process: validate debugPort strictly before narrowing

[Archkon]

Validate process.debugPort before extracting and narrowing its value. This prevents invalid inputs from changing the configured port and stops large integers from wrapping during 32-bit conversion.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.31%. Comparing base (73236f3) to head (3023150).
⚠️ Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #65134      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.31%   90.31%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         759      759              
  Lines      248295   248298       +3     
  Branches    46863    46862       -1     
==========================================
+ Hits       224242   224244       +2     
- Misses      15460    15470      +10     
+ Partials     8593     8584       -9     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_process_object.cc	86.06% <100.00%> (+0.35%)	⬆️

... and 33 files with indirect coverage changes

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