Update the minimal image to gcr.io/distroless/base-debian12

[roger2hk]

This PR reverts the change in #1119 and update the minimal image to use debian12 for glibc.

Checklist

• I have updated the CHANGELOG.
  • Adjust the draft version number according to semantic versioning rules.
• I have updated documentation accordingly.

[roger2hk]

The instruction in README.md works as expected after updating the minimal image has been updated.

➜ /workspaces/certificate-transparency-go (glibc) $ go run ./client/ctclient get-sth --log_uri http://localhost:8080/testlog
2023-11-06 16:16:15.961 +0000 UTC (timestamp 1699287375961): Got STH for V1 log (size=0) at http://localhost:8080/testlog, hash e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855
Signature: Hash=SHA256 Sign=ECDSA Value=3045022100b06b9147d6eab9137ce982680f0d53eab5e36f79de685fb552be86a7998c3a0302205a39eb056dd4c6494109018abe33269c6e8631e0c2a0e46aa3e016cdbd8db2a5