geopandas: Fix UnicodeEncodeError on Windows for geopandas.GeoDataFrame with non-ASCII characters

pygmt/helpers/tempfile.py

@@ -135,7 +135,12 @@ def tempfile_from_geojson(geojson):
         import geopandas as gpd  # noqa: PLC0415
 
         Path(tmpfile.name).unlink()  # Ensure file is deleted first
-        ogrgmt_kwargs = {"filename": tmpfile.name, "driver": "OGR_GMT", "mode": "w"}
+        ogrgmt_kwargs = {
+            "filename": tmpfile.name,
+            "driver": "OGR_GMT",
+            "mode": "w",
+            "encoding": "UTF-8",  # Necessary for non-ASCII support on Windows.
+        }
         try:
             # OGR_GMT only supports 32-bit integers. We need to map int/int64
             # types to int32/float types depending on if the column has an

pygmt/tests/test_geopandas.py

@@ -260,3 +260,31 @@ def test_geopandas_data_kind_shapely():
     """
     polygon = shapely.geometry.Polygon([(20, 10), (23, 10), (23, 14), (20, 14)])
     assert data_kind(data=polygon) == "geojson"
+
+
+def test_geopandas_nonascii():
+    """
+    Test geopandas.GeoDataFrame with non-ASCII characters.
+
+    The tempfile_from_geojson function writes the GeoDataFrame to a temporary OGR_GMT
+    file, which doesn't work properly if UTF-8 is not the default encoding (e.g.,
+    Windows).
+    """
+    geom = shapely.geometry.Polygon(
+        [
+            (0, 1),
+            (0, 2),
+            (1, 1),
+            (1, 3),
+        ]
+    )
+    gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame(
+        {
+            "name_ascii": ["Fiji"],
+            "name_utf8": ["فيجي"],  # Arabic
+        },
+        geometry=[geom],
+        crs="EPSG:4326",
+    )
+    output = info(gdf, per_column=True)
+    npt.assert_allclose(actual=output, desired=[0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0])