[C++] Bump xsimd to latest version

[asfimport]

xsimd is refactored to use architecture instead of register size to define a batch.
I've adapted arrow code to this change.
There's one xsimd bug [1] needs to fix before we can upgrade.
[1] xtensor-stack/xsimd#553

Reporter: Yibo Cai / @cyb70289
Assignee: Yibo Cai / @cyb70289

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #11142

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-13944. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
Issue resolved by pull request 11142
#11142