[C++] Populate Substrait producer version from cmake config variables

[asfimport]

Currently the Substrait producer version is hard-coded.  Once Substrait merges in substrait-io/substrait#342 and we can reestablish ourselves on an official release then we should update the code that creates the version to use CMake variables as described in #14415 (comment)

 

This will allow us to have a single source of truth for the Substrait version.

Reporter: Weston Pace / @westonpace

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-18145. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[thisisnic]

This issue has been marked as stale because it has had no activity in the past 2 years. Please remove the stale label or comment below, or this issue will be closed in 14 days.