Use pull_request_target for backport workflow to support fork PRs by TooTallNate · Pull Request #1731 · vercel/workflow

TooTallNate · 2026-04-14T18:55:35Z

Summary

Fix backport workflow failing on PRs from external contributors (forks), e.g. https://github.com/vercel/workflow/actions/runs/24410087349/job/71304128891
The pull_request event doesn't expose repository secrets for fork PRs, causing the Generate GitHub App Token step to fail with Input required and not supplied: app-id
Switch to pull_request_target which runs in the context of the base repository and has access to secrets

This is safe because:

We only trigger on closed (merged) and labeled events, meaning the PR was already approved by maintainers
We cherry-pick the merge commit from main, never checking out or executing fork code

Signed-off-by: Nathan Rajlich <n@n8.io>

vercel · 2026-04-14T18:55:40Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 7:14pm

changeset-bot · 2026-04-14T18:55:42Z

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 666b608

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github-actions · 2026-04-14T18:55:46Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	921	2	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	835	0	155	990
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🪟 Windows	82	0	8	90
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	3995	76	660	4731

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

astro (1 failed):

readableStreamWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PHZJ0XS7HB113MCHMBVW9 | 🔍 observability

express (1 failed):

DurableAgent e2e onFinish fires constructor + stream callbacks in order with event data

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP6PJNMRDPCJBWFA53FCW9T0
webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PJYGBTC2GNABHX58TZVS7
fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PPHB0QGT85MB3YS5EJMGB
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP6PTW7Z7JD8QMRP56Z67HWS
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP6Q1PBC77JTHA3CHV1GM1DQ

redis (7 failed):

hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP6PJNMRDPCJBWFA53FCW9T0
webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PJYGBTC2GNABHX58TZVS7
fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PPHB0QGT85MB3YS5EJMGB
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP6PTW7Z7JD8QMRP56Z67HWS
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP6Q1PBC77JTHA3CHV1GM1DQ

turso (60 failed):

addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PHGEVYKEN0ZNQC23RM21B
addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PHGEVYKEN0ZNQC23RM21B
wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP6PJFTVZGX6MDPEKFB2H7N4
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PHPZB06YFMN96M0A2XQFH
promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PHT84S811Y1BXY8EBM0KY
promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PHXGY75F6TDC5TSMKJKQS
importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PJV0GRMTZP4ZRSWK4HHN4
hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PJ9DB1JBZFWC3GJK1KEZ2
hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP6PJNMRDPCJBWFA53FCW9T0
webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PJYGBTC2GNABHX58TZVS7
sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PK5D70F9XA6FKQ06KHEF2
parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PKJJTVC72WM8FQ8PY421C
nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PKNTEFQ8HQG65H2PVQD01
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PKQX9R6TWNHS5B6192EPX
fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PPHB0QGT85MB3YS5EJMGB
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP6PPMP0G24XVP3HHNFQ6846
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP6PT7RRQZ06G2GWEV1P2XEC
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP6PTW7Z7JD8QMRP56Z67HWS
hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP6PVHDFHAZJ6REGDKP1KT0Y
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP6PW53BWNWJ6V3AX620YYT2
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP6PWF80CDFD8WK631D1252Q
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP6PWMP2KSPEX7VQ3DPXN2EP
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP6PWPSYWTHGP2S1Y9P2N0G6
runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP6PX1WYZ77W52YBDQYK139G
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP6PXGHK5G3ZSJSMKRYA2M2Q
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP6PXP244JNRBBV5JGFKP8Q3
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP6PXWPYRWPD53EH3WJWDMYB
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP6PY3AC9RQWYYD9KPJWA4JY
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP6PY9WDS5A5TWJBKP23T18S
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP6PYHP4R1GYYC0MCD0Z80AB
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP6PYRFHEZ3A472TRHSVE6NJ
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP6PZ3GG50J0TH2B0KC9W043
stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP6PZCEW5NVRKJCBB1Z4ZJ88
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP6PZKHVRGTJ40JW9KGGK3ZY
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP6PZWRAAAXK38N1GD829XMA
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP6Q0AZVDXMV3MGMDDMFXWBP
sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP6Q0ZMJW0JK2S2AHF15TYRX
sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP6Q1A2H8P942QHB9VT0SNQE
importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP6Q1HW1Z30FPH3K5D40P3FA
metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP6Q1M8FWNYVENHX6JJPFJGJ
resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP6Q1PBC77JTHA3CHV1GM1DQ
getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP6Q1V57JCWYTN7NC1YHMHD0

