilder.disableChallengeResourceVerification() method when building it. See https://aka.ms/azsdk/blog/vault-uri for more information.
	at com.azure.security.keyvault.secrets.implementation.KeyVaultCredentialPolicy.authorizeRequestOnChallengeSync(KeyVaultCredentialPolicy.java:281)
	at com.azure.core.http.policy.BearerTokenAuthenticationPolicy.processSync(BearerTokenAuthenticationPolicy.java:135)
	at com.azure.core.http.HttpPipelineNextSyncPolicy.processSync(HttpPipelineNextSyncPolicy.java:41)
	at com.azure.core.http.policy.RetryPolicy.attemptSync(RetryPolicy.java:164)

To Reproduce
Steps to reproduce the behavior:
Please check the failing branch of the example project I have created here: https://github.com/nagyesta/spring-boot-local-key-vault-demo/tree/failing

Code Snippet
com.azure.spring.cloud.autoconfigure.implementation.keyvault.secrets.properties.AzureKeyVaultPropertySourceProperties does not have a disableChallengeResourceVerification field (and the related getter-setter).
Therefore, the com.azure.security.keyvault.secrets.SecretClientBuilder#buildInnerClient method cannot set it as true in this line:

policies.add(new KeyVaultCredentialPolicy(credential, disableChallengeResourceVerification));

Expected behavior
The client configuration should allow disableChallengeResourceVerification to be freely configured for tests.

Screenshots
N/A

Setup (please complete the following information):

• OS: Any (tried on Kubuntu 22.04 LTS)
• IDE: Any (tried with IntelliJ)
• Library/Libraries: com.azure.spring:spring-cloud-azure-starter-keyvault-secrets:5.5.0
• Java version: Any (tried with 17)
• App Server/Environment: Any
• Frameworks: Spring Boot 3.1.2

Additional context
Related to #29651

Information Checklist
Kindly make sure that you have added all the following information above and checkoff the required fields otherwise we will treat the issuer as an incomplete report

• Bug Description Added
• Repro Steps Added
• Setup information Added

[Netyyyy]

Hi @nagyesta , thanks for reaching out.
We have received your submission and will take it into consideration. We appreciate your input and will review this matter as soon as possible.
Please feel free to provide any additional information or context that you think may be helpful. We'll keep you updated on the progress of our review.
Thank you for your contribution to improving our project.

[nagyesta]

Hi @Netyyyy ,
thank you! I have prepared a PR as well (#36603). I hope it will help!