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sejoker merged 3 commits into from
Dec 12, 2025
Merged

[R2 SQL] Updating with aggregation support and changelog #27068

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a9dd95e
init commit with new aggregations
Marcinthecloud Dec 4, 2025
d900824
addressed comments, added changelog
Marcinthecloud Dec 11, 2025
affc94d
addressed feedback/comments
Marcinthecloud Dec 12, 2025
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86 changes: 86 additions & 0 deletions src/content/changelog/r2-sql/2025-12-12-aggregation-support-and-more.mdx
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---
title: R2 SQL now supports aggregations and schema discovery
description: Perform aggregations, grouping, and filtering on Apache Iceberg tables stored in R2 Data Catalog
date: 2025-12-12
products:
- r2-sql
hidden: false
---

R2 SQL now supports aggregation functions, `GROUP BY`, `HAVING`, along with schema discovery commands to make it easy to explore your data catalog.

## Aggregation Functions

You can now perform aggregations on Apache Iceberg tables in [R2 Data Catalog](/r2/data-catalog/) using standard SQL functions including `COUNT(*)`, `SUM()`, `AVG()`, `MIN()`, and `MAX()`. Combine these with `GROUP BY` to analyze data across dimensions, and use `HAVING` to filter aggregated results.

```sql
-- Calculate average transaction amounts by department
SELECT department, COUNT(*), AVG(total_amount)
FROM my_namespace.sales_data
WHERE region = 'North'
GROUP BY department
HAVING COUNT(*) > 50
ORDER BY AVG(total_amount) DESC
```

```sql
-- Find high-value departments
SELECT department, SUM(total_amount)
FROM my_namespace.sales_data
GROUP BY department
HAVING SUM(total_amount) > 50000
```

## Schema Discovery

New metadata commands make it easy to explore your data catalog and understand table structures:

- `SHOW DATABASES` or `SHOW NAMESPACES` - List all available namespaces
- `SHOW TABLES IN namespace_name` - List tables within a namespace
- `DESCRIBE namespace_name.table_name` - View table schema and column types

```bash
❯ npx wrangler r2 sql query "{ACCOUNT_ID}_{BUCKET_NAME}" "DESCRIBE default.sales_data;"

⛅️ wrangler 4.54.0
─────────────────────────────────────────────

┌──────────────────┬────────────────┬──────────┬─────────────────┬───────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ column_name │ type │ required │ initial_default │ write_default │ doc │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ sale_id │ BIGINT │ false │ │ │ Unique identifier for each sales transaction │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ sale_timestamp │ TIMESTAMPTZ │ false │ │ │ Exact date and time when the sale occurred (used for partitioning) │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ department │ TEXT │ false │ │ │ Product department (8 categories: Electronics, Beauty, Home, Toys, Sports, Food, Clothing, Books) │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ category │ TEXT │ false │ │ │ Product category grouping (4 categories: Premium, Standard, Budget, Clearance) │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ region │ TEXT │ false │ │ │ Geographic sales region (5 regions: North, South, East, West, Central) │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ product_id │ INT │ false │ │ │ Unique identifier for the product sold │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ quantity │ INT │ false │ │ │ Number of units sold in this transaction (range: 1-50) │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ unit_price │ DECIMAL(10, 2) │ false │ │ │ Price per unit in dollars (range: $5.00-$500.00) │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ total_amount │ DECIMAL(10, 2) │ false │ │ │ Total sale amount before tax (quantity × unit_price with discounts applied) │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ discount_percent │ INT │ false │ │ │ Discount percentage applied to this sale (0-50%) │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ tax_amount │ DECIMAL(10, 2) │ false │ │ │ Tax amount collected on this sale │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ profit_margin │ DECIMAL(10, 2) │ false │ │ │ Profit margin on this sale as a decimal percentage │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ customer_id │ INT │ false │ │ │ Unique identifier for the customer who made the purchase │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ is_online_sale │ BOOLEAN │ false │ │ │ Boolean flag indicating if sale was made online (true) or in-store (false) │
├──────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ sale_date │ DATE │ false │ │ │ Calendar date of the sale (extracted from sale_timestamp) │
└──────────────────┴────────────────┴──────────┴─────────────────┴───────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```

To learn more about the new aggregation capabilities and schema discovery commands, check out the [SQL reference](/r2-sql/sql-reference/). If you're new to R2 SQL, visit our [getting started guide](/r2-sql/get-started/) to begin querying your data.
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