Fix exponential backoff float overflow

[alealandreev]

closes: #47971

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[ashb]

This is a big enough change it probably needs some tests.

However rather than maintaining this logic ourselves is it possible make use of https://github.com/hynek/stamina or https://tenacity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ instead please?

[eladkal]

This PR targets v2-10-test branch. Is the issue affect only 2.10? The bug does not exist in main branch?

[potiuk]

Yeah. I rebased it. And this was my suggestion to just limit it - there was a much more complicated version of this PR #48051 - > I think for Airflow 2 that one should be "good enough".

[potiuk]

However we have to get the 2-10-test branch back in order which I believe we have @jason810496 working on it in #48404 and I am going to turn my attention to it as well finally to help.

[potiuk]

However rather than maintaining this logic ourselves is it possible make use of https://github.com/hynek/stamina or https://tenacity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ instead please?

BTW. @ashb -> It would be interesitng to see if one of those handles it better, but that might be difficult to "test" it (and I would hate to add a dependency for it. We do not have stamina so far, but we do have tenacity, so if tenacity can be used to handle it - cool, but other than that, adding other dependency here feels like leftpad case for the 3 lines of code.

[perry2of5]

I looked at using tenacity bigger rewrite than is perhaps warranted. Also, I added the missing tests @ashb wanted in a PR against the branch.