Backport of VAULT-28192 fix Agent and Proxy consuming large amounts of CPU for auto-auth self-healing into release/1.17.x

[hc-github-team-secure-vault-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #27518 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/1.17.x.

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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Description

Fixes an issue introduced in 1.17 where CPU usage in Agent and Proxy are extremely high due to the code taking the same path down a select statement repeatedly (in an infinite loop).

Will be backported to 1.17.

Fixes #27505

TODO only if you're a HashiCorp employee

• Labels: If this PR is the CE portion of an ENT change, and that ENT change is
  getting backported to N-2, use the new style backport/ent/x.x.x+ent labels
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  the normal backport/x.x.x label (there should be only 1).
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  of a public function, even if that change is in a CE file, double check that
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  break any tests. Sometimes ENT only tests rely on public functions in CE
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Overview of commits

• 3959722

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