Support per-call timeout in JdkHttpClient

[alzimmermsft]

Description

Fixes #40009

Adds missing support for per-call timeouts in azure-core-http-jdk-httpclient.

All SDK Contribution checklist:

• The pull request does not introduce [breaking changes]
• CHANGELOG is updated for new features, bug fixes or other significant changes.
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[azure-sdk]

API change check

API changes are not detected in this pull request.