Computer-Networks-Project-2nd-Semester-2025

Name: Manelisi Ngwenya

Module: Computer Networks Practical Project

Institution: North-West University

Feature Implemented: Private IPv4 with NAT

Computer Networks project on cisco packet tracer which contains a variety of topologies, configuration of devices with IPv4 & IPv6,VLAN segmentation including servers and implementation of NAT outside and inside the network.

Part I – Network Topologies Design & Simulation

Overview

This project demonstrates the design, configuration, and simulation of five classic network topologies — Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, and Extended Star — and an integrated Hybrid Topology combining elements of all.

The hybrid topology features:

• Dual Stack addressing (IPv4 & IPv6)
• VLAN segmentation for departments (Admin, Staff, Library, Students and Guests)
• Three dedicated servers (DNS, DHCP, and Web)
• Basic Layer 3 security using * Firewall security*

All designs were created and simulated using Cisco Packet Tracer.

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Topologies Implemented

No.	Topology	Description
1	Bus	Simple linear topology with a single communication backbone.
2	Star	Centralized connection through a main switch.
3	Ring	Devices connected in a closed loop for redundancy.
4	Mesh	High fault tolerance via multiple interconnections.
5	Extended Star	Multiple star topologies connected to a core router.
6	Hybrid	Integration of the above topologies with dual-stack IP, VLANs, and servers.

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Hybrid Network Overview

Feature	Description
Addressing	IPv4 and IPv6 (dual stack)
VLANs	VLAN 10 – Admin, VLAN 20 – Staff, VLAN 30 - Library, VLAN 40 - Students, VLAN 50 - Guests
Servers	DNS, DHCP, and Web servers configured and active
Security	basic Firewall security

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IP Addressing Table

Device	Interface	IPv4 Address	Subnet Mask	IPv6 Address	VLAN	Role
core-R1	G0/0	192.168.1.1	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:1::1/64	1	Gateway
core-R1	G0/1	41.72.100.2	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:FF::2/64	1	Public-Gateway
ISP-Router	G0/0	8.8.8.1	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8::FF::5/64	1	Cloud-Gateway
ISP-Router	G0/1	41.72.100.1	255.255.255.252	2001:DB8:FF::1/64	1	Internet-Gateway
Internet-Server	G0/0	8.8.8.8	255.0.0.0	2001:DB8::FF:3/64	1	Internet
DNS Server	Fa0/10	192.168.99.10	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:99::10/64	10	DNS
DHCP Server	Fa0/11	192.168.10.4	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:10::4/64	10	DHCP
Web Server	Fa0/12	192.168.10.100	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:10::100/64	10	HTTP
CFO-COMPUTER	Fa0/1	192.168.10.17	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:10::17/64	10	Host
Principal	Fa0/2	192.168.10.20	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:10::20/64	10	Host
Clerk	Fa0/4	192.168.10.12	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:10::12/64	10	Host
Cashier	Fa0/5	192.168.10.11	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:10::11/64	10	Host
Admin Printer	Fa0/6	192.168.10.13	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8::13/64	10	Host
IT Printer	Fa0/17	192.168.10.15	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8::15/64	10	Host
IT Computer	Fa0/7	192.168.10.14	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8::14/64	10	Host
Dean office	Fa0/4	192.168.20.7	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:20::7/64	20	Host
Senior Lecturer	Fa0/14	192.168.20.6	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:20::6/64	20	Host
Science Lecturer	Fa0/5	192.168.20.5	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:20::5/64	20	Host
Librarian	Fa0/9	192.168.30.2	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:30::2/64	30	Host
Waiting Area	Fa0/4	192.168.30.7	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:30::7/64	30	Host
Research	Fa0/2	192.168.30.5	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:30::5/64	30	Host
Study Area	Fa0/3	192.168.30.8	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:30::8/64	30	Host
Science Hall	Fa0/8	192.168 40.12	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:40::12/64	40	Host
Education Hall	Fa0/5	192.168.40.6	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:40::6/64	40	Host
Mathematics Hall	Fa0/2	192.168.40.5	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:40::5/64	40	Host
Humanities Hall	Fa0/3	192.168.40.4	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:40::4/64	40	Host
Agriculture Hall	Fa0/15	192.168.40.11	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:40::11/64	40	Host
ART'S Hall	Fa0/14	192.168.40.2	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:40::2/64	40	Host
Cafeteria	Fa0/3	192.168.50.2	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:50::2/64	50	Host
Printing Shop	Fa0/19	192.168.50.6	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:50::6/64	50	Host
Shop 1	Fa0/16	192.168.50.5	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:50::5/64	50	Host
shop 2	Fa0/10	192.168.50.4	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:50::4/64	50	Host
Bank ATM	Fa0/9	192.168.50.3	255.255.255.0	2001:DB8:50::3/64	50	Host

| Testing | Verified with successful IPv4/IPv6 ping and HTTP access |

Configuration Notes

##Switch configurations

1. Create VLANs:

Switch> enable

Switch# configure terminal

Switch(config)# vlan 10

Switch(config-vlan)# name Administration

Switch(config-vlan)# exit

Switch(config)# vlan 20

Switch(config-vlan)# name Teachers

Switch(config-vlan)# exit

Switch(config)# vlan 30

Switch(config-vlan)# name Students

Switch(config-vlan)# exit

Switch(config)# vlan 40

Switch(config-vlan)# name Library

Switch(config-vlan)# exit

Switch(config)# vlan 50

Switch(config-vlan)# name Guest

Switch(config-vlan)# exit

4. Assign VLANs to Interfaces:

Switch(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1

Switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 10

Switch(config-if)# exit

Switch(config)# interface fastethernet 0/2

Switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 20

Switch(config-if)# exit

7. Configure Trunk Port:

Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/1

Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk

Switch(config-if)# exit

Router Configuration

1. Create Subinterfaces:

Router> enable

Router# configure terminal

Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/0.10

Router(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 10

Router(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-subif)# exit

Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/0.20

Router(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 20

Router(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-subif)# exit

3. Enable Inter-VLAN Routing:

Router(config)# ip routing

DHCP Configuration

1. Configure DHCP Server:

Router(config)# ip dhcp pool Administration

Router(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0

Router(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.10.1

Router(dhcp-config)# exit