fix(builders): skip Node.js builtins in esbuild alias fallback by VaguelySerious · Pull Request #1645 · vercel/workflow

VaguelySerious · 2026-04-07T20:25:59Z

Summary

PR fix(builders): resolve path aliases when externalizing non-step imports #1613 added an esbuild fallback for resolving path aliases when enhanced-resolve fails
Node.js builtins (crypto, node:path, etc.) also fail enhanced-resolve, and esbuild resolves them to absolute paths outside node_modules
The isProjectLocalFile check then incorrectly treats them as project files and relativizes them (e.g. ../../../../../../crypto), breaking Next.js webpack builds

Fix: Check isBuiltin(specifier) before falling through to the esbuild resolver so builtins stay as bare specifiers.

Test plan

Added test: "keeps Node.js builtins as bare specifiers when enhanced-resolve fails"
All existing builder tests pass (19/19)
Verify agents/apps/vade-review builds successfully with this fix

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

PR #1613 added an esbuild fallback for resolving path aliases when enhanced-resolve fails. However, Node.js builtins like `crypto` and `node:path` also fail enhanced-resolve, and esbuild resolves them to absolute paths outside node_modules. The `isProjectLocalFile` check then incorrectly relativizes them (e.g. `../../../../../../crypto`), breaking Next.js builds. Fix: check `isBuiltin(specifier)` before falling through to the esbuild resolver, so builtins are left as bare specifiers. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

vercel · 2026-04-07T20:26:03Z

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 7, 2026 8:28pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 7, 2026 8:28pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 7, 2026 8:28pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 7, 2026 8:28pm
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workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 7, 2026 8:28pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 7, 2026 8:28pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 7, 2026 8:28pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 7, 2026 8:28pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 7, 2026 8:28pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 7, 2026 8:28pm

changeset-bot · 2026-04-07T20:26:05Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 6ae59ca

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

github-actions · 2026-04-07T20:26:09Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	879	0	67	946
✅ 💻 Local Development	854	0	178	1032
✅ 📦 Local Production	854	0	178	1032
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	854	0	178	1032
✅ 🪟 Windows	78	0	8	86
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	16	60	8	84
✅ 📋 Other	216	0	42	258
Total	3751	60	659	4470

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb-dev (1 failed):

dev e2e should rebuild on imported step dependency change

redis-dev (1 failed):

dev e2e should rebuild on imported step dependency change

turso-dev (1 failed):

dev e2e should rebuild on imported step dependency change

turso (57 failed):

addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT222BNX7Q0QWAV4PS9HEV
addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT222BNX7Q0QWAV4PS9HEV
wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNMT4GT8YG9KYJG2315P63T6
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT28K6AJHPCZQPNFAWYS0Q
promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT2CY2GNDENZ276992B22F
promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT2F1H3Y5T34W0R52P6V9G
importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT4T0M03GVV0FB4J2C6WEV
hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT2V1BNPZN2YQ089T4MW0Q
hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNMT36FAHA84AV7FBZC1STFV
webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT3F464X7PFY6P26H0XGFK
sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT3QSBKZGQJVR2T0VC366P
parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT43Z2NGTHPT3247PGVR8T
nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT47Q2WMHFJD4W2DYH55W8
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT49S9QP4QZW8H333JAWY9
fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT75RVB8CXDBZ22VZFK5AZ
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNMT79577Z1G2GHB4CNT2VRQ
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNMTAQ9R2ZZZDMPWRXDA1X85
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNMTBBRQAYSRBPBSAGEXKGZV
hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNMTC0E7Y1ME17BND51NGDCR
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNMTCN9G9TR99M0MMTJTDRD6
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNMTCY40V5E4G1RQKM1RC4SA
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNMTD3P8CCD46CWNG9QTTQNK
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNMTD5RMXM21AP6DNZ0JZ0ZJ
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNMTDMWMHPVYN4232WQ4F1G2
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNMTDT9YBGTRQW8XVNZQR0PN
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNMTE0V23PHDS5QRWF4PHB6Q
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNMTE7G4WKK30R7Z7YZVDDKK
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNMTEDYWE98TGA75V19R0RK6
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNMTEN8YJ6XPEKYPDTKV11CD
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNMTEWBCEN9EJS4XNH50QPSW
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNMTF7P630JXPJ2K8282HPR6
stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNMTFFHRM5J3QC3DF89YHSK8
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNMTFP9SPHY3EACX0ZV4VDR9
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNMTFZ97ZJCD5J2F3YN90SNX
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNMTGBHZJXWP76R53JASDAHV
sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNMTGZRWXMF4E77BJ3NTEXDY
sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNMTH9TQTADV6T95KJH34TPR
importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNMTHGARE4CXWBP10RT5D44B
metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNMTHJBTF931YGA429QY07JD
resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KNMTHMCWJ3D9W9EQ97SDT9VN

