Unify Particle Attachment

[BMagnu]

A followup to #6465.
Note: This is not a behavioural change wrt. to 24.2, but it is a small change to current nightly. As such, it'd be great to include it in 25.0 as to avoid needing a flag to guard the behaviour change.

The main change, apart from a few tiny bugfixes, is that this PR will properly "parent" particle sources to things.
For example, impact spew and other similar particles were just anchored in space, rather than at the ship that was spewing. This has multiple detrimental effects:

1. Modular curves don't have access to the ship data
2. If your particle source has a lifetime > 0, your particles are in the wrong place as the emitting ship will have moved (this also applies to rotating submodels, which'll now be accounted for when a spawner is attached to one)
3. You cannot parent the particle to the ship itself (glowing hull blobs as currently used in the MVPS for impact flashes of beams for example would greatly benefit from this).

Additionally, some particle sources that could not be parented (for example because the parent is dying) are being supplied the radius of the ship manually to allow access from modular curves.

Furthermore, modular curves are now supplied "trigger radius" and "trigger velocity".
This means, for example on weapon impact, a modder has access to both the velocity and radius of the particle host (the ship being hit), and the velocity and radius of the triggering object (in this case, the weapons radius and velocity) in modular curves.

[wookieejedi]

Tests with new and existing features all work as expected. Also, highly useful features that further enhance the options for particle creation.

[Goober5000]

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