Fixes #7350: Binary Search Reliability Improvement

[surajdm123]

Checklist

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new algorithms include a corresponding test class that validates their functionality.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

Summary

Fixes #7350 by adding missing test cases to improve the reliability of the Binary Search Algorithm.

Changes

• Added test for null array input to ensure method safely returns -1.
• Added test for duplicate elements to validate correct behavior when multiple matches exist.
• Added test for arrays with all identical elements.
• Added test for negative numbers to verify correct comparison handling.
• Added tests for keys outside array bounds:
• Key smaller than the smallest element
• Key larger than the largest element
• Added test for generic type support using String arrays.
• Added test for unsorted array input to ensure method does not crash (behavior undefined but handled safely).

Test Plan

Fixes #7350

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 79.48%. Comparing base (227355e) to head (ae637be).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #7351      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     79.47%   79.48%   +0.01%     
- Complexity     7090     7093       +3     
============================================
  Files           791      791              
  Lines         23202    23202              
  Branches       4565     4565              
============================================
+ Hits          18439    18443       +4     
  Misses         4024     4024              
+ Partials        739      735       -4     

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