Smart Irrigation System - Arduino/Raspberry Pi Code

Overview

This repository contains the Arduino/Raspberry Pi code for a smart irrigation system that monitors soil moisture and temperature in real time. If the soil moisture level falls below a predefined threshold, the system automatically activates a water valve to irrigate the field.

Features

Real-time monitoring of soil moisture and temperature Automatic water valve control based on soil moisture levels Serial communication with an AI assistant for sensor data requests Manual control through serial commands

Hardware Requirements

Microcontroller: Arduino Uno/Nano or Raspberry Pi Sensors: Soil Moisture Sensor (e.g., FC-28, Capacitive Soil Sensor) Temperature Sensor (e.g., DHT11/DHT22 or LM35) (Optional) Water Valve & Relay Module Power Supply for sensors and microcontroller

Installation & Setup

1. Connect the Hardware Soil Moisture Sensor: Connect A0 (Analog Pin) Temperature Sensor: Connect A1 (Analog Pin) (Optional) Relay Module: Connect to Digital Pin 7
2. Upload Code to Arduino Install the Arduino IDE (Download Here) Connect your Arduino to your PC via USB Open smart_irrigation.ino and select the correct COM Port Click Upload
3. Serial Communication Commands The AI assistant or any external program can send the following commands to the microcontroller:

'R' → Request soil moisture and temperature data 'W' → Open the water valve (Start irrigation) 'S' → Close the water valve (Stop irrigation)

Code Explanation

1. Pin Configuration cpp Copy Edit #define moisturePin A0 // Soil moisture sensor #define relayPin 7 // Relay for water valve #define tempPin A1 // Temperature sensor (Optional) Assigns A0 for soil moisture Assigns A1 for temperature sensor (if used) Assigns Pin 7 for relay-controlled water valve
2. Setup Function cpp Copy Edit void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); // Initially keep the valve off } Initializes serial communication Configures relay as an output Ensures the valve is OFF by default
3. Reading Sensor Data cpp Copy Edit if (command == 'R') { // Request for sensor data int moisture = analogRead(moisturePin); float temperature = analogRead(tempPin) * 0.48828125; // Convert to Celsius int moisturePercent = map(moisture, 1023, 0, 0, 100); Serial.print(moisturePercent); Serial.print(","); Serial.println(temperature); } Reads soil moisture and temperature Converts temperature data into Celsius Maps soil moisture from 0-1023 to 0-100% Sends data over serial communication
4. Controlling the Water Valve cpp Copy Edit if (command == 'W') { // Open Water Valve digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW); }

if (command == 'S') { // Stop Water Valve digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH); } 'W' command: Turns ON the water valve 'S' command: Turns OFF the water valve

Future Enhancements

✅ Integrate AI assistant for real-time voice-based irrigation control ✅ Wi-Fi connectivity for remote monitoring (ESP8266/ESP32) ✅ Cloud dashboard for historical data visualization