Incompatibility between `python >= 3.11.9` and `dask>=2024.2,<2024.3` requirement

[spjuhel]

Describe the bug
Two people reported a bug installing climada (#943, #949), which seems to be related with dask/dask#11038
Dask team explain this is solved with 2024.4.1.

To Reproduce
Steps to reproduce the behavior/error:

mamba create -n climada_env -c conda-forge climada
mamba activate climada_env
python -m unittest climada.engine.test.test_impact # Or actually just trying to use climada in any way

[...]

TypeError: descriptor '__call__' for 'type' objects doesn't apply to a 'property' object

Climada Version: 5.0.0

System Information (please complete the following information):

• Operating system and version: Any
• Python version: >=3.11.9

---

We either need to:

1. update dask (but looking at the requirements, this seems non-trivial):

climada_python/requirements/env_climada.yml

Line 10 in e4a3cfd

- dask>=2024.2,<2024.3 # 2024.3 apparently instroduced a sophisticated locking mechanism which leads to read-only exceptions in several places

2. Enforce python<3.11.9

In any case, we will need to update dask at some point, @emanuel-schmid do you know how hard that would actually be?

[emanuel-schmid]

@spjuhel thanks for reporting the issue! Nasty one, as it is apparently OS dependent.

We run the very same test to reproduce it on Linux on a daily base: https://ied-wcr-jenkins.ethz.ch/job/conda-forge_installation/
I.g. sucessfully.

However I can reproduce the behavior on Windows 10, expanding the incompatibility to dask 2024.1 (which is the version pinned to climada 5.0.0)

Upgrading to dask >= 2024.5 is no problem and already the requirement in the develop branch.

But for climada installation working out of the box on Windows, we'll need a new build on conda-forge. I'll try and make one.