[C++] As-of-Join Substrait extension

[asfimport]

This issue will add Arrow support for handling As-Of-Join as a Substrait extension based on Weston's Substrait extension prototype.

Reporter: Yaron Gvili / @rtpsw
Assignee: Yaron Gvili / @rtpsw

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #14385
• GitHub Pull Request #14485

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-17980. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Weston Pace / @westonpace:
Issue resolved by pull request 14485
#14485