[C++][CI] Use Brew installed clang for MacOS

[asfimport]

Also needs to solve compatibility issues with clang-15

-Temporarily turn off gcsfs_test, s3fs_test, flight_internals_test and flight_test if built by clang-15 due to this issue: boostorg/container_hash#24-

Add #define BOOST_NO_CXX98_FUNCTION_BASE before including boost:process to avoid this issue boostorg/container_hash#24

Reporter: Jin Shang / @js8544
Assignee: Jin Shang / @js8544

Related issues:

• [C++][Gandiva] Adapt to LLVM opaque pointer (relates to)
• [C++][Gandiva] Solve LLVM 15 CI performace and compatibility issues (is related to)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-17805. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Jin Shang / @js8544:
Issue resolved by pull request 14187
#14187