feat(vortex-geo): ST_Distance via the geo crate + Polygon type

[HarukiMoriarty]

Summary

1. offload the math to geo: unification, one distance (and remaining geo functions) implementation, replace the hand-roll kernel.
2. support polygon: as a second native type riding that same path
3. all geometry decode goes through Arrow/geoarrow

The performance decreased (5.6ms -> 12ms on Q1) compared with the old direct-coordinate kernel, it is a tradeoff for one unified, general decode path. The cost is the intermediate allocation/enumeration, not the math itself. Type-specialized fast paths (e.g. point-point straight off the coordinate struct) can recover it later without changing the API.

Testing

4 distance behavior tests through geo crate, and tests for polygon type.

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will not alter performance

⚠️ Unknown Walltime execution environment detected

Using the Walltime instrument on standard Hosted Runners will lead to inconsistent data.

For the most accurate results, we recommend using CodSpeed Macro Runners: bare-metal machines fine-tuned for performance measurement consistency.

⚡ 11 improved benchmarks
❌ 7 regressed benchmarks
✅ 1563 untouched benchmarks

Warning

Please fix the performance issues or acknowledge them on CodSpeed.

Performance Changes

	Mode	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
❌	Simulation	decompress_rd[f64, (10000, 0.01)]	108.9 µs	138.9 µs	-21.64%
❌	Simulation	decompress_rd[f64, (10000, 0.1)]	109.2 µs	139.3 µs	-21.62%
❌	Simulation	decompress_rd[f64, (10000, 0.0)]	108.9 µs	138.9 µs	-21.61%
❌	Simulation	decompress_rd[f32, (100000, 0.0)]	496.1 µs	583.7 µs	-15.01%
❌	Simulation	decompress_rd[f32, (10000, 0.01)]	78.2 µs	90.6 µs	-13.64%
❌	Simulation	decompress_rd[f32, (10000, 0.1)]	78.2 µs	90.6 µs	-13.64%
❌	Simulation	decompress_rd[f32, (10000, 0.0)]	78.7 µs	91 µs	-13.6%
⚡	Simulation	take_10k_first_chunk_only	251.3 µs	206.5 µs	+21.73%
⚡	Simulation	decompress_rd[f64, (100000, 0.01)]	1,020.9 µs	842.6 µs	+21.16%
⚡	Simulation	decompress_rd[f64, (100000, 0.1)]	1,020.9 µs	842.6 µs	+21.16%
⚡	Simulation	take_10k_dispersed	264.8 µs	220.2 µs	+20.25%
⚡	Simulation	decompress_rd[f32, (100000, 0.1)]	583 µs	495.3 µs	+17.72%
⚡	Simulation	decompress_rd[f32, (100000, 0.01)]	583 µs	495.3 µs	+17.72%
⚡	Simulation	bitwise_not_vortex_buffer_mut[128]	244.4 ns	215.3 ns	+13.55%
⚡	Simulation	patched_take_10k_adversarial	259.7 µs	229.6 µs	+13.1%
⚡	Simulation	patched_take_10k_first_chunk_only	282.9 µs	252.7 µs	+11.97%
⚡	Simulation	patched_take_10k_dispersed	297 µs	266.9 µs	+11.31%
⚡	Simulation	bitwise_not_vortex_buffer_mut[1024]	304.7 ns	275.6 ns	+10.58%

Tip

Investigate this regression by commenting @codspeedbot fix this regression on this PR, or directly use the CodSpeed MCP with your agent.

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_{Comparing vortex-geo-pr (a9b93a4) with develop (9814173)}