Load Katas package automatically at startup

[rmshaffer]

This PR contains the following changes:

• Adds the IQSharpLoadAutomatically property to each .csproj that will cause IQ# to load the listed packages at initialization time.
• Removes the %package Microsoft.Quantum.Katas and %workspace reload calls from each notebook, since those are no longer necessary with the above change.

To do:

• Ensure CI passes reliably.
• Update to released QDK version.

[tcNickolas]

Sounds good - I'm fine with a minute-long kernel startup time, since I don't imagine the users need to run the notebook and run the cells immediately, I hope they take some time to actually read the tasks :-) But a message like this is going to look pretty bad, especially in the events we're doing in October (for a regular user as well, but getting a message like this during a demo is even worse)

[rmshaffer]

In the PR at microsoft/iqsharp#331, I have changes which should resolve this issue. Specifically, the behavior will be that the kernel reports itself as ready "immediately" (i.e., same as prior behavior). The package load and workspace compilation will then continue in the background.

If the user immediately tries to execute the first cell, it will simply take a while to execute (because it will wait for the all of the initialization to finish first). To the user it just looks like the cell is taking some time to execute - no error message, as Jupyter doesn't apply any timeouts to cell execution.

If the user reads instructions for a while before executing the first cell, then the first cell execution should be fast, just as if today they had already invoked the %package Microsoft.Quantum.Katas and %workspace reload cells.

[tcNickolas]

Sounds reasonable - the user who's going to be typing in the solution and running it right away is most likely to be me, I expect others to take a bit more time :-)

[rmshaffer]

@tcNickolas, I believe this is ready to go now, finally. Please let me know if you have any concerns, or if we can go ahead and merge this!

[tcNickolas]

Can you give a quick summary of what this change ended up being? Also, in some places the new version is 0.12.20100301 and in some 0.12.20092803, can you please unify that?

[rmshaffer]

Can you give a quick summary of what this change ended up being?

I think the PR description is still accurate:

• Adds the IQSharpLoadAutomatically property to each .csproj that will cause IQ# to load the listed packages at initialization time.
• Removes the %package Microsoft.Quantum.Katas and %workspace reload calls from each notebook, since those are no longer necessary with the above change.

At the moment, this PR also includes the QDK version update to 0.12.20100301. If you'd prefer, we can do that separately. PR #494 is ready to go and includes only the QDK version update. We could merge that one first, then follow it up with this one.

Also, in some places the new version is 0.12.20100301 and in some 0.12.20092803, can you please unify that?

Sure, looks like only a couple of comments still referenced 0.12.20092803 - I've updated those.

[tcNickolas]

Looks good, and I did some local validations to verify that things work as expected. Thank you!