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ astro	82	1	7
✅ example	83	0	7
❌ express	82	1	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	14
✅ express-stable	76	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	14
✅ hono-stable	76	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	14
✅ vite-stable	76	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	14
✅ express-stable	76	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	14
✅ hono-stable	76	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	14
✅ vite-stable	76	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	14
✅ express-stable	76	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	14
✅ hono-stable	76	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	14
✅ vite-stable	76	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	14

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

Vercel Prod: failure
Local Dev: success
Local Prod: failure
Local Postgres: success
Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

github-actions · 2026-04-14T18:55:48Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.041s (+11.8% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.044s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.948s	10	1.53x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.946s	10	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.312s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.624s (+45.7% 🔺)	2.312s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.874s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (+3.4%)	2.005s (~)	0.871s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.141s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.870s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.142s (-0.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.869s	10	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.929s (-2.7%)	3.687s (-4.6%)	1.758s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.880s (~)	11.026s (~)	0.146s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.918s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.105s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.919s (+2.7%)	11.024s (~)	0.105s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.962s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.059s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.911s (+1.1%)	19.449s (-3.8%)	1.538s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.511s (~)	15.024s (~)	0.513s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.594s (~)	15.021s (~)	0.428s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.974s (+5.1% 🔺)	15.030s (~)	0.056s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.045s (~)	15.531s (+3.3%)	0.486s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.953s (-7.8% 🟢)	34.575s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.623s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.881s (-0.5%)	14.024s (-2.0%)	0.143s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.069s (~)	14.881s (+1.0%)	0.812s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	16.678s (+10.9% 🔺)	17.031s (+9.7% 🔺)	0.353s	6	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.890s (+0.9%)	17.031s (~)	0.141s	6	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	54.390s (~)	56.218s (~)	1.828s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.270s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.739s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.279s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.730s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.516s (+5.2% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.490s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.549s (+1.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.457s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.008s (+11.9% 🔺)	4.633s (+4.0%)	1.625s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.334s (-0.6%)	3.010s (~)	0.676s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.366s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.644s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	2.930s (+13.7% 🔺)	3.342s (+11.1% 🔺)	0.411s	9	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.046s (+2.8%)	3.886s (+3.4%)	0.840s	8	1.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.829s (+7.4% 🔺)	4.205s (-4.4%)	1.375s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.452s (-1.2%)	4.010s (~)	0.558s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.466s (-0.6%)	4.011s (~)	0.545s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	7.430s (+10.6% 🔺)	8.024s (+14.4% 🔺)	0.594s	4	2.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.707s (+4.0%)	9.021s (~)	0.315s	4	2.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.176s (+1.5%)	4.731s (-4.0%)	1.555s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.250s (-1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.758s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.266s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.744s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.507s (+2.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.498s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.669s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.008s (~)	0.339s	15	1.33x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.358s (+2.5%)	4.097s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.739s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.337s (-1.1%)	3.011s (~)	0.674s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.341s (-0.9%)	3.011s (~)	0.670s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.897s (-2.5%)	3.008s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.111s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.274s (+5.7% 🔺)	4.010s (~)	0.736s	8	1.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.852s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.245s (-3.3%)	1.393s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.458s (-1.2%)	4.009s (~)	0.552s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.482s (-0.7%)	4.012s (~)	0.530s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	8.053s (~)	8.522s (-2.8%)	0.470s	4	2.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.170s (-1.8%)	10.025s (~)	0.855s	3	2.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.365s (+4.6%)	5.282s (+3.2%)	1.917s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.810s (-3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.196s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.834s (~)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.190s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.019s (+45.4% 🔺)	1.720s (+71.3% 🔺)	0.701s	35	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.022s (+3.3%)	1.942s (+54.7% 🔺)	0.920s	31	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	9.807s (+1.4%)	12.119s (+4.9%)	2.312s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.897s (-3.4%)	2.052s (-7.8% 🟢)	0.155s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.963s (+1.3%)	2.227s (-1.1%)	0.264s	41	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.032s (+24.2% 🔺)	3.729s (+17.3% 🔺)	0.697s	25	1.60x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.080s (+2.0%)	3.967s (+10.6% 🔺)	0.886s	23	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.385s (+8.8% 🔺)	32.634s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.249s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.835s (-4.7%)	4.042s (-9.3% 🟢)	0.208s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.950s (+1.5%)	4.367s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.417s	28	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	8.962s (+22.7% 🔺)	9.401s (+18.2% 🔺)	0.439s	13	2.34x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.297s (+0.5%)	10.019s (~)	0.722s	12	2.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	77.811s (+9.6% 🔺)	80.081s (+8.7% 🔺)	2.270s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.278s (-1.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.728s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.279s (+1.2%)	1.007s (~)	0.728s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.570s (-2.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.434s	60	2.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.609s (+4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.396s	60	2.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.475s (+2.3%)	3.013s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.538s	20	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.477s (-4.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.529s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.488s (-2.9%)	1.007s (~)	0.518s	90	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	2.406s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.602s	30	5.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.572s (+3.9%)	3.010s (~)	0.438s	30	5.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	155.180s (+5818.8% 🔺)	157.148s (+3407.1% 🔺)	1.968s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.782s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.226s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.794s (~)	1.016s (+0.8%)	0.222s	119	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.418s (+4.1%)	11.031s (+3.2%)	0.613s	11	13.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.118s (~)	11.757s (-0.7%)	0.639s	11	14.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.002s (+21.3% 🔺)	10.146s (+17.7% 🔺)	2.144s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.201s (-2.9%)	0.998s (~)	0.001s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.809s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.208s (+2.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.013s (+5.0% 🔺)	1.019s (~)	0.811s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	0.210s (+50.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.016s (~)	0.806s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.231s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.999s (~)	0.001s (-7.7% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.781s	10	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

