[Python] _Py_IsFinalizing will be removed in Python 3.13

[tacaswell]

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

_Py_IsFinalizing was removed in python/cpython#106400 and replaced with a public version in python/cpython#108032 .

This function is used 5 places in udf.cc for example:

arrow/python/pyarrow/src/arrow/python/udf.cc

Lines 49 to 53 in 0ef7351

	~PythonUdfKernelState() {
	if (_Py_IsFinalizing()) {
	function->detach();
	}
	}

which prevents building on Python 3.13.

Presumably this will need to be version gated on the version of CPython, but I am not sure how you prefer to do that in arrow.

Component(s)

Python

[jorisvandenbossche]

Thanks for the heads up! (cc @pitrou)

Presumably this will need to be version gated on the version of CPython, but I am not sure how you prefer to do that in arrow.

I assume we can use an #if / #else directive with one of the version macros that CPython exposes (https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/apiabiversion.html).
From a quick look it seems we actually don't yet have any version specific code for CPython.

[tacaswell]

https://github.com/cython/cython/blob/a6d810b970c21948c7fcdeec2cf28769e716e4a9/Cython/Utility/ModuleSetupCode.c#L671-L703 is an example of how cython does it internally (which is the project where I have seen this done the most at the c level).

[raulcd]

Issue resolved by pull request 42034
#42034