feat(consensus): add ClientsTable for duplicate detection and reply caching

[krishvishal]

• Adds ClientsTable to the consensus layer implementing the VSR client-table ( based on VR Revisited, Section 4, Figure 2) for duplicate request detection and reply caching
• Integrates into on_request (both metadata and partitions planes) to check for duplicate/stale requests before entering the consensus pipeline
• Integrates into on_ack to cache committed replies for re-sending on duplicates
• Deterministic eviction by oldest committed request when max_clients (8192) is exceeded

Closes #3022

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 61.84211% with 58 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 71.74%. Comparing base (411a697) to head (5ce819d).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
core/metadata/src/impls/metadata.rs	0.00%	24 Missing ⚠️
core/partitions/src/iggy_partitions.rs	0.00%	24 Missing ⚠️
core/consensus/src/clients_table.rs	93.00%	3 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️
core/consensus/src/impls.rs	25.00%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             master    #3023    +/-   ##
==========================================
  Coverage     71.74%   71.74%            
  Complexity      943      943            
==========================================
  Files          1121     1122     +1     
  Lines         93800    93946   +146     
  Branches      71124    71282   +158     
==========================================
+ Hits          67301    67406   +105     
- Misses        23863    23883    +20     
- Partials       2636     2657    +21     

Components	Coverage Δ
Rust Core	72.36% <61.84%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
Java SDK	62.30% <ø> (ø)
C# SDK	67.43% <ø> (-0.21%)	⬇️
Python SDK	81.43% <ø> (ø)
Node SDK	91.40% <ø> (+0.09%)	⬆️
Go SDK	38.68% <ø> (ø)

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
core/consensus/src/impls.rs	42.25% <25.00%> (-0.24%)	⬇️
core/consensus/src/clients_table.rs	93.00% <93.00%> (ø)
core/metadata/src/impls/metadata.rs	15.61% <0.00%> (-1.33%)	⬇️
core/partitions/src/iggy_partitions.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)

... and 24 files with indirect coverage changes

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[numinnex]

Add an Notify primitive, to notify awaiting client that the respones is ready