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	79	7
✅ example	79	7
✅ express	79	7
✅ fastify	79	7
✅ hono	79	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	84	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	84	2
✅ nitro	79	7
✅ nuxt	79	7
✅ sveltekit	79	7
✅ vite	79	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	72	14
✅ express-stable	72	14
✅ fastify-stable	72	14
✅ hono-stable	72	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	61	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	78	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	61	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	78	8
✅ nitro-stable	72	14
✅ nuxt-stable	72	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	72	14
✅ vite-stable	72	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	72	14
✅ express-stable	72	14
✅ fastify-stable	72	14
✅ hono-stable	72	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	61	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	78	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	61	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	78	8
✅ nitro-stable	72	14
✅ nuxt-stable	72	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	72	14
✅ vite-stable	72	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	72	14
✅ express-stable	72	14
✅ fastify-stable	72	14
✅ hono-stable	72	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	61	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	78	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	61	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	78	8
✅ nitro-stable	72	14
✅ nuxt-stable	72	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	72	14
✅ vite-stable	72	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	78	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ mongodb-dev	4	1	0
❌ redis-dev	4	1	0
❌ turso-dev	4	1	0
❌ turso	4	57	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	72	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	72	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	72	14

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-04-07T20:26:09Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-1.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-4.1%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.005s	0.960s	10	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.010s	0.954s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.056s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.955s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.061s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.949s	10	1.46x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.225s (-17.2% 🟢)	1.833s (-26.2% 🟢)	1.609s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.238s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.071s (-20.5% 🟢)	1.833s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s	2.005s	0.888s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.126s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.880s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.130s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.876s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.135s	2.009s	0.874s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.863s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.151s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.859s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.918s (~)	3.227s (-13.8% 🟢)	1.309s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.980s (+3.2%)	3.313s (-14.8% 🟢)	1.333s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.795s	11.022s	0.228s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.831s	11.020s	0.189s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.922s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.100s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.931s (~)	11.027s (~)	0.095s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.932s (-0.7%)	11.024s (-2.9%)	0.092s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.965s (+0.6%)	11.023s (~)	0.058s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.128s (+1.3%)	18.924s (~)	1.795s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	17.177s (+1.1%)	18.608s (-1.9%)	1.430s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.439s	15.024s	0.585s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.597s	15.029s	0.432s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.602s (~)	15.022s (~)	0.420s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.665s (~)	15.028s (~)	0.363s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.945s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.085s	4	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.996s (~)	15.279s (-3.2%)	0.283s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	32.103s (+4.7%)	33.977s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.873s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	32.500s (+5.0% 🔺)	33.640s (+2.5%)	1.140s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.834s	14.018s	0.184s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.079s (~)	14.739s (~)	0.660s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.163s (+0.6%)	15.023s (+1.0%)	0.860s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.818s	16.027s	0.209s	6	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	16.512s (~)	17.200s (+1.0%)	0.689s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.751s (-1.4%)	17.031s (-1.9%)	0.280s	6	1.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	53.023s (-2.4%)	54.470s (-2.6%)	1.447s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	57.175s (+3.8%)	58.541s (+2.2%)	1.366s	2	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.227s	2.009s	0.782s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.250s (-1.1%)	2.009s (~)	0.760s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.266s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.744s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.500s	2.005s	0.505s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.533s (-1.6%)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.472s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.548s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.458s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.052s (-13.1% 🟢)	3.423s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.370s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.109s (-15.0% 🟢)	3.709s (-16.1% 🟢)	1.599s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.340s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.669s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.379s	3.010s	0.631s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.395s (+2.0%)	3.008s (~)	0.613s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.652s	3.107s	0.456s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	3.025s (+6.7% 🔺)	3.676s (+18.3% 🔺)	0.652s	9	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.174s (+0.6%)	3.887s (-3.1%)	0.713s	8	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.593s (+1.2%)	3.947s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.354s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.896s (+6.7% 🔺)	4.359s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.463s	7	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.481s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.529s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.487s (+0.6%)	4.018s (~)	0.531s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.642s	4.009s	0.367s	8	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.621s	8.266s	0.645s	4	2.19x
