Correlation function for discrete variable correlation

[kvadrik]

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new algorithms include a corresponding test class that validates their functionality.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 22 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 79.41%. Comparing base (d2744b5) to head (d41d137).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/Correlation.java	0.00%	22 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #7326      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     79.47%   79.41%   -0.07%     
- Complexity     7091     7094       +3     
============================================
  Files           791      792       +1     
  Lines         23202    23224      +22     
  Branches       4565     4567       +2     
============================================
+ Hits          18440    18443       +3     
- Misses         4024     4046      +22     
+ Partials        738      735       -3     

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[AbhiramSakha]

Good implementation. Adding more inline comments would improve readability.

[AbhiramSakha]

Nice improvement in comments! The explanation is much clearer now and easier to understand.