[C++][Dataset] Schema evolution in Dataset scanning

[asfimport]

Overview issue for tasks related to schema evolution (will link issues)

Reporter: Joris Van den Bossche / @jorisvandenbossche

Subtasks:

• [C++][Dataset] Support null -> other type promotion in Dataset scanning

Related issues:

• [Python] Schema Evolution - Add new Field (relates to)
• [C++][Python][Parquet] We should allow for overriding to types by providing a schema (relates to)
• [C++][Dataset] Enable column renaming (in physical schema -> dataset schema) in Dataset scanning (relates to)
• [Python][C++][Parquet] Support reading Parquet files having a permutation of column order (relates to)
• [C++/Python][Dataset] Support schema evolution for integer columns (relates to)
• [C++][Dataset] Schema evolution for timestamp columns (relates to)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-11003. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[github-actions]

This issue has been marked as stale because it has had no activity in the past 365 days. Please remove the stale label or comment below, or this issue will be closed in 14 days. If this improvement is still desired but has no current owner, please add the 'Status: needs champion' label.

[thisisnic]

Closing as only remaining issue can be treated as standalone.