[BEAM-11731][BEAM-10582] Allow pyarrow<4,numpy<1.21.0, improve pyarrow verification

[TheNeuralBit]

A few simultaneous changes here:

• Allow pyarrow up to 3.x, numpy up to 1.21.x
• Modifies CI to use numpy <1.20.0 when testing pyarrow <3 to workaround ARROW-11450
• Adds a new uses_pyarrow mark, so that we can test both parquetio_test and dataframe.io_test against multiple pyarrow versions

Note this does not protect our users from using numpy 1.20.0 and pyarrow <3. Unfortunately it doesn't look like there's a way to achieve that in setup.py.

Post-Commit Tests Status (on master branch)

Lang	SDK	Dataflow	Flink	Samza	Spark	Twister2
Go		---		---		---
Java
Python				---		---
XLang				---		---

Pre-Commit Tests Status (on master branch)

---	Java	Python	Go	Website	Whitespace	Typescript
Non-portable
Portable	---		---	---	---	---

See .test-infra/jenkins/README for trigger phrase, status and link of all Jenkins jobs.

GitHub Actions Tests Status (on master branch)

See CI.md for more information about GitHub Actions CI.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #13892 (204c553) into master (489ab66) will decrease coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #13892      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   82.86%   82.85%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         466      466              
  Lines       57612    57596      -16     
==========================================
- Hits        47742    47719      -23     
- Misses       9870     9877       +7     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
sdks/python/apache_beam/dataframe/schemas.py	95.31% <100.00%> (ø)
sdks/python/apache_beam/internal/metrics/metric.py	86.45% <0.00%> (-1.05%)	⬇️
...on/apache_beam/runners/dataflow/dataflow_runner.py	82.28% <0.00%> (-0.75%)	⬇️
...ache_beam/runners/dataflow/ptransform_overrides.py	90.36% <0.00%> (-0.70%)	⬇️
...apache_beam/runners/dataflow/internal/apiclient.py	73.13% <0.00%> (-0.35%)	⬇️
sdks/python/apache_beam/io/gcp/bigquery.py	75.07% <0.00%> (-0.04%)	⬇️
setup.py	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...apache_beam/portability/api/beam_runner_api_pb2.py	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...apache_beam/runners/portability/portable_runner.py	76.30% <0.00%> (ø)
...e_beam/portability/api/beam_runner_api_pb2_urns.py	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
... and 1 more

---

Continue to review full report at Codecov.

Legend - Click here to learn more
Δ = absolute <relative> (impact), ø = not affected, ? = missing data
Powered by Codecov. Last update b56b61a...204c553. Read the comment docs.

[TheNeuralBit]

Run Python PreCommit

[aaltay]

Thank you!