Cover common isinstance calling patterns with some overloads

[jonathandung]

Closes #15844.

[github-actions]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

mypy (https://github.com/python/mypy)
+ mypy/types.py:4277: error: Argument 2 to "isinstance" has incompatible type "tuple[type[TypeAliasType], type[UnionType]]"; expected "type[Never] | tuple[type[Never]]"  [arg-type]
+ mypy/types.py:4277: note: Error code "arg-type" not covered by "type: ignore[misc]" comment
+ mypy/memprofile.py:39: error: Argument 2 to "isinstance" has incompatible type "tuple[type[Node], type[Type]]"; expected "type[Never] | tuple[type[Never]]"  [arg-type]
+ mypy/memprofile.py:39: note: Error code "arg-type" not covered by "type: ignore[misc]" comment

artigraph (https://github.com/artigraph/artigraph)
- src/arti/internal/type_hints.py:139: error: Argument 2 has incompatible type "type[T@get_item_from_annotated]"; expected "T@lenient_issubclass"  [arg-type]
+ src/arti/internal/type_hints.py:139: error: Cannot call function of unknown type  [operator]

pydantic (https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic)
+ pydantic/_internal/_typing_extra.py:192: error: Argument 2 to "isinstance" has incompatible type "tuple[type[GenericAlias], Any]"; expected "type[Never] | tuple[type[Never]]"  [arg-type]

sphinx (https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx)
+ sphinx/util/inspect.py: note: In function "isgenericalias":
+ sphinx/util/inspect.py:451:28: error: Argument 2 to "isinstance" has incompatible type "tuple[type[GenericAlias], Any]"; expected "type[Never] | tuple[type[Never]]"  [arg-type]
+ sphinx/util/inspect.py:451:28: note: Error code "arg-type" not covered by "type: ignore[attr-defined]" comment

mongo-python-driver (https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-python-driver)
+ pymongo/synchronous/pool.py:381: error: No overload variant of "isinstance" matches argument types "MutableMapping[str, Any]", "Sequence[type[Any]]"  [call-overload]
+ pymongo/synchronous/pool.py:381: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore[arg-type]" comment
+ pymongo/synchronous/pool.py:381: note: Possible overload variants:
+ pymongo/synchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def [_T] isinstance(object, type[_T] | tuple[type[_T]], /) -> TypeIs[_T]
+ pymongo/synchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def [_T, _T1] isinstance(object, tuple[type[_T], type[_T1]], /) -> TypeIs[_T | _T1]
+ pymongo/synchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def [_T, _T1, _T2] isinstance(object, tuple[type[_T], type[_T1], type[_T2]], /) -> TypeIs[_T | _T1 | _T2]
+ pymongo/synchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def [_T, _T1, _T2, _T3] isinstance(object, tuple[type[_T], type[_T1], type[_T2], type[_T3]], /) -> TypeIs[_T | _T1 | _T2 | _T3]
+ pymongo/synchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def [_T, _T1, _T2, _T3, _T4] isinstance(object, tuple[type[_T], type[_T1], type[_T2], type[_T3], type[_T4]], /) -> TypeIs[_T | _T1 | _T2 | _T3 | _T4]
+ pymongo/synchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def [_T, _T1, _T2, _T3, _T4, _T5] isinstance(object, tuple[type[_T], type[_T1], type[_T2], type[_T3], type[_T4], type[_T5]], /) -> TypeIs[_T | _T1 | _T2 | _T3 | _T4 | _T5]
+ pymongo/synchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def isinstance(object, _ClassInfo, /) -> bool
+ pymongo/asynchronous/pool.py:381: error: No overload variant of "isinstance" matches argument types "MutableMapping[str, Any]", "Sequence[type[Any]]"  [call-overload]
+ pymongo/asynchronous/pool.py:381: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore[arg-type]" comment
+ pymongo/asynchronous/pool.py:381: note: Possible overload variants:
+ pymongo/asynchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def [_T] isinstance(object, type[_T] | tuple[type[_T]], /) -> TypeIs[_T]
+ pymongo/asynchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def [_T, _T1] isinstance(object, tuple[type[_T], type[_T1]], /) -> TypeIs[_T | _T1]
+ pymongo/asynchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def [_T, _T1, _T2] isinstance(object, tuple[type[_T], type[_T1], type[_T2]], /) -> TypeIs[_T | _T1 | _T2]
+ pymongo/asynchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def [_T, _T1, _T2, _T3] isinstance(object, tuple[type[_T], type[_T1], type[_T2], type[_T3]], /) -> TypeIs[_T | _T1 | _T2 | _T3]
+ pymongo/asynchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def [_T, _T1, _T2, _T3, _T4] isinstance(object, tuple[type[_T], type[_T1], type[_T2], type[_T3], type[_T4]], /) -> TypeIs[_T | _T1 | _T2 | _T3 | _T4]
+ pymongo/asynchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def [_T, _T1, _T2, _T3, _T4, _T5] isinstance(object, tuple[type[_T], type[_T1], type[_T2], type[_T3], type[_T4], type[_T5]], /) -> TypeIs[_T | _T1 | _T2 | _T3 | _T4 | _T5]
+ pymongo/asynchronous/pool.py:381: note:     def isinstance(object, _ClassInfo, /) -> bool