🌐 [translation-sync] FIX: seven source-side defects in python_by_example, functions, numpy and pandas

[mmcky]

Automated Translation Sync

This PR contains automated translations from QuantEcon/lecture-python-programming.

Source PR

#604 - FIX: seven source-side defects in python_by_example, functions, numpy and pandas

Files Updated

• ✏️ lectures/functions.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/functions.md.yml
• ✏️ lectures/numpy.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/numpy.md.yml
• ✏️ lectures/pandas.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/pandas.md.yml
• ✏️ lectures/python_by_example.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/python_by_example.md.yml

Details

• Source Language: en
• Target Language: zh-cn
• Model: claude-sonnet-5

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This PR was created automatically by the translation action.

[github-actions]

✅ Translation Quality Review

Verdict: PASS | Model: claude-sonnet-5 | Date: 2026-08-05
Routing: editor — 1 minor finding(s) in gating categories (accuracy/terminology/syntax/diff-check/other)
Shadow gate: would NOT auto-merge (recorded only; no action taken)

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📝 Translation Quality

Criterion	Score
Accuracy	9/10
Fluency	9/10
Terminology	9/10
Formatting	9/10
Overall	9/10

Summary: The translation of the modified sections (Overview, Random Draws, Recursive Function Calls, Exercises, Creating Arrays, Make Changes in DataFrames, Accessing Data with requests, While Loops) is accurate, fluent, and terminologically consistent with the provided glossary. Formatting, code blocks, and MyST syntax are well preserved with no structural errors detected. Only minor stylistic nitpicks were found; no blockers or major issues identified in the changed sections. Consistent and accurate rendering of technical NumPy/Pandas/Python terminology (e.g., 广播, 逐元素, 关键字参数, 匿名函数) Code blocks, math notation, and MyST directive syntax preserved correctly throughout all four files Comments inside code cells were properly translated (e.g., '# 空列表', '# 打印计数以便清楚') without breaking code functionality Good handling of full-width Chinese punctuation and proper spacing around inline directives and links per the language-specific policy

Suggestions:

• [minor · fluency] lectures/pandas.md — ### Accessing Data with {index}requests <single: requests>: The heading in the translated body text renders as '### 使用 {index}requests <single: requests> 访问数据' which is fine, but the translation glossary heading mapping lists it as 'On-Line Data Sources::Accessing Data with requests: 使用 requests 访问数据' without spacing markers; the actual body heading correctly includes spaces around the directive, so this is consistent — no actual issue found upon closer…
• [minor · terminology] lectures/pandas.md — ### Make Changes in DataFrames, item 4: "individual entries" translated as "单个条目" is acceptable, but elsewhere "整体修改行/列" for "as a whole" is slightly loose; consider "整体地修改行/列" for smoother flow, though current phrasing is acceptable. → 整体地修改行/列
• [nit · fluency] lectures/functions.md — ### Random Draws: The phrase '我们将把这个程序分成两部分' is accurate but slightly stiff; a more natural rendering could be '我们将把这个程序拆分为两部分', though this is a minor style preference. → 我们将把这个程序拆分为两部分

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🔍 Diff Quality

Check	Status
Scope Correct	✅
Position Correct	✅
Structure Preserved	✅
Heading-map Correct	✅
Overall	10/10

Summary: All four source file changes (functions.md, numpy.md, pandas.md, python_by_example.md) were correctly mirrored in the corresponding translated files at matching positions with structure and translation metadata intact.

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This review was generated automatically by action-translation review mode.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR syncs the zh-cn lecture translations with upstream fixes from QuantEcon/lecture-python-programming#604, updating wording and code snippets in several lectures plus the translation state metadata to reflect the new source commit.

Changes:

• Corrects/clarifies translated explanations and headings in multiple lecture markdown files.
• Updates pandas code examples to use isinstance(..., str) and pd.isna(...) for more robust missing-value handling.
• Bumps translation sync state (source-sha, synced-at, model, tool-version) for the affected pages.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 8 out of 8 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
lectures/python_by_example.md	Clarifies while loop explanation and uses consistent inline-code formatting.
lectures/pandas.md	Improves robustness of examples (type checking via isinstance, missing checks via pd.isna) and generalizes requests narrative to use url.
lectures/numpy.md	Fixes class name reference (DiscreteRV) and standardizes section labels (“第 1/2 部分”).
lectures/functions.md	Removes an extra blank line and corrects stack description to LIFO terminology.
.translate/state/python_by_example.md.yml	Updates translation sync metadata (source SHA/date/model/tool version).
.translate/state/pandas.md.yml	Updates translation sync metadata (source SHA/date/model/tool version).
.translate/state/numpy.md.yml	Updates translation sync metadata (source SHA/date/model/tool version).
.translate/state/functions.md.yml	Updates translation sync metadata (source SHA/date/model/tool version).

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