💻 Local	Express	7.681s (-5.1% 🟢)	8.020s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.339s	4	2.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.533s (-4.6%)	9.276s (~)	0.743s	4	2.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.580s (-20.8% 🟢)	4.236s (-17.3% 🟢)	1.655s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.806s (-5.2% 🟢)	4.319s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.513s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.212s	2.009s	0.797s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.263s (+1.0%)	2.008s (~)	0.745s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.264s (+1.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.743s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.480s	2.005s	0.525s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.524s (+1.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.482s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.581s (+0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.426s	15	1.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.189s (+4.9%)	3.558s (-4.1%)	1.369s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.509s (+18.1% 🔺)	4.123s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.614s	8	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.325s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.685s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.336s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.674s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.361s	3.009s	0.647s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.839s	3.342s	0.502s	9	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	2.911s (-17.5% 🟢)	3.342s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.431s	9	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.089s (-1.8%)	3.885s (-3.1%)	0.796s	8	1.33x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.523s (~)	4.051s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.527s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.318s (+31.2% 🔺)	4.704s (+1.9%)	1.385s	7	1.32x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.457s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.555s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.480s (+0.7%)	4.011s (~)	0.531s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.615s	4.012s	0.397s	8	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.513s	8.020s	0.507s	4	2.17x
💻 Local	Express	7.978s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.275s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.297s	4	2.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.097s (-2.2%)	9.275s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.178s	4	2.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.006s (+4.4%)	4.575s (-1.3%)	1.569s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.160s (+2.7%)	4.511s (-2.2%)	1.350s	7	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.762s	1.006s	0.244s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.817s	1.004s	0.187s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.830s (-6.9% 🟢)	1.008s (-4.8%)	0.179s	60	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.837s (-0.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.170s	60	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.990s (-2.5%)	1.181s (-34.4% 🟢)	0.191s	51	1.30x
💻 Local	Express	1.008s (+3.5%)	1.627s (+45.9% 🔺)	0.619s	37	1.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	9.581s (+5.3% 🔺)	11.145s (~)	1.564s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	9.949s (+5.6% 🔺)	11.274s (-1.2%)	1.325s	6	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.869s	2.052s	0.183s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.004s (+1.5%)	2.507s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.503s	36	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.051s (+1.0%)	2.797s (-0.9%)	0.745s	33	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.596s	3.007s	0.412s	30	1.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.041s (-1.5%)	3.729s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.688s	25	1.63x
💻 Local	Express	3.212s (+8.0% 🔺)	3.649s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.437s	25	1.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	27.888s (-7.2% 🟢)	30.009s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.121s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	27.906s (-3.1%)	29.245s (-4.2%)	1.339s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.857s	4.147s	0.291s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.108s (+0.8%)	4.931s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.823s	25	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.112s (-1.5%)	4.931s (-1.6%)	0.819s	25	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.408s	9.017s	0.609s	14	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	8.856s (-2.3%)	9.248s (-3.2%)	0.392s	13	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.250s (-1.9%)	10.019s (~)	0.769s	12	2.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	74.150s (-1.1%)	75.702s (-1.2%)	1.551s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	79.461s (+7.3% 🔺)	80.831s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.370s	2	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.256s	1.007s	0.751s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.279s (+0.7%)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (-1.9%)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.541s	1.004s	0.463s	60	2.11x