No data available

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.601s (-2.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.004s (+1.8%)	1.021s (~)	0.420s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.607s (~)	1.003s (~)	0.004s (-17.1% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.414s	59	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.732s (+0.7%)	1.012s (~)	0.010s (-1.2%)	1.024s (~)	0.292s	59	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	0.840s (+50.5% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.008s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.115s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.275s	54	1.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.378s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.667s (-4.3%)	0.231s (-15.6% 🟢)	6.537s (-1.7%)	2.159s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.952s (-2.8%)	1.086s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.5% 🟢)	1.097s (-9.9% 🟢)	0.144s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.965s (+2.0%)	1.265s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.000s (+77.1% 🔺)	1.279s (+8.0% 🔺)	0.314s	48	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.218s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.000s (+37.5% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.805s	30	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.267s (+2.3%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (+50.0% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.757s	30	1.33x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.541s (+35.1% 🔺)	5.030s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.001s (-53.0% 🟢)	5.482s (+26.9% 🔺)	1.941s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.742s (-2.1%)	2.099s (-1.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.121s (-1.2%)	0.379s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.746s (-0.9%)	2.180s (+3.9%)	0.000s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.232s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.486s	27	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.290s (~)	4.033s (+3.2%)	0.000s (-41.8% 🟢)	4.036s (+3.2%)	0.746s	15	1.89x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.689s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.167s (+1.6%)	0.001s (-14.3% 🟢)	4.171s (+1.6%)	0.482s	15	2.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.221s (~)	5.478s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.918s (-6.1% 🟢)	1.697s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	17/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	12/21
▲ Vercel	Express	20/20

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

Local: success
Postgres: success
Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

Copilot

Pull request overview

Updates the backport automation workflow to work for pull requests opened from forks by running in the base repository context (so required secrets are available), while still only executing after merge + labeling.

Changes:

Switch GitHub Actions trigger from pull_request to pull_request_target for the backport workflow.

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

Signed-off-by: Nathan Rajlich <n@n8.io>

) * Use pull_request_target for backport workflow to support fork PRs Signed-off-by: Nathan Rajlich <n@n8.io> * Reduce GITHUB_TOKEN permissions to read-only Signed-off-by: Nathan Rajlich <n@n8.io> --------- Signed-off-by: Nathan Rajlich <n@n8.io>

Use pull_request_target for backport workflow to support fork PRs

ecd2676

Signed-off-by: Nathan Rajlich <n@n8.io>

Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings April 14, 2026 18:55

TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code owner April 14, 2026 18:55

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Comment thread .github/workflows/backport.yml

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VaguelySerious approved these changes Apr 14, 2026

View reviewed changes

Comment thread .github/workflows/backport.yml

Reduce GITHUB_TOKEN permissions to read-only

666b608

Signed-off-by: Nathan Rajlich <n@n8.io>

TooTallNate merged commit 886dbc4 into main Apr 14, 2026
72 of 89 checks passed

TooTallNate deleted the nate/fix-backport-fork-prs branch April 14, 2026 19:11

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Summary

❌ Failed Tests

Details by Category

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📊 Benchmark Results

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

Summary

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