ci: use uv to install poetry in CI workflow

[bdraco]

Summary

Mirror of python-zeroconf/python-zeroconf#1673 (which mirrors esphome/aioesphomeapi#1650) for dbus-fast. Speeds up CI by replacing the slow snok/install-poetry provisioning with astral-sh/setup-uv + uv tool install poetry. No production code is touched.

Details

• test job — adds astral-sh/setup-uv@v8.1.0 (SHA-pinned, enable-cache: true) before installing poetry, then runs uv tool install poetry in place of snok/install-poetry@v1.4.1. setup-python's cache: "poetry" is preserved — it caches the per-job project venv keyed off poetry.lock, which is independent of how poetry itself reaches PATH.
• benchmark job — same swap.
• test_big_endian job — left alone. It runs inside an s390x container via uraimo/run-on-arch-action and installs poetry from apt (python3-poetry); uv isn't on that path.

Win is per-job, so it compounds across the test matrix (CPython 3.10–3.14, 3.14t × skip_cython/use_cython on ubuntu-latest = 12 jobs). Steady-state behaviour is unchanged; the speed-up shows up on every job's poetry-install step.

Test plan

• CI test matrix is green across all 12 rows (the workflow change is exercised by every job on this PR).
• CI benchmark job runs to completion and CodSpeed posts a delta.
• test_big_endian still passes (unchanged).
• lint and commitlint jobs are green.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.16%. Comparing base (d64ff78) to head (4f155df).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #652      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   88.58%   89.16%   +0.57%     
==========================================
  Files          29       29              
  Lines        3488     3488              
  Branches      602      602              
==========================================
+ Hits         3090     3110      +20     
+ Misses        247      228      -19     
+ Partials      151      150       -1     

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[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will not alter performance

✅ 6 untouched benchmarks

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_{Comparing ci/use-uv-to-install-poetry (4f155df) with main (7b85364)}