💻 Local	Express	0.573s (-3.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.432s	60	2.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.587s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.418s	60	2.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.475s (-24.7% 🟢)	2.833s (-34.8% 🟢)	1.357s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.590s (+8.6% 🔺)	3.170s (-1.8%)	1.580s	19	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.485s	1.018s	0.533s	89	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.492s (+1.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.514s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.505s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.502s	90	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	2.362s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.009s (~)	0.646s	30	4.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.511s	3.009s	0.497s	30	5.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.542s (-2.0%)	3.010s (~)	0.467s	30	5.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.496s (-8.6% 🟢)	4.155s (-8.4% 🟢)	1.658s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.829s (+1.4%)	4.337s (-8.4% 🟢)	1.508s	21	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.756s	1.006s	0.250s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.787s (-1.9%)	1.008s (~)	0.221s	120	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.790s (-1.3%)	1.016s (~)	0.226s	119	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	10.408s (-5.7% 🟢)	11.027s (-4.0%)	0.619s	11	13.77x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.582s	11.205s	0.623s	11	14.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.297s (-2.2%)	11.939s (-0.8%)	0.642s	11	14.94x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.845s (+4.3%)	8.238s (-1.5%)	1.393s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.644s (+26.8% 🔺)	9.128s (+17.9% 🔺)	1.483s	15	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.164s	1.003s	0.011s	1.017s	0.853s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.185s	1.000s	0.001s	1.010s	0.825s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.203s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.018s (~)	0.815s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.205s (+1.0%)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.805s	10	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.995s (~)	0.001s (-35.3% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.792s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	0.224s (+11.8% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.792s	10	1.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.518s (-12.4% 🟢)	2.956s (+9.5% 🔺)	0.368s (-42.0% 🟢)	3.675s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.156s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.586s (-37.8% 🟢)	2.962s (-27.4% 🟢)	0.348s (+35.8% 🔺)	3.673s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.087s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.600s	1.009s	0.005s	1.023s	0.423s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.622s (+1.0%)	1.002s (~)	0.004s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.399s	59	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.624s (-4.5%)	1.002s (~)	0.004s (-25.0% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.398s	59	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.636s	1.012s	0.009s	1.023s	0.388s	59	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.765s (-5.0%)	1.012s (~)	0.009s (-10.9% 🟢)	1.022s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.257s	59	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.824s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.010s (-3.4%)	1.116s (+9.0% 🔺)	0.292s	54	1.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.084s (-5.6% 🟢)	5.425s (-9.4% 🟢)	0.314s (+8.5% 🔺)	6.059s (-9.6% 🟢)	1.975s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.390s (+16.9% 🔺)	5.606s (+4.7%)	0.744s (+167.3% 🔺)	6.744s (+11.4% 🔺)	2.354s	9	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.902s	1.074s	0.000s	1.091s	0.189s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.937s (-1.4%)	1.102s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-25.7% 🟢)	1.115s (-5.8% 🟢)	0.178s	56	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.957s (+1.2%)	1.246s (+2.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.258s (+2.0%)	0.300s	48	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.230s	2.019s	0.000s	2.022s	0.793s	30	1.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.238s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.786s	30	1.37x
💻 Local	Express	1.242s (-11.5% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.000s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.025s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.782s	30	1.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.791s (+10.1% 🔺)	4.065s (+4.8%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	4.416s (-1.8%)	1.625s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.825s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.733s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.000s (-13.3% 🟢)	4.168s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.343s	15	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.742s (~)	2.141s (+3.5%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.165s (+2.6%)	0.422s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.779s (+2.0%)	2.102s (~)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.114s (~)	0.335s	29	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.832s	2.181s	0.000s	2.188s	0.356s	28	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.509s	4.032s	0.001s	4.036s	0.527s	15	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.528s (-5.4% 🟢)	4.097s (~)	0.001s (+71.4% 🔺)	4.100s (~)	0.572s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Express	3.536s (+3.1%)	4.034s (+1.6%)	0.001s (+20.0% 🔺)	4.037s (+1.6%)	0.501s	15	2.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.784s (-9.4% 🟢)	5.071s (-9.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.402s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.617s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.285s (+41.6% 🔺)	6.549s (+33.0% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.209s (+35.3% 🔺)	1.924s	9	1.40x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	18/21
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	16/21
▲ Vercel	Express	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	16/21

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

Local: success
Postgres: success
Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

VaguelySerious requested a review from a team as a code owner April 7, 2026 20:26

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VaguelySerious closed this Apr 7, 2026

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VaguelySerious commented Apr 7, 2026

Summary

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🧪 E2E Test Results

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❌ Failed Tests

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📊 Benchmark Results

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

Summary

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